scholarly journals Somatotype, diet and nutritional status of women

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata E. Drywień ◽  
Joanna Frąckiewicz ◽  
Magdalena Górnicka ◽  
Beata Ważna ◽  
Paulina Zielińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shape And Size

AbstractThe relationship between energy value and nutrients intake and the body shape and size parameters (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences) has become an interesting research area for nutritionists and dieticians. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the body shape and size parameters (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences), somatotype (according to the Rohrer (RI) index) and energy value and nutrients intake of women. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2016 on 148 female volunteers aged 57-88 from the Mazovian and Lublin province (Poland). Sample selection was targeted at elderly people with different body types. The exclusion criteria were: multi-organ failure, cancer and disability. Then among the subjects, a survey was conducted, that included demographic data, lifestyle, health status and vitamins and minerals supplements use. Food intake has been assessed using a 3-day dietary food records. The somatotype was determined using the RI with the Curtis key, classifying the subjects as ectomorphic (n=30), mesomorphic (n=31) and endomorphic (n=87). The somatotype was significantly related to place of residence, physical activity, waist and hip circumference, WHR and BMI index, total protein intake, animal protein intake, vitamin E intake (p≤0.05) and to fat, phosphorus and thiamine intake (p≤0.1). The obtained results showed that the place of residence, physical activity, chronic diseases, the use of specialized diet, body weight fluctuations, BMI and WHR were different depending on the somatotype in the examined group of women. Endomorphic subjects had significantly greater waist and hip circumference and diastolic blood pressure compared to the other somatotypes. The somatotype had only a significant effect on total protein, animal protein and vitamin E intake, and ectomorphic elderly women may be particularly susceptible to nutrient deficiencies. Due to the risk of macronutrient, vitamin and mineral deficiencies in the diets of the examined women, it seems necessary to educate this group as well as caregivers and doctors in the area of nutrition adapted to the needs of the elderly.

scholarly journals Analysis of Relationship between the Body Mass Composition and Physical Activity with Body Posture in Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Wyszyńska ◽  
Justyna Podgórska-Bednarz ◽  
Justyna Drzał-Grabiec ◽  
Maciej Rachwał ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Body Mass Composition ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Excessive body mass in turn may contribute to the development of many health disorders including disorders of musculoskeletal system, which still develops intensively at that time.Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between children’s body mass composition and body posture. The relationship between physical activity level of children and the parameters characterizing their posture was also evaluated.Material and Methods. 120 school age children between 11 and 13 years were enrolled in the study, including 61 girls and 59 boys. Each study participant had the posture evaluated with the photogrammetric method using the projection moiré phenomenon. Moreover, body mass composition and the level of physical activity were evaluated.Results. Children with the lowest content of muscle tissue showed the highest difference in the height of the inferior angles of the scapulas in the coronal plane. Children with excessive body fat had less slope of the thoracic-lumbar spine, greater difference in the depth of the inferior angles of the scapula, and greater angle of the shoulder line. The individuals with higher level of physical activity have a smaller angle of body inclination.Conclusion. The content of muscle tissue, adipose tissue, and physical activity level determines the variability of the parameter characterizing the body posture.

scholarly journals The Relationships between Total Protein Intake, Protein Sources, Physical Activity, and Lean Mass in a Representative Sample of the US Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3151
Author(s):  
Furong Xu ◽  
Jacob E. Earp ◽  
Maya Vadiveloo ◽  
Alessandra Adami ◽  
Matthew J. Delmonico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Total Protein Intake ◽  
Study Results

Background: Although dietary protein and physical activity play essential roles in developing and preserving lean mass, studies exploring these relationships are inconsistent, and large-scale studies on sources of protein and lean mass are lacking. Accordingly, the present study examined the relationship between total protein intake, protein sources, physical activity, and lean mass in a representative sample of US adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 2011–2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and corresponding Food Patterns Equivalents Database (n = 7547). Multiple linear regression models were performed to examine the sex-specific associations between total protein intake, protein sources (Dairy, Total Protein Foods, Seafood, and Plant Proteins), physical activity, and lean mass adjusting for demographics, weight status, and total daily energy intake. Results: Total protein intake was inversely related to lean mass in females only (Lean mass index: β= −0.84, 95%CI: −1.06–−0.62; Appendicular lean mass index: β= −0.35, 95%CI: −0.48–−0.22). However, protein sources and physical activity was positively associated with lean mass in males and/or females (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Study results suggest that consuming more protein daily had a detrimental influence on lean mass in females whereas eating high-quality sources of proteins and being physically active are important for lean mass for men and women. However, the importance of specific protein sources appears to differ by sex and warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Impact of Baseline BMI upon the Success of Latina Participants Enrolled in a 6-Month Physical Activity Intervention

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri J. Hartman ◽  
Shira I. Dunsiger ◽  
Dori W. Pekmezi ◽  
Brooke Barbera ◽  
Charles J. Neighbors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Family Social Support ◽  
Longitudinal Regression ◽  
Baseline Bmi ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

High rates of obesity in Latinas highlight the need to determine if physical activity interventions are equally effective across the body mass index (BMI) range. Thus, this study assessed how BMI impacts success of Spanish-speaking Latinas in a culturally and linguistically adapted theory-based physical activity intervention (). Longitudinal regression models tested the relationship between baseline BMI and outcomes. Overall, a trend for a negative association was found between baseline BMI and self-reported physical activity and theoretical constructs targeted by the intervention over time. For example, someone with a 25 kg/m2BMI would report, on average, 27.5 more minutes/week of activity compared to someone with a 30 kg/m2BMI at followup. Furthermore, higher baseline BMI was significantly associated with lower self-efficacy, behavioral and cognitive processes of change, and family social support over time. These findings suggest that participants with higher BMI may need additional intervention to promote physical activity.

Investigating the Measurement of Physical Activity and Associated Factors in Youth and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mayara S. Bianchim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a multisystemic condition that affects almost every organ in the body, but especially the lungs. Regular physical activity (PA) can significantly slow disease progression and has become a crucial part of CF care. Previous research evaluating PA in CF has been hindered by the use of cut-points developed for healthy populations and the investigation of collinear movement behaviours as independent entities, both of which are likely to have confounded their findings and any subsequent inferences regarding associated health outcomes. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the measurement and analysis of PA in those with CF. An initial systematic review provided recommendations for research calibrating accelerometry in paediatric clinical populations, highlighting that the pathophysiology of the condition must be accounted for and that the protocol should include a broad range of activities varying in intensity (Chapter 4). Subsequently, Chapter 5 developed and cross-validated raw acceleration CF-specific cut-points in youth which were then further assessed in Chapter 6, demonstrating that the CF-specific thresholds were associated with higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (SED) and lower levels of light PA compared to generic cut-points. Furthermore, lung function was associated with light PA when using condition-specific thresholds. Further investigation of the relationship between PA and health in Chapter 7 found that reallocating time from sedentary to any other behaviour was beneficial for lung function, with the greatest improvements observed when SED was reallocated to sleep or MVPA. Finally, Chapter 8 developed and validated machine learning algorithms that achieved excellent accuracy to classify PA types and intensities in youth with CF. In conclusion, these findings significantly advance the assessment of PA, enhancing our understanding of the relationship between PA and health in CF and informing future condition-specific PA guidelines, care strategies and interventions.

INVESTIGATION OF THE ISSUES OF NUTRITION OF STUDENTS USING THE DEFINITION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandrovna Kozlova ◽  
Anna Nikolaevna Filatova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article touches upon the question of the relationship between proper nutrition and physical activity. A study of the nutritional status and lifestyle of students was carried out. The assessment was carried out according to several criteria: the daily diet and its components (this gave an idea of the substances that the body may lack), bad habits and the degree of employment in work or educational activities. The results of the study showed that there is a direct relationship between adequate nutrition and physical activity. Practical recommendations for adjusting the daily diet are given. Attention is focused on food products containing the greatest amount of vitamins and minerals, which, according to the results of the research, were not enough for students.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Healthy Eating Motivation and Protein Intake in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Varying Functional Status

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Hanna M. Rempe ◽  
Gudrun Sproesser ◽  
Anne Hannink ◽  
Thomas Skurk ◽  
Beate Brandl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Total Protein Intake ◽  
The Relationship

In older adults, the relationship between healthy eating motivation (HEM) and protein intake as key component of a healthy diet is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigate the association of HEM with (1) total protein intake and (2) intake of different protein sources in older adults with varying functional status. In this cross-sectional study including 250 adults (≥70 years), we assessed HEM with “The Eating Motivation Survey” and protein intake by 7-day food records. In addition, gender, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), energy intake and functional status were considered. Regression analyses revealed that HEM was neither related to total (β = −0.02; p = 0.723) nor to relative protein intake (β = 0.04; p = 0.370). Notwithstanding this, participants with stronger HEM showed lower intake of protein from meat and meat products (β = −0.14; p = 0.018), higher intake of overall plant-based protein (β = 0.11; p = 0.032), protein from fruit and vegetables (β = 0.20; p = 0.002) and from pulses, nuts an seeds (β = 0.16; p = 0.016). Our findings suggest HEM as a valuable indicator for intake of distinct protein sources. However, since HEM is not related to total protein intake, the importance of sufficient protein consumption should be emphasized by promoting healthy eating, regardless of self-perceived HEM.

The Relationship among Television Watching, Physical Activity, and Body Composition of 5- or 6-Year-Old Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. DuRant ◽  
William O. Thompson ◽  
Maribeth Johnson ◽  
Tom Baranowski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Television Watching ◽  
Activity Rating ◽  
The Relationship

This follow-up investigation examined the relationship among observed time of television watching, physical activity, and body composition in 5- to 6-year-old children previously studied 2 years ago. Activity level on school and nonschool days was measured with the Children’s Activity Rating Scale. Television watching time was assessed by direct observation, and body composition was measured with the body mass index, skinfold thicknesses, and waist/hip ratio. Television watching behavior, which increased from the earlier study, was not associated with body composition. Physical activity was lower during television watching than nontelevision watching time.

scholarly journals The relationship between obesity in children ages 9 - 12 years and pattern of playing activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Putu Denny Tanaya ◽  
Emillia Devi D.Rianti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Main Factor

Obesity is excess weight as a result of stockpiling body fat excessive and could happen to all citizen including on children. The cause of obesity that one of them caused by the imbalance between intake of nutrients with physical activity that is playing. Good physical activity, the body metabolic processes will make the children walk with a maximum intake of calories that can be obtained from food directly in use in both by the body. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between the obese on 9 to 12 years old kids are playing with a pattern. From the graph is used for children and teenager to define obesity using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Method used by persentil graph body mass index (bmi to age 2 to 20 years in the male and female). Analytic research is the correlation with spearman. The result of research shows that there is no correlation between obesity with a pattern of the activity of playing on children aged 9 to 12 years. Because the value of a correlation coefficient (0.053 > 0.025). It is also avidenced by the result of a coefficient that marked negative and having meaning the absence of correlation ( - 0.209 ). Of the result we can conclude that there are a lot of the main factor in addition to the activity of playing that can cause a child suffering from obesity including genetic factor, and the pattern of hormonal feeding on such a child.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND TRACE ELEMENT METABOLISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
A.A. Skalny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element Metabolism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Currently, there is no doubt about the prevailing influence of the level of physical activity of an individual on the functional state of the body. However, the available literature data on the impact of physical stress on the body's supply of trace elements and their distribution in tissues are largely contradictory. This review of available literature data provides an insight into the relationship between physical activity and microelement homeostasis. The influence of human physical activity on the exchange of toxic (lead, cadmium, Nickel, etc.) and essential trace elements, such as iron, selenium, copper, cobalt, chromium, and zinc is reviewed. Based on the analyzed works, it is concluded that in order to correct the metabolic and microelement status of a person during physical activity, the most reasonable and necessary is the modulation of homeostasis of zinc and selenium.

scholarly journals Physical activity, aerobic fitness and brain white matter: their role for executive functions in adolescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Ruotsalainen ◽  
Tetiana Gorbach ◽  
Jaana Perkola ◽  
Ville Renvall ◽  
Heidi J. Syväoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

AbstractPhysical activity and exercise beneficially link to brain properties and cognitive functions in older adults, but it is unclear how these results generalise to other age groups. During adolescence, the brain undergoes significant changes, which are especially pronounced in white matter. Existing studies provide contradictory evidence regarding the influence of physical activity or aerobic-exercise on executive functions in youth. Little is also known about the link between both aerobic fitness and physical activity with white matter during puberty. For this reason, we investigated the connection between both aerobic fitness (20-m shuttle run) and physical activity (moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity) with white matter in 59 adolescents (12.7–16.2 years). We further determined whether white matter interacts with the connection of fitness or physical activity with three core executive functions (sustained attention, spatial working memory and response inhibition). Our results showed that only the level of aerobic fitness, but not of physical activity was related to white matter properties. Furthermore, the white matter of specific tracts also moderated the links of aerobic fitness and physical activity with working memory. Our results suggest that aerobic fitness and physical activity have an unequal contribution to the properties of white matter in adolescent brains. We propose that the differences in white matter properties could underlie the variations in the relationship between either physical activity or aerobic fitness with working memory.HighlightsAerobic fitness level, but not physical activity, is associated with white matter properties in several white matter tracts in the brain.The relationship between aerobic fitness and working memory was moderated by fractional anisotropy of the body of corpus callosum and in the right superior corona radiata.The relationship between physical activity and working memory was moderated by fractional anisotropy of the body and genu of corpus callosum.

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