scholarly journals Amino acid residues modulating the activities of staphylococcal glutamyl endopeptidases

2010 ◽  
Vol 391 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Ono ◽  
Yuko Ohara-Nemoto ◽  
Yu Shimoyama ◽  
Hisami Okawara ◽  
Takeshi Kobayakawa ◽  
...  

AbstractThe glutamyl endopeptidase family of enzymes from staphylococci has been shown to be important virulence determinants of pathogenic family members, such asStaphylococcus aureus. Previous studies have identified the N-terminus and residues from positions 185–195 as potentially important regions that determine the activity of three members of the family. Cloning and sequencing of the new family members fromStaphylococcus caprae(GluScpr) andStaphylococcus cohnii(GluScoh) revealed that the N-terminal Val residue is maintained in all family members. Mutants of the GluV8 enzyme fromS. aureuswith altered N-terminal residues, including amino acids with similar properties, were inactive, indicating that the Val residue is specifically required at the N-terminus of this enzyme family in order for them to function correctly. Recombinant GluScpr was found to have peptidase activity intermediate between GluV8 and GluSE fromStaphylococcus epidermisand to be somewhat less specific in its substrate requirements than other family members. The 185–195 region was found to contribute to the activity of GluScpr, although other regions of the enzyme must also play a role in defining the activity. Our results strongly indicate the importance of the N-terminal and the 185–195 region in the activity of the glutamyl endopeptidases of staphylococci.

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (9) ◽  
pp. 2536-2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. L. Lassy ◽  
Charles G. Miller

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium peptidase E (PepE) is an N-terminal Asp-specific dipeptidase. PepE is not inhibited by any of the classical peptidase inhibitors, and its amino acid sequence does not place it in any of the known peptidase structural classes. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of PepE with a number of related sequences has allowed us to define the amino acid residues that are strongly conserved in this family. To ensure the validity of this comparison, we have expressed one of the most distantly related relatives (Xenopus) in Escherichia coli and have shown that it is indeed an Asp-specific dipeptidase with properties very similar to those of serovar Typhimurium PepE. The sequence comparison suggests that PepE is a serine hydrolase. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to change all of the conserved Ser, His, and Asp residues and have found that Ser120, His157, and Asp135 are all required for activity. Conversion of Ser120 to Cys leads to severely reduced (104-fold) but still detectable activity, and this activity but not that of the parent is inhibited by thiol reagents; these results confirm that this residue is likely to be the catalytic nucleophile. These results suggest that PepE is the prototype of a new family of serine peptidases. The phylogenetic distribution of the family is unusual, since representatives are found in eubacteria, an insect (Drosophila), and a vertebrate (Xenopus) but not in the Archaea or in any of the other eukaryotes for which genome sequences are available.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Jumaini Siregar ◽  
Alemina Br Perangin-angin

Exogamy is the act of marrying someone from another tribe, clan, or similar social unit. This study is about the perception of educated people of different ages and different ethnic groups regarding exogamy. Thus, this paper analyzes the view of educated people in North Sumatera towards intermarriage, either they agree or disagree with exogamy. And then to elaborate the reasons why educated people in North Sumatera agree or disagree with exogamy. The research was conducted by using qualitative research. To answer the problems of the study, the data were collected by giving a questionnaire. The result of this study was the following; (1) Exogamy is supported by the educated people in North Sumatera; (2) The reasons why educated people support exogamy: (1). Exogamy enables educated people to understand other clans and enhance cultural traditions; (2) Adding new family members from various clans to make the family more diverse; (3) It's a normal phenomenon these days; (4) It is unique, interesting and allows educated individuals to reconcile the differences and appreciate their couple's tradition; (5) Exogamy has the potential to push clan growth, and; (6) It is acceptable as long as both families agree.


1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Bep Mook ◽  
Jean Bernabé

AbstractThis article is the result of a theoretical analysis of a consultation family therapy interview conducted by the well-known family therapist, Dr. S. Minuchin. In the interview, Minuchin effectively challenges the family's structure and the individual members' presenting identities and social roles. Through his successful use of metaphor and techniques like confrontation, enactment and confirmation, he leads the family members out of their confinement toward interaction. Based on a phenomenologically oriented analysis, the authors propose a theoretical formulation to account for the interpersonal space created during the therapeutic process. The directing question they address is: if every member of the family is confined to and legitimates his own conception of himself and his circumstances, how can mutually influencing relations be evoked? A main hypothesis is posed: the therapist faced with conflictual relationships effects consecutive synthesis which allow movement toward desired and alternative behaviors and toward the integration of each member into the family. Initially, the presenting behaviors are of a repetitive and unidimensional nature. The therapist proceeds to unlock these states mainly by using metaphors which point towards actual behaviors and desired alternatives. He thus opens a second dimension by presenting means which make reflection possible and heightens differentiation of self. Subsequently, the family members are led toward the formation of a positive and shared identity confirmed and affectively supported by the therapist. This process results in a third dimension where family members manifest personal reflective awareness of different ways of relating to each other. Integration of the individuals into a new family matrix becomes possible.


Paragrana ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Kellermann

Abstract This article refers to an ethnographical study within the framework of a cross-cultural research project in Germany and Japan. It focuses on the ritual staging and performing of family happiness within two countries: Christmas in Germany and oshogatsu, the turn of the year, in Japan. Happiness is hereby conceived as a particular form of well-being that is (intended) to be evoked during the yearly reunion of the family. Through ritual practice, the family members (re)confirm their family bonds and create their specific idea of family happiness. In the German family outlined below, Christmas Day in Germany happens to be the first Christmas Celebration in the new family constellation for everyone, and the family members are about to perform their future life plan. In Japan, oshogatsu relies on experiences and memories within the particular family constellation which allow an emotional proximity between four generations. The analytical approach reveals the social cultural impact on emotions and their performative and amplifying potential in rituals


2019 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Doris Rodriguez Leal ◽  
Betty Sánchez de Parada ◽  
Patricia Elena Dueñas Granados

Objetivo: Conocer y analizar la muerte materna, a partir de una aproximación a la realidad familiar, al indagar la experiencia vivida por los familiares de la mujer fallecida y valorar los cambios en los roles y la dinámica familiar. Materiales y Métodos: La investigación se realizó mediante metodología cualitativa, a través del estudio de casos; éstos fueron diez familias que tuvieron una muerte materna en los últimos cinco años, atendidas en hospitales y clínicas del departamento del Tolima-Colombia. Resultados: Ante una muerte materna, las familias y cada uno de sus miembros se tornan vulnerables. Cuando se cuenta con el apoyo de otros familiares, amigos o vecinos, el jefe de familia tiene un trabajo, o la familia pertenece a un grupo religioso o red de apoyo social, la situación se hace menos traumática. Las relaciones familiares en algunos casos se fortalecen, en otros empeoran, particularmente entre suegras y yernos. Con respecto a los cuidados maternales, normalmente las abuelas son las que continúan desempeñando el rol de cuidadoras o madres sustitutas. Conclusiones: Este tipo de muertes, pueden generar sentimientos contradictorios, por un lado se vive el dolor por la ausencia del familiar fallecido y por otro, la alegría de un nuevo miembro. La familia vive una situación de duelo ante la muerte de alguien que trae y cuida la vida, considerada como una muerte trágica, prematura y evitable, por lo que la espera de recibir a un nuevo miembro es sustituida por una pérdida. Palabras clave: Mortalidad materna, familia, relaciones familiares, Colombia.   Family experience of maternal death Abstract Objective: Understanding and analyzing maternal death, approaching to the family reality by examining the experience of the family members of the deceased, and evaluating the change of roles and family dynamic. Materials and Methods: The research was made through study cases, using qualitative methodology; these were ten families that experienced maternal death in the last 5 years, and were attended in clinics and hospitals in de department of Tolima-Colombia. Results: Facing maternal death, families and each of their members become vulnerable. Having support from other family members, friends or neighbors, having a job, or belonging to a religious group or social support network, makes the situation less traumatic. Family relations in some cases are strengthened or worsened, particularly between the mother-in-law and son-in-law.  Regarding maternal care, grandmothers normally take the role of caretakers or substitute mothers. Conclusions: These types of deaths cause contradictory feelings, on one hand there is the pain for the absence of a dead family member and on the other, the joy of a new one. The family goes through a situation of facing the death of someone who brings life and cares for it. It is considered a tragic, premature, and avoidable death, consequently the longing of receiving a new family member is substituted by a loss. Keywords: Maternal mortality, family, family relationships, Colombia.   Experiência dos parentes diante da morte materna Resumo Objetivo: Conhecer e analisar a morte materna, a partir de uma aproximação à realidade da família, ao indagar a experiencia vivida pelos parentes da mulher falecida e valorar as mudanças nos papéis e na dinâmica da família. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa se realizou utilizando a metodologia qualitativa, através do estudo de casos; estes foram dez famílias que tiveram uma morte materna nos últimos cinco anos, atendidas em hospitais e clínicas do estado de Tolima, na Colômbia. Resultados: Diante uma morte materna, as famílias e cada um de seus membros se tornam vulneráveis. Quando se conta com o apoio de outros parentes, amigos ou vizinhos, o chefe de família tem um trabalho, ou a família pertence a um grupo religioso ou rede de apoio social, a situação se faz menos traumática. Os relacionamentos da família em alguns casos se fortalecem, em outros pioram, particularmente entre sogras e genros. Com respeito aos cuidados maternais, normalmente as avós são as que continuam desempenhando o papel de cuidadoras ou mães substitutas. Conclusões: Este tipo de mortes, podem gerar sentimentos contraditórios, por um lado se vive a dor pela ausência do parente falecido e por outro, a alegria de um novo membro da família. A família vive uma situação de luto diante da morte de alguém que traz e cuida da vida, considerada como uma morte trágica, prematura e evitável, pelo que a espera de receber a um novo membro na família é substituída por uma perda. Palavras-chave: Mortalidade materna, família, relações familiares, Colômbia.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-298
Author(s):  
Kholid Mawardi ◽  
Cucu Nurzakiyah

The results of the study found that the responsibility of religious education of children in the family of Tablighi Jama'ah differed in terms of several conditions, namely first, when parents were not going to khuruj where both parents were responsible for children's education; secondly, when the father goes khuruj, then the mother is responsible for everything including children's education; third, when both parents go khuruj, then the responsibility of the child is left to other family members such as grandparents or their first adult children; and fourth, when the child goes to khuruj, where parents are responsible for children's religious education both mother and father. The pattern of the religious education in the Tablighi Jama'ah family in the village of Bolang is formed from several similarities held in the implementation of religious education, one of which is the daily activity that is carried out by the Tablighi Jama'at family. Al-Qur'an becomes one of the material given to children in the ta'lim. Children are taught how to read the Qur'an and memorize short letters such as Surat al-Falaq, al-Ikhlas, and so on. In addition to al-Qur'an, in this ta'lim there is a special study in the Tablighi Jama'ah, which is reading the book of fadhilah ‘amal, and the last is mudzakarah six characteristics.


Author(s):  
Khuan Seow ◽  
Nadia Caidi

Canada has an aging population with the fastest growing age groups (80 and 45-64 years old) vulnerable to age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Caregiving responsibilities often fall to the family members of the afflicted without much attention and consideration being placed on the information needs of these caregivers. We call for a better understanding of these caregivers' information needs and uses by social policy makers as well as information providers.La population du Canada a tendance à vieillir considérablement, avec la hausse la plus rapide dans les groupes d’âge (80 et 45 à 64 ans). Les personnes âges sont très vulnérables à toute sorte de maladies, telles que la maladie d’Alzheimer. La responsabilité revient souvent aux membres de la famille qui doivent prendre soin des personnes atteintes de cette maladie. Or, nous ne connaissons que peu de chose sur les besoins en information des personnes qui prennent soin de ces malades de l’Alzheimer : qui sont-ils ? Quelles sont leurs sources... 


2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
A.P. Kassatkina

Resuming published and own data, a revision of classification of Chaetognatha is presented. The family Sagittidae Claus & Grobben, 1905 is given a rank of subclass, Sagittiones, characterised, in particular, by the presence of two pairs of sac-like gelatinous structures or two pairs of fins. Besides the order Aphragmophora Tokioka, 1965, it contains the new order Biphragmosagittiformes ord. nov., which is a unique group of Chaetognatha with an unusual combination of morphological characters: the transverse muscles present in both the trunk and the tail sections of the body; the seminal vesicles simple, without internal complex compartments; the presence of two pairs of lateral fins. The only family assigned to the new order, Biphragmosagittidae fam. nov., contains two genera. Diagnoses of the two new genera, Biphragmosagitta gen. nov. (type species B. tarasovi sp. nov. and B. angusticephala sp. nov.) and Biphragmofastigata gen. nov. (type species B. fastigata sp. nov.), detailed descriptions and pictures of the three new species are presented.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maslichah Maslichah ◽  
Bayu Akbar Khayudin ◽  
Ikha Ardianti

ABSTRAK Pasien yang dirawat di ICU pada umumnya mengalami sakit kritis biasanya hal ini akan menimbulkan bebagai  respons psikososial  dari anggota keluarganya. Respons ini dapat berupa respons positif maupun respons negatif. Salah satu cara agar respons psikososial menjadi positif yaitu memberikan penyuluhan kepada keluarga pasien agar ada peningkatan kognisi dan emosi. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode “Pre-Experiment”, dengan rancangan “One group pra-post test design”. Dengan populasi semua keluarga yang anggota keluarganya dirawat di Ruang ICU RSUD.dr.Sosodoro Djatikoesumo. Sampel diambil dengan proses Total Sampling. Variabel independen  yaitupenyuluhan keluarga pasien ICU, dan variabel dependen adalah respon psikososial keluarga pasien. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan uji statistik paired sample t-test, pada tingkat signifikansi diperoleh nilai 0,027 0,05 maka Ho ditolak dan H1 diterimaPerawat sebagai tenaga kesehatan yang harus selalu mengembangkan profesionalisme, perlu mengupayakan agar respons psikososial keluarga yang negatif dapat ditekan. Salah satu upayanya yaitu adalah memberikan penyuluhan kepada keluarga. Dalam penyuluhan akan diberikan: komunikasi, informasi, edukasi dan support. Kata Kunci : Penyuluhan, Respon Psikososial Keluarga  ABSTRACT Patients admitted to the ICU in general suffer from a critical illness usually this will lead to the kinds of psychosocial responses of family members. This response can be either a positive response or a negative response. One way to be positive psychosocial responses that provide counseling to the patient's family that there was an increase in cognition and emotion.This study design using the "Pre-Experiment", the draft "One group pre-post test design". With a population of all the families who have family members admitted to the ICU RSUD.dr.Sosodoro Djatikoesumo. Samples were taken with total sampling process. Independent variables, family counseling ICU patients, and the dependent variable is the family of the patient's psychosocial response. Collecting data using questionnaires. results of research conducted by the statistical test paired sample t-test, at a significance level obtained value 0,027 0,05 hence Ho refused and H1 accepted.Nurses as health workers must always develop professionalism, needs to strive for psychosocial response can be suppressed negative family. One of the efforts that are giving counseling to the family. In the extension will be granted: communication, information, education and support. Keywords: Counseling, Family Psychosocial Response


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