scholarly journals Detection of Zoonotic Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella spp. Carrying Virulence Genes in Rural Mus musculus, Golestan Province, North of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Somayeh Namroodi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Native People ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Golestan Province

Background and aims: Salmonella spp. infect cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals and may cause a worldwide zoonotic disease, salmonellosis, in infected animals. Rodents can be Salmonella carriers without any signs of salmonellosis. The frequency of salmonella contamination, the presence of virulence genes (SpvR and SpvB) and antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated Salmonella were studied in rural Mus musculus to reveal the possible role of them in Salmonella dissemination in Golestan province. Methods: A total of 190 wet rectal swabs of M. musculus were obtained from rural areas of Golestan province with different climate conditions. The swabs were cultured and positive samples were serotyped and their antibiotic resistance patterns were studied. The presence of Salmonella and virulence genes was analyzed by SpvR and SpvB genes primers, respectively. Results: Salmonella spp. were detected in 15 (7%) of 190 fecal samples by bacterial culture and PCR. S. enteritidis (n=9) and S. typhimurium (n=6) were identified. The highest and lowest frequencies were detected in humid (13.1%) and arid areas (3.1%), respectively. SpvR and SpvB genes were diagnosed in 10 of 15 (66.6%) isolated Salmonella. The highest resistance of detected Salmonella spp. was observed against streptomycin (53%). All the isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and trimethoprim. Conclusion: The Salmonella contamination in sampled house mice indicates that native people should be made aware of the risk of Salmonella infection and possible ways of salmonella transmission through rodents. In addition, the application of appropriate therapeutic approaches to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistant Salmonella is recommended.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Antibacterial Resistance Patterns in Isolated Bacteria from Contaminated Water Samples in Poultry Slaughterhouses

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Hadis Tavafi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Nowadays, in the poultry industry, antibiotics are used to treat, prevent, and enhance poultry growth and production efficiency. Their irregular consumption has resulted in the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in this industry. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in contaminated waters can be transmitted into soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from the water of chicken slaughterhouses around Hamadan (Iran) province. In this study, 20 water samples were collected from four slaughterhouses in Hamadan province (during spring and summer 2019). Initial isolation and identification of the bacteria were performed by pour plate culture and biochemical tests. The disc diffusion method was applied to investigate the resistance pattern. This study presents 109 screened isolates. Of these, 57.8% E.coli, 35.7% Salmonella spp., and 6.42% Klebsiella spp. were detected. Antibiograms of isolates showed that in E.coli, 23.09% were resistant to four types of the antibiotic tetracycline, amoxicillin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol, 76.19% had only one type of antibiotic. Antibiotics for Salmonella spp. showed that 35.9% were resistant to tetracycline, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol, 64.10% to only one type of antibiotic. Also, in Klebsiella spp., 85.71% were sensitive to antibiotics, and only 14.28% were resistant to tetracycline. Conclusion: The results showed that the rate of multiple antibiotic resistance is relatively high, and contaminated water has a high potential for soil contamination. Therefore, resistant bacteria become more stable in the environment, and the health of the environment will be endangered. Therefore, it is necessary to study the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria to study and maintain the health of the environment.

scholarly journals Salmonella enterica Subsp. houtenae Associated with an Abscess in Young Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Adriana Trotta ◽  
Laura Del Sambro ◽  
Michela Galgano ◽  
Stefano Ciccarelli ◽  
Erika Ottone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Biochemical Identification ◽  
Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands ◽  
Insight Into

Background: S. enterica subsp. houtenae has been rarely documented, and very limited genomic information is available. This report describes a rare case of primary extraintestinal salmonellosis in a young roe deer, associated with Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae. Methods: A traditional cultural-based analysis was carried out from the contents of a neck abscess; biochemical identification and PCR assay were performed to isolate and identify the pathogen. Through whole-genome sequencing (WGS), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core genome MLST (cgMLST), and the Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) survey, resistome and virulome genes were investigated to gain insight into the virulence and antimicrobial resistance of S. houtenae. Results: Biochemical identification and PCR confirmed the presence of Salmonella spp. in the swelling. The WGS analysis identified Salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae serovar 43:z4,z23:- and ST 958. The virulence study predicted a multidrug resistance pattern with resistance shown against aminoglycosides, tetracycline, beta-lactamase, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, nitroimidazole, aminocoumarin, and peptide. Fifty-three antibiotic-resistant genes were identified. No plasmids were detected. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of continuous surveillance of pathogenic salmonellae. Biomolecular analyses combined with epidemiological data can provide important information about poorly described Salmonella strains and can help to improve animal welfare.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdus Sobur ◽  
Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽  
Ripon Sarker ◽  
A. M. M. Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

scholarly journals Wastewater disinfection by solar heterogeneous photocatalysis: effect on tetracycline resistant/sensitive Enterococcus strains

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Wastewater Disinfection ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

<div> <p>Solar simulated heterogeneous photocatalysis (SSHP) with suspended TiO<sub>2</sub> was investigated in the inactivation of tetracycline resistant/sensitive <em>Enterococcus</em> (TRE/TSE) strains in the effluent of an urban wastewater treatment plant (UWTP). The effect of solar simulated disinfection (SSD) on the inactivation of the same <em>Enterococcus</em> strains was investigated as control. SSHP process (0.05 g l<sup>-1</sup> of TiO<sub>2</sub>) was found to be effective in the inactivation of both <em>Enterococcus</em> strains with total inactivation (~7 log unit) observed after 60 min of irradiation. On the contrary, SSD process did not show any significant inactivation after 90 min of irradiation. The effect of both processes on the antibiotic resistance phenotypes of the surviving enterococci was also evaluated. TRE cells surviving the SSHP treatment showed that disinfection process did not affect the antibiotic resistance pattern after 45 min irradiation. The same was observed for the TSE strain. Accordingly, antibiotic resistance can spread into the receiving water body when antibiotic resistant strains survive to disinfection process.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from farms at Dak Lak province

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Hoang Van Minh Nguyen ◽  
Vinh Thanh Nguyen ◽  
James Ian Campbell ◽  
Stephen Baker ◽  
Tu Canh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

This study is to survey the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from the farms at Dak Lak province, Viet Nam. 139 farms including 5 civet farms, 14 pig farms and 120 duck farms were sampled and analyzed. The results showed that many samples collected from 120 duck farms,14 pig farms and 5 civet farms were positive positive for Salmonella spp. Four serogroups of Salmonella species were demonstrated, Salmonella group B (25 strains), Salmonella group non-typable (13 strains), Salmonella group D (8 strains) and Salmonella group C (2 strains). There were 50 % of Salmonella strains resisting to at least one antibiotic, 75 % of the strains expressing multiple antibiotic resistance. In particular, 3 strains Salmonella secreted to ESBL (Extented-spectrum- beta lactamse).

Virulence factors analysis and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients in northeast of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdis Ghavidel ◽  
Tahere Gholamhosseini-Moghadam ◽  
Kimiya Nourian ◽  
Kiarash Ghazvini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli is known to be the pathogen commonly isolated from those infected with uri- nary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of E. coli virulence genes and antibiotics’ resistance pattern among clinical isolates in the Northeast of Iran. Relationships between virulence genes and antimicrobial resistances were studied as well. Materials and Methods: Three hundred isolates of E. coli were isolated from patients with UTIs that referred to Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals (Mashhad, Iran) during August 2016 to February 2017. A multiplex PCR was employed to amplify the genes encoding pyelonephritis associated pili (pap), S-family adhesions (sfa), type1fimbriae (fimH) and aerobactin (aer). Disk diffusion test was performed to test the susceptibility of isolates to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, quino- lone, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Results: The PCR results identified the fimH in 78.4%, aer in 70.5%, sfa in 13.6% and the pap in 8.2% of isolates. The rates of antibiotic resistance of the isolates were as follows: 64.7% resistant to cephalosporins, 34% to trimethoprim-sul- famethoxazole, 31% to fluoroquinolones, 15.3% to aminoglycosides, 13.3% to β-lactams, 7.8% to quinolones and 4.4% to carbapenems. Significant relationships existed between pap and aer, pap and sfa, aer and fluoroquinolones also pap and cephalosporins. Conclusion: fimH and aer were found in > 50% of isolates suggesting the importance of both genes in UPEC. The majority of isolates had fimH as adhesion factor for colonization. Determining antibiotic resistance patterns in specific geographical areas is necessary for appropriate treatment of urinary tract infection. The high rate of resistance to cephalosporins is most likely due to incorrect drug administration

scholarly journals Characterization of Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella spp Isolated from Chicken Eggs of Dhaka City

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Ahmed ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
K. R. Mahbub ◽  
M. Wahiduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Poultry Eggs ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Chicken Eggs

In present study, the occurrence of Salmonella in local chicken eggs and their pattern of antibiotic resistance were determined. 100 egg samples collected from different locations of Dhaka city were analysed and Salmonella spp were found in 8% of the samples. Among all presumptive Salmonella isolates, 8 isolates were confirmed as Salmonella enterica subsp. salamae (4%), Salmonella enterica subsp. indica (1%), Salmonella Paratyphi-A (1%), Salmonella bongori (1%) and Salmonella Choleraesuis (1%) on the basis of serotyping and biochemical analysis. These isolates were subjected to susceptibility test against 10 antibiotic disks. All the isolates were found chloramphenicol sensitive. The highest percentage of resistance (87.5%) was found to amoxicillin and ampicillin. Resistance against erythromycin, cephalexin, doxycycline hydrochloride, ceftazidime, doxycycline and nalidixic acid was also found significant ranging from 25% to 62.5%. Salmonella isolated from egg shell surface were found more antibiotic resistant than that of egg yolk and white. The present study suggests that poultry eggs are potential reservoir of antibiotic resistant Salmonellae.Keywords: Egg; Salmonella; Characterization; Antibiotic resistance.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6109                J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 191-196  (2011)

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Resistance of Salmonella spp. in Eggs for Human Consumption

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sharan Sarawgi ◽  
Shrey Sarawgi ◽  
Jyoti Dubey ◽  
Shweta Gupta ◽  
Anish Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Development Agents ◽  
Food Borne Infections

Aim: The present investigation aims to construct a comparative analysis based on isolation, identification and observation of resistance of Salmonella spp. in eggs for human consumption. Study Design: This is an experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory of Department Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata (West Bengal, India), from January to March, 2020. Methodology: In this study, a total of 48 poultry (chicken) eggs from local and super markets (24 samples from each market) were examined to study the diversity of microorganisms in eggshell surface as well as in the internal contents with the specific objective to isolate Salmonella spp. and to study their resistance against a range of antibiotics-  Cefotaxime (30 mcg), Levofloxacin (5 mcg), Aztreonam (30 mcg), Imipenem (10 mcg), Amikacin (30 mcg) and Ceftazidime (30 mcg). Results: Microscopic and biochemical observations revealed the presence of Salmonella spp. in 68% egg samples. About 22% of the identified Salmonella spp. cultures were resistant to the antibiotics used in the study. Further, the total and the outer membrane proteins of specific isolated Salmonella spp. were isolated, few of which exhibit antibiotic resistance. More than 50% of the cultures exhibited biofilm formation which is a clear indication of the potential risk that it may pose after egg consumption. A 33 kDa and a 36 kDa protein was isolated from the resistant cultures and analysed by SDS-PAGE that could serve as promising vaccine development agents and the level of toxicity was checked on Human Cheek Cells (HCCs), of which 15% caused morphological distortions in the cells. Conclusion: The study was conducted to isolate, identify and observe the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. from eggs obtained from local and supermarkets. The study clearly indicates the prevalence of antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. contamination in eggs that may be detrimental for human consumption. Thus, appropriate measures should be adopted by vendors and poultry farm workers to ensure supply of egg samples suitable for human consumption. From the research and development point of view, the results hold a promising prospect to develop potential therapeutics and vaccine candidates against selected Salmonella spp. to reduce the incidence of food-borne infections in humans.

scholarly journals Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern, and Detection of Virulence Genes iss, and ompT in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Broiler Chickens in Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Saroj Sankhi ◽  
Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai ◽  
Hom Bahadur Basnet ◽  
Nirmal Raj Marasine ◽  
Himal Luitel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

This study aimed to identify, evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and detect virulence genes iss, and ompT in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from broiler chickens in central Nepal. To determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of the obtained isolates, the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used with six different commercial antibiotic discs: Amikacin, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol and Levofloxacin. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used for the selected isolates (n=40) to screen the presence of the iss and ompT genes after the extraction of DNA using the boiling method Out of 60 suspected Colibacillosis liver samples, 40 were confirmed as E. coli positive The antibiogram profile revealed maximum resistance to Doxycycline (87.5%), followed by Levofloxacin (72.5%), Ciprofloxacin (67.5%), Chloramphenicol (40.0%), Gentamycin (32.5%) and Amikacin (10.0%).. The presence of the iss and ompT genes was found to be 100.0% and 90.0%, respectively. APEC was found to be highly resistant to most of the antibiotics. Virulence-associated genes iss and ompT were obtained at high percentages from Colibacillosis suspected broiler chickens in Chitwan, Nepal. These finding suggests that the judicial use of antimicrobials is compulsory to check antibiotic resistance and Colibacillosis outbreaks in poultry farms.

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