СУБ’ЄКТНІСТЬ ОСОБИСТОСТІ: РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА ПОГЛЯДІВ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВА ВТІЛЕННЯ В ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ ПРОЦЕС

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Олена Галян
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
World View ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Agency Problems ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Working Out

У статті актуалізовано потребу втілення ідеї суб’єктності особистості школяра в педагогічний  процес  сучасного  навчального  закладу.  З  цією  метою  проаналізовано  основні  тенденції  становлення  уявлення  про  суб’єктну  сутність  особистості  у  вітчизняній  науковій  традиції.  Розвиток  поглядів  на  природу суб’єктності та її детермінацію розглянуто на основі існуючих періодизацій вивчення суб’єктної  проблематики.  Виокремлено  методологічні  підходи  до  розкриття  суб’єктних  проявів  особистості  –  діяльнісний та буттєвий. Це дало змогу диференціювати суб’єктнісні позиції особистості в кожному з них  та визнати потребу їх поєднання у витлумаченні суб’єктності як онтологічної даності. Визначено зміст  співвідношення  понять  «суб’єкт» і  «особистість», що  розширило уявлення  про феномен суб’єктності.  Історію становлення знання про суб’єктність презентовано у зв’язку з аналізом її вимірів, рівнів, сутнісних  ознак. Зроблено висновок про динаміку суб’єктності, що розгортається в часопросторі життєтворчості  особистості.  Окреслено потребу організації навчальної діяльності школярів на засадах гуманітарної освітньої  парадигми, яка забезпечує формування в них особистісного світосприйняття на основі зміни підходу до  процесу засвоєння знань. За таких умов суб’єктність виявлятиметься в побудові школярем власних смислів,  світоглядних позицій та мотиваційно-ціннісних настанов, активізуючи його можливість бути суб’єктом  діяльності, пізнання, а також власного життя. The article highlights the idea of the implement agency of the pupil’s personality in the pedagogical  process of a modern educational institution. For this purpose, the main tendencies of the formation of the notion of  the agency of the individual in the national scientific tradition are analyzed. The development of views on the  essence of agency and its determination is considered on the basis of existing periods of study of agency problems.  Methodological approaches to the disclosure of agency manifestations of personality are described – activity and  existential. This made it possible to differentiate the agency positions of the individual in each of them and to  recognize the need for their combination in the interpretation of agency as ontological essence. The paper outlines  the  relation  between  concepts  «agent»  and  «personality»  is  determined.  This  expanded  the  notion  of  the  phenomenon of agency. History of the formation of knowledge about agency is presented in connection with the  analysis of its nature, levels, essential features. A conclusion is drawn about the dynamics of agency, which unfolds  in time and space of personality creation.  The author highlights the need for a new perspective on educational activities based on the education  paradigm of humanitarian which ensures shaping pupils’ personal world view based on a shift in the approach to  knowledge acquisition. It is specified that in such conditions agency is manifested in working out one’s own  meanings,  shaping  one’s  own  world  view,  motivational  and  value  regulations  based  on  the  perception  of  information that is acquired as personal and meaningful one. This activates his ability to be an agent of activity,  cognition, and his own life.  

Lived Ancient Religions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Rüpke
Keyword(s):  
Human Interaction ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Lived Religion ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Central Notion ◽  
Ancient Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Individual

“Lived ancient religion” offers a new perspective on ancient religion. It shares the priority on ritual of many studies from the late 19th century onward but reconstructs ancient religion not as a set of rules or coherent system but a dynamic field of change and tradition. The central notion is taken from contemporary religious studies. The concept of “lived religion” was developed in the late 1990s and has gained a growing reception ever since. Rather than analyzing expert theologies, dogma, or the institutional setting and history of organized religion, the focus of lived religion is on what people actually do: the everyday experience, practices, expressions, and interactions that are related to and constitute religion. In this way, religion is understood as a spectrum of experiences, actions, beliefs, and communications hinging on human interaction with super-human or even transcendent agent(s), usually conceptualized by the ancient Mediterraneans as gods. Material symbols, elaborate forms of representation, and ritualization are called upon for the success of communication with these addressees. The concept of lived religion has only recently been applied to the analysis of ancient religion. With a view to the dynamics of religion in the making, research based on this new concept critically engages with the notions of civic religion and (elective) cults as clearly defined rule- or belief-based systems. It stresses the similarity of practices and techniques of creating meaning and knowledge across a whole range of addressees of religious communication and in light of a high degree of local innovation. The emphasis is not on competing religions or cults but on symbols that are assuming ever-new configurations within a broad cultural space. The central notion of religious agency offers extended possibilities of imagination and intervention—of imagined, invoked, and even experienced divine support in real situations. In this way, the attribution of agency to divine actors provides appropriately creative strategies for the human agents (and sometimes even their audiences) to transcend the situation in question, whether by leading a ritual, casting a person as possessed, invoking means not yet available (as through a vow), or bolstering one’s own party with the favor of divine members. Religions, as seen from below, are the attempt—often by just a few individuals—to at least occasionally create order and boundaries through means other than a normative system imperfectly reproduced by humans. Such boundaries would include the notions of sacred and profane, pure and impure, public and private, as well as gendered conceptions of deities. Institutions such as professional priesthoods and the reformulation of religion as knowledge that is kept and elaborated by such professionals could constitute further features of crucial importance for sketching a history of such systems. This is religion in the making, though it casts itself as religion made forever. Acknowledging the individual appropriation and the production of meaning at play in these situations excludes the employment of only cultural interpretations, drawing on other parts of a dense and coherent web of meaning.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Professional Pedagogy Orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Bakholskaya ◽  
◽  
Svetlana S. Velikanova ◽  
Natalia V. Kozhushkova ◽  
Irina I. Sunagatullina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Professional Orientation ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
The University

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of professional orientation in pedagogy. Based on the works of I.S. Yakimanskoy, E.V. Bondarevskaya, A.A. Melik-Pashayeva, I.N. Semenova, V.K. Zaretsky and other researchers, the authors clarified the principles of personal orientation of educational activities that contribute to the development of the professional orientation of students of pedagogical specialties at the university. The article also presents the author’s complex of pedagogical conditions ensuring the development of the professional orientation of students of pedagogical specialties in a higher educational institution. The complex includes the following components: identification and formation of value orientations of students of pedagogical specialties; creating in higher education educational environment that promotes self-realization of the individual; accounting of students' subject experience; development of pedagogical abilities of future teachers; development of professional skills of university teachers as the basis for the formation of professional orientation of students of pedagogical specialties. The article also describes the results of experimental work, which confirmed the effectiveness of the developed complex of pedagogical conditions that ensure the development of the professional orientation of students of pedagogical specialties in a higher educational institution on the basis of personal orientation of educational activities.

scholarly journals ABOUT SOURCES AND METHODS

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. ТУАЛЛАГОВ
Keyword(s):  
Image Data ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Original Narrative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Textual Research ◽  
Written Sources

Статья посвящена проблеме происхождения образа осетинского Николая как представителя божественных сил осетинских традиционных представлений. Актуальность представленной в статье темы определяется возникшим дискуссионным моментом в исследовании данного божественного образа, а также методологическими подходами при его реализации. Научная новизна исследования заключается в привлечении к анализу оригинальных нарративных источников, позволяющих верифицировать источниковую базу и определиться с обоснованностью проявившихся различных подходов в решении указанной проблемы. Целью исследования является верификация данных образа одного из представителей осетинского пантеона в контексте монотеистических и политеистических представлений. При проведении исследования применялись методы текстуального исследования источников, индуктивного и логического анализа на основе принципа историзма и системности изложения. Дополнительное обращение к анализу источников, в которых фигурирует данный образ, к историографии самой проблемы позволяет автору подтвердить прежде сформулированное им положение о Николае как боге, формирование образа которого имело давние истоки. Приложение к нему отдельных черт православного св. Николая продиктовано историей христианизации Алании под византийским влиянием, процесс которого был прерван. Политеистические представления продолжали действовать в традиционных представлениях осетин конца XIX–начала XX вв. Отмечаются конкретные примеры ошибочных трактовок некоторых археологических памятников и материалов письменных источников, а также методов и подходов в критике представленных ранее автором решений. Проведенный анализ сопрягается с вопросом об оригинальных монотеистических представлениях, искусственность приложения которых в современных условиях к истории алан объективно отвергается. The article is devoted to the problem of originating of the image of the Ossetian Nicholas as a representative of the divine powers of Ossetian traditional ideas. The relevance of the topic presented in the article is determined by the discussion point that has arisen in the study of this divine image, as well as methodological approaches of its implementation. The scientific novelty of the study is to use original narrative sources for analysis, which allow us to verify the source base and determine the validity of the various approaches that have appeared in solving this problem. The aim of the study is to verify the image data of one of the representatives of the Ossetian pantheon in the context of monotheistic and polytheistic representations. The study used methods of textual research of sources, inductive and logical analysis based on the principle of historicism and systematic presentation. The extensive analysis of the sources in which this image appears, the historiography of the problem itself, allows the author to confirm his previously formulated presumption on Nicholas as a god, whose formation had long-standing origins. Applying to him the individual features of the Orthodox St. Nicholas is dictated by the history of the Christianization of Alania under Byzantine influence, the process of which was interrupted. Polytheistic ideas continued to operate in the traditional representations of the Ossetians of the late XIX–early XXth centuries. Specific examples of erroneous interpretations of certain archaeological sites and materials from written sources, as well as methods and approaches in criticizing the solutions presented earlier by the author, are noted. The analysis is combined with the question of the original monotheistic «ideas», the artificiality of their application to the history of the Alans in modern conditions is objectively rejected.

scholarly journals To the Discussion on Academic Philosophy: What, How, and What for

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Elena A. Guseva ◽  
Marina I. Panfilova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
World View ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Teaching Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

The article discusses how to implement common cultural competencies in the course of teaching philosophy. The authors believe that the optimal content of the course is the history of philosophy, which, when being creatively taught, can become a school of critical thinking and education and give direction to those who are trying to consciously shape their world view and educate their mind. The historical-philosophical approach organically incorporates the problematic one, makes it possible to discuss current issues of the day, based on classical examples of the philosophical culture. Some techniques for the development of cognitive skills that correspond to the strategies of liberal education are considered. The authors draw attention to the benefits of the work of a student with a philosophical text, the need for the development of written and oral speech, organically associated with the development of thinking. In the conditions of increasing bureaucratic regulation of the educational process and limited time, it is important to preserve the space of academic freedom, to build teaching taking into account the individual-personal contact with this or that audience. University philosophy is regarded as a valuable experience in overcoming the limitations of everyday consciousness, it seems to be a source of ideas that provides support in a situation of epistemological uncertainty and value relativism. The article covers both philosophical and theoretical, and applied aspects of the problem of teaching philosophy in higher education institution.

Psychological anthropology and medical anthropology: a brief history of ideas and concepts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Cormac Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Anthropology ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Psychological Anthropology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Evolution ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Modern Experience ◽  
The Individual

This paper sets out to briefly explore the definitions of two interrelated subfields of cultural anthropology; psychological anthropology and medical anthropology. This exploration will argue that culture and the individual are intimately intertwined. The theoretical evolution within psychological anthropology will be presented, from the bio-moral classifications of the ‘primitive’ to modern ‘experience near’ ethnographies, and fluid understanding of personhood. Theoretical and methodological approaches to mental health will be discussed briefly. Finally, the conclusion will ask the question: what is the future for medical and psychological anthropology?

scholarly journals ОСНОВНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ СУТНОСТІ ТА ЗМІСТУ ПОНЯТТЯ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТНЬОЇ ТРАЄКТОРІЇ СТУДЕНТА В ПРОЦЕСІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12(52)) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Колоніна Л. Г.
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Educational Trajectories ◽  
Structural Content ◽  
The Future ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The author provided the theoretical grounding of the essential characteristics of the concept of “individual educational trajectory”. Based on the logem of the system of the methodological approaches (holistic- emergent, humanitarian, axiological, trans-communicative, personal- activity, praxeological, projected, competent, creative-acmeological), she formulated the definition of the individual educational trajectories of the future teachers of the music art and she outlined briefly the structural content of the research question which is represented with two blocks: personal potential (motivational-value, personal-experience, orientation- cognitive, communicative reflexive and regulatory components) and its realization in the educational activities.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

Post-Soviet economy development: From the past to the future

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Present Situation ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Out ◽  
A Current

The article is devoted to major events in the history of the post-Soviet economy, their influence on forming and development of modern Russia. The author considers stages of restructuring, market reforms, transformational crisis, and recovery growth (1999-2011), as well as a current period which started in2011 and is experiencing serious problems. The present situation is analyzed, four possible scenarios are put forward for Russia: “inertia”, “mobilization”, “decisive leap”, “gradual democratic development”. More than 30 experts were questioned in the process of working out the scenarios.

Victorian Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Ablow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Harriet Martineau ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
First Time

The nineteenth century introduced developments in science and medicine that made the eradication of pain conceivable for the first time. This new understanding of pain brought with it a complex set of moral and philosophical dilemmas. If pain serves no obvious purpose, how do we reconcile its existence with a well-ordered universe? Examining how writers of the day engaged with such questions, this book offers a compelling new literary and philosophical history of modern pain. The book provides close readings of novelists Charlotte Brontë and Thomas Hardy and political and natural philosophers John Stuart Mill, Harriet Martineau, and Charles Darwin, as well as a variety of medical, scientific, and popular writers of the Victorian age. The book explores how discussions of pain served as investigations into the status of persons and the nature and parameters of social life. No longer conceivable as divine trial or punishment, pain in the nineteenth century came to seem instead like a historical accident suggesting little or nothing about the individual who suffers. A landmark study of Victorian literature and the history of pain, the book shows how these writers came to see pain as a social as well as a personal problem. Rather than simply self-evident to the sufferer and unknowable to anyone else, pain was also understood to be produced between persons—and even, perhaps, by the fictions they read.

Divination and Human Nature

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Struck
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Observable Fact

This book casts a new perspective on the rich tradition of ancient divination—the reading of divine signs in oracles, omens, and dreams. Popular attitudes during classical antiquity saw these readings as signs from the gods while modern scholars have treated such beliefs as primitive superstitions. The book reveals instead that such phenomena provoked an entirely different accounting from the ancient philosophers. These philosophers produced subtle studies into what was an odd but observable fact—that humans could sometimes have uncanny insights—and their work signifies an early chapter in the cognitive history of intuition. Examining the writings of Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, and the Neoplatonists, the book demonstrates that they all observed how, setting aside the charlatans and swindlers, some people had premonitions defying the typical bounds of rationality. Given the wide differences among these ancient thinkers, the book notes that they converged on seeing this surplus insight as an artifact of human nature, projections produced under specific conditions by our physiology. For the philosophers, such unexplained insights invited a speculative search for an alternative and more naturalistic system of cognition. Recovering a lost piece of an ancient tradition, this book illustrates how philosophers of the classical era interpreted the phenomena of divination as a practice closer to intuition and instinct than magic.

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