scholarly journals Evaluation of the binding and disintegrating properties of gum obtained from the stem bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa C. Sarkodie ◽  
Philomena Entsie ◽  
Mariam E. Boakye-Gyasi ◽  
Frederick W.A. Owusu ◽  
Marcel T. Bayor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hardness Test ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Potential Binding ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Weight Test ◽  
Water Holding

Excipients are the various ingredients, apart from the active pharmaceutical ingredients, which are added to pharmaceutical formulations. Excipients obtained from natural sources are preferred over those from synthetic sources because they are cheap, biocompatible and readily available. Gums are made up of carbohydrate units which are linked by glycosidic bonds. This study was aimed at evaluating the potential binding and disintegrating properties of gum obtained from the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, which was obtained from Effiduase in the Ashanti region of Ghana. The gum was extracted using 96% ethanol and the moisture content, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra, water holding capacity, swelling index and flow properties of the gum were determined. The gum was used to formulate tablets at different concentrations (10% w/v, 15% w/v and 20% w/v) as binder with acacia as the standard. The gum was also used to formulate tablets at different concentrations (5% w/v, 7.5% w/v and 10% w/v) as disintegrant with starch as the standard. Quality control tests were then conducted on all formulated tablets. The gum exhibited good flow and physicochemical properties. All formulated tablets passed the uniformity of weight test, friability test, disintegration test, hardness test, uniformity of dimensions test and drug content. All batches of tablets, except Batch 7, passed the dissolution test. Based on the study carried out, C. zeylanicum gum can be used as an alternative excipient to acacia and starch as a binder and a disintegrant, respectively.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Lipid Micro/Nanoparticles for Oral Administration by Spray-Cooling

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1186
Author(s):  
Carmen S. Favaro-Trindade ◽  
Fernando E. de Matos Junior ◽  
Paula K. Okuro ◽  
João Dias-Ferreira ◽  
Amanda Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Simple Technology

Nanoencapsulation via spray cooling (also known as spray chilling and spray congealing) has been used with the aim to improve the functionality, solubility, and protection of drugs; as well as to reduce hygroscopicity; to modify taste and odor to enable oral administration; and many times to achieve a controlled release profile. It is a relatively simple technology, it does not require the use of low-cost solvents (mostly associated to toxicological risk), and it can be applied for lipid raw materials as excipients of oral pharmaceutical formulations. The objective of this work was to revise and discuss the advances of spray cooling technology, with a greater emphasis on the development of lipid micro/nanoparticles to the load of active pharmaceutical ingredients for oral administration.

scholarly journals Comparative In-vitro Evaluation of Different Captopril Tablet Brands Commercially Available in Sindh, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Bilawal Shaikh ◽  
Muhammad Ali Ghoto ◽  
Mudassar Iqbal Arain ◽  
Abdullah Dayo ◽  
Maryam Qazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hardness Test ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Dissolution Test ◽  
Test Diameter ◽  
Average Hardness ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Uniformity Test ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Average Loss

Pharmaceutical products of standard quality are very important in appropriate management of diseases. However, substandard drugs are failing to achieve the therapeutic outcomes. In this study, six brands of Captopril tables having two strengths (three brands of 50 mg, and three brands of 25 mg), were collected from local pharmacies of Sindh. Standards of United States of Pharmacopeia (USP) were used for comparison of Captopril brands. Wide ranges of physicochemical standard quality control tests of USP were performed and results were recorded. All six brands of captopril tablets met the standard of aesthetic test, and weight uniformity test, diameter test and thickness test and disintegration test in which dissolved within fifteen minutes. Four brands of captopril tablet meet the standard of hardness test, whereas two brands fails to meet the standard with average hardness in brand C25-2 (3.05 ± 0.32), and brand C25-3 (2.28 ± 0.40). Five brands of captopril tablet meet the standard of friability test whereas one brand C25-3 fail to meet the standard with average loss of 6.22%. All six brands of captopril tablet meet the standard of dissolution test and dissolved not < 80% in 20 minutes. In last all six brands of captopril tablet meet the standard of assay test and contain the captopril within 90-110%. It was concluded that all brands of Captopril tablets meet the standard of USP and are therapeutically equivalent, so Physicians can prescribe them cost-effectively and interchangeably.

scholarly journals Development of Analytical Profile of Lamotrigine and its API Formulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
VISHAL CHAUDHARY ◽  
VASUNDHARA SAXENA
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
System Suitability ◽  
Bulk Drug

Objective: The objective of this review is to put a light on the development of lamotrigine and its active pharmaceutical ingredients formulation with proper demonstration. Method: In the present work, one of the most imperative spectrophotometric method which is RP-HPLC method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of lamotrigine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. UV spectrophotometric method which involves the determination of Lamotrigine in bulk and in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation has maximum absorption at 307.5nm in methanol. It obeys Beer’s and Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 5-45 µg/ml. A rapid and sensitive RP- HPLC Method with UV detection (270 nm) for routine analysis of Lamotrigine formulation was developed. Chromatography was performed with mobile phase containing a mixture of methanol and Phosphate buffer (65:35v/v) with flow rate 1.0 ml/min. In the range of 20-100 µg/ml, the linearity of lamotrigine shows a correlation co-efficient of 0.9998. The proposed method was validated by determining sensitivity and system suitability parameters.

scholarly journals ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY FRAGMENTATION PATHWAYS OF SALTS OF SOME 1,2,4-TRIAZOLYLTHIOACETATE ACIDS, THE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Varynskyi Borys ◽  
Kaplaushenko Andriy ◽  
Parchenko Vladymyr
Keyword(s):  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Ionization Source ◽  
Fragmentation Pathways ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Fragmentation Patterns ◽  
New Compounds

Objective: The goal of this research was to study fragmentation pathways of series salts of 1,2,4-triazolylthioacetate acids. Methods: The study was done in the Electrospray ionization source with single quadrupole mass spectrometer Agilent 6120 after elution through column Zorbax SB-C18, 30 mm × 4.6 mm, 1.8 μm at Agilent 1260 infinity high-performance liquid chromatography system. The series salts of 1,2,4-triazolylthioacetate acids were studied. These salts are active pharmaceutical ingredients of potential or registered pharmaceutical formulations. Results: The mass spectra of corresponding compounds have analyzed. The fragmentation patterns of these compounds decay have proposed. Conclusions: Studying the fragmentation of the indicated substances can be used for detecting the mentioned substances, as well as for confirming the structure of new compounds with the mass spectrum based on the patterns described above.

scholarly journals Aqueous extract from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lauraceae) stem-bark ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATSAMO Albert ◽  
LONTSIE Auscar SONGMENE ◽  
Mireille Flaure METCHI DONFACK ◽  
Omer Bébé NGOUATEU KENFACK ◽  
Télesphore Benoît NGUELEFACK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Reference Drug

Abstract Nephropathies and especially nephrotoxicity has become one of serious cause of life threatening condition, because of intensive exposure to xenobiotic either by environmental pollution or drug abuse. The present study was undertaken to assess the protective effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum stem-bark aqueous extract (AECZ) on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. AECZ was prepared by maceration in water and tested orally at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day to prevent gentamicin induced nephropathies in male Wistar rats. Gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day) was administered for 14 consecutive days by intraperitoneal route, concomitantly with AECZ or silymarin (50 mg/kg/day) used as reference drug. Animal body weight was monitored during the treatment. After the last treatment of the 14 th day, a 24h urine was collected and animals were sacrificed. Blood was collected for the evaluation of hematological and renal function biomarkers. The homogenate of one kidney was used to assess oxidative stress markers and pro-inflammatory cytokine, while the other one was fixed in formaldehyde for histopathological studies. Gentamicin decreased body weight, serum total proteins and calcemia, but increased kidneys relative weight, serum creatinine, urea and uric acid. Moreover, the levels of reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were decreased, while an increase in malondialdehyde, proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) and nitrites were observed in negative control group as compared to normal control. Histological analysis of the kidney revealed the presence of tubular necrosis, glomerular degeneration and macrophage infiltration in gentamicin treated group. All these impairment parameters were prevented by AECZ and silymarin treatments.AECZ has a protective effect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of this extract may highly contribute to its nephroprotective activity.

scholarly journals Use of natural nanobiotechnological input in a pharmaceutical formulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e185922103
Author(s):  
Fabíola Ornellas de Araújo ◽  
Reinaldo Giudicci ◽  
João José Martins Simões de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Natural Formulation

The use of naturally occurring nanobiotechnological inputs is essential for human health and the environment. This research is of fundamental importance, given consumers' current awareness of using more natural, sustainable and healthy pharmaceutical ingredients. Thus, there has been a growing demand for more biocompatible pharmaceutical formulations with the body, which should have on their labels no aggression to nature (environment) and no use of animal testing (USP-2018). Thus, consumers want to direct the benefits that come from nature, among other means of knowledge, to their families. They are seeking to associate the cost of the finished cosmetic product with the benefit it brings to the health of the human body. In this research the continuation of studies of scientists Araújo, Giudici and Sousa, in 2019 a, b and c, which used this patented nanobiotechnological input (USP-2018), was used in the natural formulation of liquid soap.   

Crystal Engineering in the design of New Solid Pharmaceutical Forms with enhanced pharmaceutical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Javier Ellena
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Biological Target ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
And Performance

High-efficiency drugs and pharmaceutical formulations, produced in a sustainable way, and that present a favorable performance are widely required in Public Health. Among the pharmacokinetic properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), the solubility is main variable since it regulate the availability in the biological target. Numerous formulations on the market and in the National Health System (SUS) present serious drawbacks related to quality, manufacture and performance. In general, APIs are delivered in solid formulations and this characteristic represents a challenge for industry and academia since the therapeutic efficiency of and APIs is related to their crystalline structure, i.d structural multiplicity, polymorphism and composition. APIs may exist in different forms presenting different pharmacokinetic profiles. In addition, the characterization of the diversities of solid forms of an IFA, constitutes an innovative strategy to optimize pharmaceutical properties, providing opportunities for the creation of intellectual property and innovation for the country. In this work we will discuss several strategies related to the problem aiming to show the importance in the pharmaceutical area of solid state techniques like crystal engineering.

scholarly journals Stability of Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals at Humid Conditions Can Be Predicted

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Heiner Veith ◽  
Maximilian Zaeh ◽  
Christian Luebbert ◽  
Naír Rodríguez-Hornedo ◽  
Gabriele Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Statistical Associating Fluid Theory ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Fluid Theory ◽  
The Stability

Knowledge of the stability of pharmaceutical formulations against relative humidity (RH) is essential if they are to become pharmaceutical products. The increasing interest in formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients as stable co-crystals (CCs) triggers the need for fast and reliable in-silico predictions of CC stability as a function of RH. CC storage at elevated RH can lead to deliquescence, which leads to CC dissolution and possible transformation to less soluble solid-state forms. In this work, the deliquescence RHs of the CCs succinic acid/nicotinamide, carbamazepine/nicotinamide, theophylline/citric acid, and urea/glutaric acid were predicted using the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT). These deliquescence RH values together with predicted phase diagrams of CCs in water were used to determine critical storage conditions, that could lead to CC instability, that is, CC dissolution and precipitation of its components. The importance of CC phase purity on RH conditions for CC stability is demonstrated, where trace levels of a separate phase of active pharmaceutical ingredient or of coformer can significantly decrease the deliquescence RH. The use of additional excipients such as fructose or xylitol was predicted to decrease the deliquescence RH even further. All predictions were successfully validated by stability measurements at 58%, 76%, 86%, 93%, and 98% RH and 25 °C.

scholarly journals GC-MS analysis of mango stem bark extracts (Mangifera indica L.), Haden variety. Possible contribution of volatile compounds to its health effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Núñez Sellés ◽  
Juan Agüero Agüero ◽  
Lauro Nuevas Paz
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Preparative Column Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
First Time

Abstract Mango stem bark extracts (MSBE) have been used as bioactive ingredients for nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical formulations due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. We performed the MSBE preparative column liquid chromatography, which led to the resolution and identification by GC-MS of 64 volatile compounds: 7 hydrocarbons, 3 alcohols, 1 ether, 3 aldehydes/ketones, 7 phenols, 20 terpenoids (hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives), 9 steroids, 4 nitrogen compounds, and 1 sulphur compound. Major components were β-elemene, α-guaiene, aromadendrene, hinesol, 1-octadecene, β-eudesmol, methyl linoleate, juniper camphor, hinesol, 9-methyl (3β,5α)-androstan-3-ol, γ-sitosterol, β-chamigrene, 2,5-dihydroxymethyl-phenetylalcohol, N-phenyl-2-naphtaleneamine, and several phenolic compounds. The analysis of MSBE, Haden variety, by GC-MS is reported for the first time, which gives an approach to understand the possible synergistic effect of volatile compounds on its antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The identification of relevant bioactive volatile components from MSBE extracts, mainly terpenes from the eudesmane family, will contribute to correlate its chemical composition to previous determined pharmacological effects.

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