scholarly journals Nitrogen balance and mineral nitrogen content in the soil in a long experiment with maize under different systems of N fertilization

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balík ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
M. Zitková
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Lysimetric Waters

The effect of different systems of N fertilization on nitrogen balance and N transformation in the soil was studied in long-term stationary experiments (1991–2002) with successive growing of maize. Average dry matter yield for the control without fertilization in the period 1991–2002 was 11.67 t of dry matter per ha, which was by 2–2.9 t less than for fertilization treatments. Statistically significant differences between the control and fertilization treatments were determined for the first time in the 4th experimental year. Average nitrogen uptake by the aboveground biomass was116 kgN/ha for the control, 162–170 kg N/ha for fertilization treatments. All experimental treatments had a negative balance of N inputs and outputs, and it was –1394 kg N/ha for the control (for 12 experimental years). After the application of mineral fertilizers, a lower content of total carbon and nitrogen was measured in the topsoil compared to the control and treatments with organic fertilization. The changes in the nitrogen regime of soil were characterized by the content of extractable nitrogen and carbon in extractions by 0.01M CaCl2. With respect to the content of mineral nitrogen and easily extractable organic nitrogen and carbon in the topsoil the control was most stable followed by farmyard manure treatment. Soil lysimeters were installed in these experiments (depth60 cm, size0.2 m2). For an eight-year period (1994/2002)11.78 kgN-NO3–/ha were determined in lysimetric waters. These values for fertilization treatments ranged from 21.0 to58.2 kgN-NO3–/ha. Straw application reduced nitrate contents in lysimetric waters.

scholarly journals Balance of potassium in two long-term field experiments with different fertilization treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Balík ◽  
Jindřich Černý ◽  
Martin Kulhánek ◽  
Ondřej Sedlář ◽  
Pavel Suran
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Negative Balance

Balance of potassium (K) was observed in long-term stationary field experiments (21 years) at two sites with different soil and climatic conditions (Luvisol, Cambisol). The following crops were rotated within the trial: potatoes- winter wheat-spring barley. All three crops were grown each year. The trial comprised 6 treatments: (1) no fertilization; (2) farmyard manure; (3) half dose of farmyard manure + nitrogen (N) in mineral nitrogen fertilizers; (4) mineral nitrogen fertilizers; (5) NPK in mineral fertilizers; (6) straw of spring barley + N in mineral nitrogen fertilizers. The recovery rate of potassium from farmyard manure by crops was 24–26%, from mineral fertilizers it was 27–52%. Different fertilization intensities were manifested by significant differences in the content of exchangeable K in soil. Changes in non-exchangeable K (K<sub>ne</sub>) were recorded only at the Luvisol site (850 mg K<sub>ne</sub>/kg), but not at the Cambisol site (3000 mg K<sub>ne</sub>/kg). The maximum negative balance (–2376 kg K/ha/21 years) was recorded at the mineral nitrogen fertilization treatment.

scholarly journals The possibility of using dried organic and organomineral fertilizers as an alternative to farmyard manure in early maturing cauliflower

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Stanislav Boček ◽  
Ivan Malý ◽  
Šárka Patočková
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Ground Mass

Experiments were conducted in field plots to evaluate the effects of three alternative dried organic, or organomineral, fertilizers on yield and quality of the early maturing cauliflower variety, ‘Gameta’. Plots were established in Žabčice (South Moravia, Czech Republic) in 2005–2007. We used the following fertilization treatments: Agormin T, Agro, Dvorecký agroferm, cattle farmyard manure and solo mineral fertilizers, compared to an unfertilized control. All plots, except the control, were fertilized to achieve the same level of nutrients, as determined by the soil analyses and the chosen target yield. We assessed the following traits at harvest: weight of above-ground mass, marketable yield, head weight and head diameter. Levels of ascorbic acid, nitrates, dry matter and mineral ions (potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium) were measured in the heads. Agormin T significantly increased the weight of above-ground mass and total marketable yield. All organic fertilizers significantly increased head weight and head diameter in comparison to both the unfertilized control and mineral fertilizers. Ascorbic acid levels were not significantly affected by the fertilizers. The highest value of ascorbic acid was observed for farmyard manure, the lowest for Dvorecký agroferm. Dried fertilizers had no positive effect on ascorbic acid levels and total solids, as compared to farmyard manure. In contrast, Agormin T resulted in significantly lower levels of dry matter. Solo mineral fertilization resulted in the highest levels of nitrates in cauliflower heads. Fertilization with Agro and farmyard manure significantly increased the levels of nitrates in heads, as compared to the control, but all values were under the hygienic limit. The different fertilizer treatments did not have any significant effects on the levels of mineral cations. The dried granulated fertilizers Agormin T, Agro and Dvorecký agroferm were shown to be good alternatives to bulky farmyard manure for early ripening cauliflower. Only Agormin T decreased the dry matter content in heads.

scholarly journals Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in Santa Inês lambs: impact on feed digestibility, blood markers, and nitrogen balance

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tairon Pannunzio Dias-Silva ◽  
Adibe Luiz Abdalla Filho ◽  
Luciana Morita Katiki ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Adibe Luiz Abdalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection on the hemato-biochemical parameters, feed digestibility, and nitrogen balance in Santa Inês lambs. Eighteen three-month-old Santa Ines castrated male lambs (16.9 ± 1.43 kg of body weight) were randomly distributed in two experimental treatments: infected with T. colubriformis (I, n = 9) and uninfected (U, n = 9). The I group received a total of 45,000 L3 larvae of T. colubriformis (5,000 infective larvae, three times per week, for three weeks). During the experimental period, blood, feed digestibility, and nitrogen balance were evaluated. The I lambs showed a reduction in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and total proteins, as well as an increase in platelets and eosinophils compared to those in the U group (p < 0.05). With the exception of total protein content, these values were within the normal range for the species. Furthermore, lower dry matter and organic matter digestibility were observed in the I lambs (p = 0.08). The present findings highlight that T. colubriformis infection has the potential to impair some hemato-biochemical parameters as well as feed digestibility in lambs, which could affect their productivity.

scholarly journals Influence of fertilizers, including biomodified ones, on the balance of nutrients in the soil and yield capacity in crop rotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00041
Author(s):  
Galina Saidasheva ◽  
Alevtina Kulikova ◽  
Sergey Nikitin ◽  
Alexander Lashchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Negative Balance

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of mineral, biomodified mineral fertilizers and BisolbiFit biologics on the balance of basic nutrients in soil under fallow crops. According to the results of correlation and regression analysis, the total removal (grain plus straw) of basic nutrients strongly depended on the level of grain yield. The increase in grain yield from 2.85 to 3.45 t/ha was accompanied by an increase in the total removal of nitrogen from 73.6 to 130.1 kg/ha, phosphorus – from 30.8 to 68.4 kg/ha, and potassium – from 41.6 to 74.0 kg/ha. The balance of basic nutrients depended not only on the grain yield, but also on the doses of fertilizers applied. For all variants of the experiment, the nitrogen balance was consistently reduced from –55.4 to –22.1 kg/ha as the yield increased from 2.85 to 3.45 t/ha. The phosphorus balance decreased from –52.4 to –30.8 kg/ha, and its negative balance increased from background 1 (zero) to background 3 (½ NH4NO3m). The balance of potassium, as well as the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus, was negative for all variants of the experiment, and decreased from –60.9 to –40.0 kg/ha.

scholarly journals The Development of Winter Wheat Yield and Quality under Different Fertilizer Regimes and Soil-Climatic Conditions in the Czech Republic

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Ladislav Menšík ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Farmers must adapt to the changes brought about by the changing climate and market requirements. These adaptations are associated with fertilization—the availability of organic manures and mineral fertilizers and crop rotations. What is the effect of organic manures on wheat and soil? Is it necessary to apply mineral phosphorus P and potassium (K) fertilizers to the wheat? These questions are frequently asked in workshops in different growing areas. To provide a relevant answer on this issue, we evaluated how farmyard manure (FYM), mineral nitrogen (N) applied without phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers, and application of NPK affected grain yield, grain quality, and soil properties under different soil-climate conditions (Ivanovice—Chernozem, Caslav—Phaeozem, Lukavec—Cambisol) between 2015 and 2018. The FYM significantly increased grain yield even after three years since being applied and incorporated into the soil in all localities, but its application didnot affect grain quality. In the soil, the FYM significantly increased total nitrogen Nt, P, and K content in all localities and oxidable carbon Cox content in two localities. Mineral nitrogen significantly affected grain yield and quality and increased concentrations of soil N and C, but decreased pH in Caslav. Application of mineral P and K wasnot connected with a positive effect on grain yield and quality, but increased the concentration of these elements in the soil, preventing depletion of these elements from the soil. Maximal yields were recorded when 70–98 kg N ha−1 was applied in Ivanovice, 55–72 kg N ha−1 in Caslav, and 155 kg N ha−1 in Lukavec.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mineral N Fertilization and Bradyrhizobium japonicum Seed Inoculation on Productivity of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Jerzy Księżak ◽  
Jolanta Bojarszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Glycine Max L

Soybean yields can be considerably improved by inoculation with selected Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and fertilization. The aim of this study was to assess the productivity of two soybean cultivars depending on the applied N mineral fertilizers and seed inoculation with B. japonicum. The study showed that on average, for both cultivars, the soybean yield was most favorably affected by the combined use of inoculation and nitrogen fertilization (increase in seed yield by 42%, protein yield by about 28%). The application of mineral nitrogen at the dose of 30 or 60 kg·ha−1 allowed the increase in the seed yield by about 17% and protein content by about 14% compared to the control. Inoculation of soybean seeds with B. japonicum increased the yield of soybeans by about 20%, proteins by about 10% compared to the control, and inoculation of Hi®Stick Soy favored a better yield than Nitragina. Inoculation of seeds with Nitragina or Hi®Stick Soy and fertilization with mineral nitrogen increased the content of protein and fiber in seeds of both soybean cultivars, as well as reduced the amount of ash and fat. The seeds of cv. Aldana had a higher amount of protein and ash than cv. Annushka, but a similar amount of fat and fiber.

TRANSFORMATION FEATURES OF THE DRAINED PEAT-PODZOL GLEY SOILS UNDER LONG-TERM AGRICULTURAL USE

1970 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
V. А. Shevchenko ◽  
A. V. Nefedov ◽  
A. V. Ilinskiy ◽  
А. Е. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plough Layer

Long-term observations of the drained soil of peat-podzolic-gley light loam on ancient alluvial sands state on the example of the meliorative object "Tinky-2" showed that under the influence of agricultural use in the soil, the organic matter mineralization processes are accelerated. During the drainage process, the soil evolutionarily suffered the following changes: the peat layer was compacted, humified and mineralized, which was a reason of the transformation them into the humus horizon. Based on the monitoring studies results it was established that during 21 intensive use years the peat layer thickness was decreased by 74.5% and amounted to 5.51 inch, which in the following 20 years was decreased to a layer of 1.18 inch, and for another 14 years it became a homogeneous humus horizon containing difficulty identifiable plant remains. For half a century, the bulk density increased by 6 times and the total moisture capacity of the soil decreased by 3.6 times. Other indicators were changed significantly. So, the ash content by 2016 increased from 11.2% to 52.7%. It was a reason of the plough-layer decreasing and it mixes with the mineral sand horizon during plowing. It should also be noted that the total nitrogen content in the soil decreased by 1.13%, and total carbon by 15.3% from 1982 to 2016. The dynamics of changes in the soil acidity, phosphorus and potassium content is associated with the introduction of calcareous, organic and mineral fertilizers in the 1980s. The unsystematic exploitation of such soils leads to decrease in the agricultural products productivity and increase in energy costs. When planning these soils usage in agricultural production, it is necessary to develop and implement modern melioration technologies and techniques aimed to increase soil fertility.

Agricultural practices of improve hardiness a winter-annual rape

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
O.L. Kyrylesko
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Output Capacity ◽  
Careful Preparation ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Selection Of

Influence of top-dressing is considered in the article, norms and terms of sowing on of winter-annual rape. The assessment conducted by the yield of green mass and seeds, output capacity by about 1 hectare of dry matter, feed units and digestible protein, the number of dead plants and density of herbage. Established that hardiness and productivity of winter rape can be enhanced through the use of farming practices as: by creating a moderate density of herbage, using optimal terms of planting and doses of mineral fertilizers, selection of predecessors and careful preparation of the soil ect. The mechanism of influence of agrotechnical receptions is exposed on of winter-annual rape through determination in roots before the offensive of the winter of separate biochemical indexes (sugar, starch, to protein).

Effects of Liming and Fertilization on the Dehydrogenase and Catalase Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3464-3468
Author(s):  
Alina Dora Samuel ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Ilona Katalin Fodor ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Cristian Felix Blidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Npk Fertilization

In this paper we provide new data about the soil enzyme activity as a biological process, which is an indicator for impacts of factorial combinations of lime and fertilizers applications. Five plots divided into fifteen subplots were sampled for determination of the enzymatic indicators of soil quality, based on the actual and potential dehydrogenase and catalase activities. The research revealed that limed soil samples, in comparison with unlimed ones, resulted in significantly higher soil enzymatic activities (p[0.05) in the upper (0-20 cm), while in the deeper (20-40 cm) layer, only catalase activity was significantly higher (at least at p[0.02). Mineral fertilization, in comparison with its farmyard manuring, led to an insignificant increase in each of the three enzymatic activities determined, excepting catalase activity which was significantly higher (0.05]p]0.02) in the 0-20 cm layer. Based on the absolute values of the enzymatic activities, the enzymatic indicators of soil quality (EISQ) were calculated. The mineral NPK-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 0-20 cm layer, and mineral NP-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 20-40 cm layer proved to be the best variants of fertilization. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality in these variants reached the highest values: EISQ=0.821 and EISQ=0.889, respectively, indicating the presence of high enzymatic activities. It should be emphasized that a balanced application of lime, mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure leads to the formation of favorable conditions for the development of microorganisms, growth of plants and for an intense and lasting enzymatic activity.

Effects of Long Term Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Enzymes

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2608-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Dora Samuel ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Carmen Elena Melinte (Frunzulica) ◽  
Lavinia Purza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Long term productivity and conservation of soils is critical for sustaining agricultural ecosystems. The specific objective of the work reported was to determine the effects of long term application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil enzyme activity as an index of soil biology and biochemistry. Three key soil enzymes involved in intracellular metabolism of microorganisms and two soil enzymes involved in phosphorus metabolism were selected. Actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in the 0-20 cm layer of an eroded soil submitted to a complex fertilization experiment. Results showed that addition of mineral fertilizers to organic (green manure and farmyard manure) fertilizers led to a significant increase in each activity because of increased plant biomass production which upon incorporation stimulates soil biological activity. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality calculated from the values of enzymatic activities depending on the kind of fertilizers showed that by the determination of enzymatic activities valuable information can be obtained regarding fertility status of soils. A weak positive correlation between enzymatic indicators of soil quality and maize yield was established. The yield data demonstrate the superiority of farmyard manure which provided greater stability in crop production. Substantial improvement in soil biological activity due to application of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers contribute in maintaining the productivity and soil health.

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