Parasitocenosis of pigs and parasite control

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
S.N. Vodyanitskaya ◽  
◽  
V.V. Evdokimov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Univer Sity ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

ПАРАЗИТОЦЕНОЗЫ СВИНЕЙ И БОРЬБА С НИМИ Parasitocenosis of pigs and parasite control. Vodyanitskaya S.N. Evdokimov V.V. FGBOU VO "Belgorod agrarian Univer-sity named after V. Gorin" Infectious and invasive diseases cause huge economic damage to pig farming, among which a large proportion is occupied by diseases caused by protozoa and hel-minths. These infestations can lead not only to death and forced slaughter, but also to a significant slowdown in the growth and de-velopment of animals. Eimeriosis and iso-sporosis of pigs are widespread diseases characterized by lesions of the small and large intestine. The pathogens of the disease are up to 15 species of Eimeria and 3 species of isospores. The most susceptible to the disease are pigs from ten days of age to two months of age. Older pigs also get sick, but in a mild form. The most severe diseases occur when combined infestations of proto-zoa and intestinal nematodes. A total of 1,330 pigs (suckling pigs, weaning pigs, rearing pigs, gestating and suckling sows) were examined in different seasons of the year. Coproscopy of Eimeria oocysts and nematode eggs was performed using the double centrifugation method, and balantidia were detected in a native smear. The extent of infestation (EI) was deter-mined by detecting parasites in 30 fecal sam-ples, and the intensity of infestation (AI) was determined by counting them in 20 fields of view of the microscope. The species of coc-cidia was determined by the determinant of parasitic protozoa, and helminth eggs were determined by an improved method of dou-ble centrifugation. The article presents study data of mixed intestinal infestations of pigs. It was found that most often animals become infected with eimeria, isospores, balantidium and roundworms. These parasites are found in groups of pigs of different ages, both sin-gly and in combination. The season, age and their place of detention affect the extent of the invasion. The timely implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures on pig farms leads to a decrease in the manifesta-tion of associative animals’ diseases. A se-lective ovoscopic examination of pigs of all age groups once a season helps to prevent the spread of invasion on the farm.

scholarly journals Influence of seasonality on the presence of okadaic acid associated with Dinophysis species: A four-year study in Sardinia (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro G. Mudadu ◽  
Anna Maria Bazzoni ◽  
Riccardo Bazzardi ◽  
Giuseppa Lorenzoni ◽  
Barbara Soro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Toxic Algae ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Lipophilic Toxins ◽  
Production Areas

In Sardinia (Italy), bivalve molluscs production plays an important role in the trade balance. Diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), an intoxication caused by the ingestion of bivalve molluscs that have accumulated high levels of Okadaic acid (OA), may represent a serious risk for the public health and a remarkable economic loss for the producers. Aim of this work was to improve knowledge about the repeatability of OA accumulation phenomena in various seasons trying to understand whether or not there was a trend. Also, the interaction between toxic algae and OA accumulation was examined. In this study, data of lipophilic toxins, water temperature and abundance of DSP-producing microalgal species were collected in a four-year period (2015–2018) in coastal production areas of Sardinia. Several episodes of OA positive values (>160 eq μgAO/Kg pe, Reg 853/04) were recorded during the study period in different production areas of Sardinia and in different seasons. A seasonal repeatability of OA accumulation in molluscs was observed in some production areas; moreover, different temporal gaps between the presence of toxic algae and OA accumulation were reported. Toxicity was observed almost exclusively in Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark (99%), being this matrix the most abundant species bred in Sardinia.

scholarly journals Association of type of tuberculosis with treatment outcome among paediatric tuberculosis patients in Bhopal city

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4205
Author(s):  
Sheloj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Paediatric Tuberculosis

Background: Tuberculosis causes ill-health among millions of people each year and ranks as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide, after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).The younger the child, the more are the chances of complications and death from the disease. The objective of the study was to find out the association of type of tuberculosis with the treatment outcome of paediatric TB patients registered under RNTCP in Bhopal city.Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in all tuberculosis treatment units (TU) of Bhopal city. All paediatric patients in the age group of 0 to 14 years diagnosed as TB and registered under RNTCP and fulfilling inclusion criteria during January 2013 to June 2013 were included in the study. Data regarding paediatric TB patients was collected by using a structured questionnaire. Information was also obtained in two subsequent visits of the patient, one at the end of intensive phase to know the response of treatment and other at the end of the treatment for treatment outcome. The data was analysed on statistical software SPSS vs.20.Results: The present study was conducted on 165 paediatric Tuberculosis patients who were registered for DOTS treatment under RNTCP. Pulmonary TB is common in all the age group of <1 and 1-10 years. Out of 165 paediatric patients,93.33% of patients were treatment completed in which 54.54% were pulmonary cases and 45.45% were extra pulmonary while 4.84% were declared cured, thus showing statistically significant association (X2=9.758 and p=0.04, df=4) between type of Tuberculosis and treatment outcome.Conclusions: Pulmonary TB is common in the age groups of <1 and 1-10 years while in 11-14 years of age group extra pulmonary TB is more common. There is statistically significant association between type of Tuberculosis and treatment outcome. 

scholarly journals Influence of seasonal changes on the karyotype stability of Ukrainian Black and White dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (93) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
N. Y. Temekh ◽  
L. F. Starodub
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Structural Disorders ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Karyotype Stability

Of the total dairy cattle, 49 % belong to the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed. Animals are demanding to the conditions of detention, so the aim of the study was to study the impact of seasonal changes in the environment on the stability of the karyotype of cows of three age groups (first-born, adult and cows 8–10 years). The variability of the karyotype of the studied animals in different seasons of the year was manifested in the form of quantitative and structural disorders of chromosomes. Of the total dairy cattle, 49 % belong to the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed. Animals are demanding to the conditions of detention, so the aim of the study was to study the impact of seasonal changes in the environment on the stability of the karyotype of cows of three age groups (first-born, adult and cows 8–10 years). The variability of the karyotype of the studied animals in different seasons of the year was manifested in the form of quantitative and structural disorders of chromosomes. In primiparous women, the most pronounced genomic variability (aneuploidy) was observed in summer and winter and was 16.4 % and 8.8 %. In summer, this variability was more than twice the limit of spontaneous chromosomal variability. The highest percentage of structural chromosome abnormalities (chromosomal breaks) in cows of three age groups was observed in winter and was 2.5 %, 2.8 %, 3.0 %, respectively, and did not exceed the limit of spontaneous mutagenesis characteristic of cattle. An increased proportion of lymphocytes with a micronucleus in first-borns and cows aged 8–10 years (5.6 ‰, 6.4 ‰, respectively) was observed in the summer. The increased proportion of dinuclear lymphocytes appeared in the first-born in the summer season and amounted to 7.6 ‰ (at P > 0.99), and in cows 8–10 years, this variability in the summer season was 6.2 ‰, in winter – 6.7 ‰ with a statistically significant difference (P > 0.95) between the spontaneous level of cytogenetic variability. The association between karyotype stability of the studied animals and seasonal environmental factors was determined using a correlation coefficient (r). A significant positive correlation was found between aneuploidy and air temperature in primiparous and cows aged 8–10 years, relative humidity, precipitation and wind strength and chromosomal gaps in primiparous and adult cows, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and asynchronous divergence. in adult cows and cows aged 8–10 years. A positive reliable associative dependence of the appearance of micronucleus lymphocytes and dinuclear lymphocytes on the amount of precipitation and wind strength in this area in primiparous and adult cows was established.

scholarly journals Diet and dietetics in al-Andalus

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (S1) ◽  
pp. S100-S104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
Maria D. Huetos-Solano ◽  
Pilar García-Lorda ◽  
Mònica Bulló
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Classical Greece ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Al-Andalus society (711–1492) based its idea of health on the wisdom of Classical Greece, the Hippocratic–Galenic theories, as well as the Persian and Hindu cultures. The twelfth century in al-Andalus is considered to be the most prolific period for works of a scientific and technical nature. At the time, the main treatises on dietetics were written and this science reached its widest expression with such leading figures as Ibn Wāfīd, Avenzoar, Averroes and Maimonides, whose works revealed the first scientific knowledge on the nutritional processes of the human body. Diet was regarded as being essential for health and the prevention of disease. Dietary guidelines were written for different age groups, different body types and different seasons of the year. The amount of food to be ingested, the number of meals recommended and the order in which the food should be consumed were all issues that were discussed. A variety of foods were thought to have medicinal properties, some of which are known today. The diet in al-Andalus was varied and very probably made a substantial contribution to the origin of the present-day Mediterranean diet, rich in olive oil, wholemeal cereals, fruit and vegetables, fish, lamb, poultry, nuts and spices. We also find that many of the terms in current use in diet and agriculture are a living testimony to the Arabic influence, as are many of the dishes of our varied Mediterranean gastronomy.

scholarly journals Distribution of horses` arachnoentomoses

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Larysa Lazorenko ◽  
Yulia Negrebа ◽  
Vadym Pavlovsky
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Head Neck

The article presents the results of a study of the distribution and seasonal dynamics of arachnoentomoses of horses. Arachnoses and entomoses - invasive diseases caused by arthropods - ticks and insects, temporary and permanent parasites of animals, causing enormous economic damage to horse breeding. Horses can be parasitized by subcutaneous mosquitoes - oviparous and live-bearing two-winged insects that parasitize in the larval stage. The aim of the research was to study the distribution of arachnoentomoses of horses in farms of different forms of ownership depending on the season. The research was conducted during 2019-2020 on horses of different breeds and age groups in the farm STOV "Victoria" of Krasnopil district and private farms of Sumy region. In order to detect entoparasites and endoparasites in horses, diagnostic studies (epizootological, clinical and laboratory) were performed. A total of 68 animals of different age groups were studied. Extensiveness and intensity of chorioptosis and sarcoptosis invasion were determined by the mortal method using 10% sodium hydroxide solution. To the scrapes taken from the affected areas of the skin was added a 10% solution of sodium hydroxide, moved and left for 30 minutes. to soften the crusts. Then the material was placed in small portions on a glass slide and examined under a microscope at low magnification. Extensiveness and intensity of hematopinosis invasion were determined during examination of horses on the skin, in the neck, shoulders, tail found eggs, larvae and adult lice. In turn, bloodsuckers were found during the examination on the snout, head, neck, ears, sides of the animal. Detected insects were examined with a magnifying glass. The most common arachnoentomoses of horses have been found to be hematopinosis, hypoboscosis, chorioptosis, and sarcoptosis. According to the results of our research, we found larvae eggs and mature insects in 20% of the studied animals. According to morphological features, a species affiliation was established - lice Haematopinus asini of the family Haematopinidae. In some animals, the intensity of the invasion reached 2-3 copies. parasites per 1 dm² body area of the animal. Also during the examination of horses on the snout, head, neck, ears, sides of 8% of animals were found bloodsuckers Nurrobosca equina family Hyppoboscidae. The intensity of the invasion in some animals reached 3-4 copies. parasites per 1 dm² body area of the animal. In addition to Chorioptes egui mites, Sarcoptes equi mites of the Sarcoptidae family were found in the scrapings studied. The extent of the invasion was 4.5%, and the intensity was 3 specimens of mites in the field of view of the microscope. Acariform mites of the species Chorioptes egui were found in the study of horse skin scrapings. Characteristic features of this species are the presence of long bristles that cover almost the entire body. The extent of the invasion was 8.3%, and the intensity was 2 specimens of mites in the field of view of the microscope. It was found that the peak of hematopinosis invasion occurs in the autumn-winter period of 28% and 19%, while in the spring-summer period this figure was 7% and 2%, respectively. Nurrobosca equine was found only in the summer. Simultaneous parasitization of Haematopinus asini lice and chorioptes mites was detected in horses. Acarosis chorioptosis and sarcoptosis reached the peak of invasion in the autumn-winter period of 20% and 22% and 8% and 7%, respectively.  

scholarly journals Composite index of anthropometric failure among under 5 children attending the Immunoprophylaxis clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Abhijit Kherde ◽  
Chaitanya R. Patil ◽  
Jyotsna Deshmukh ◽  
Prithvi B. Petkar
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Under nutrition is a global public health problem. There are numerous methods of assessment of malnutrition among which CIAF is the most recent, relatively robust since it envisages all the parameters for estimation of nutritional status of the children. So, this study was conducted to find the rates of composite index of anthropometric failure in the children attending the Immunoprophylaxis clinic in a tertiary care hospital of Nagpur and to find associations with the socio demographic variables.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Immunoprophylaxis clinic of a tertiary care institute in Nagpur from September 2016 to January 2017. The study subjects were the children attending the OPD of Immunoprophylaxis clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Necessary permissions were taken before the start of the study. Data was collected using pretested and pre-designed questionnaire. Height and weight were measured using standard guidelines and categorized into groups of CIAF as described by Nandy et al.Results: A total of 460 study subjects were enrolled in the study. The mean age group of the study subjects was 2.47±1.56 years. According to the grades of CIAF, 48.51% were having no failure. Age and gender were factors which were associated with failure status by CIAF.Conclusions: We found high rates of anthropometric failure in our study. The age groups less than 3 years had higher odds of being in failure when compared to more than 3 years age. Further, males had higher odds of being into failure when compared to females. Community based studies are recommended.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Neurologic Assessment in Recovery and Treatment Phase Acrylamide Exposure in Ageing Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
O. N. Ilochi ◽  
A. N. Chuemere
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Exposure Phase ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Acrylamide is a chemical that naturally forms in starchy food products during every day high temperature cooking. The ingredients, storage and processing conditions greatly influence acrylamide formation in food.  Home-cooking choices can have a substantial impact on the level of acrylamide humans are exposed to through the diet. This study scientifically determined the neurologic impact of acrylamide treatment and recovery in male wistar rats of different ages. A total of 20 male wistar rats were randomly sampled into 4 groups aged 45, 60, 75 and 90 days. The treatment dose was 50 mg/kg of acrylamide for 7 days. The study duration was 15 days with 2 phases; day 1 to 7 for exposure phase and day 8 to 14 as recovery phase after acrylamide exposure. Neurologic tests performed include open field test (OFT), buried reward test (BRT) and hand grip test (HGT). The study data was statistically significant at a confidence interval less or equal to 95%. Acrylamide adversely affected the tested physiologic responses in all ages during the phase of exposure. The distance covered and escape attempts were significantly reduced        in all ages during acrylamide exposure phase with significant recovery in 45 and 60 days old animals. Group 45 and 60 days old animals had a wider field area during recovery phase but no observed improvement in exploratory behavior in ages 75 and 90 days. Olfactory and neuromuscular function was significantly improved in all age groups during recovery, however, the response of ages 45, 60 and 75 were similar during recovery. In this study, Acrylamide caused manifestations typical of a neurotoxic agent. The neurologic effect of acrylamide may be reversed if exposure period with the studied dose is within 7 days. Recovery in cognitive, exploratory, emotional, olfactory and neuromuscular function may be dependent on age during exposure.

scholarly journals PARASITOSIS OF YOUNG CATTLE IN FARMS OF THE CENTRAL AND URAL REGIONS OF RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 564-569
Author(s):  
Safiullin ◽  
Shibitov
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Parasitic Protozoa ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Buxtonella Sulcata ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Distribution of the main intestinal parasitic protozoa of young cattle: ameri (Eimeria spp.), Cryptosporidium (Criptosporidium parvum), buxtonell (Buxtonella sulcata) was studied in 2016–2018 in cattle farms of the Central and Ural regions of Russia. With the interrogative methods of Fülleborn and Darling and successive washes in different seasons of the year, we examined 20 animals of different age groups. Studies conducted in different regions of Russia showed that calves up to 6 months of age were infected with Eimeria from 20 to 45%, AI – 720 specimens, in young animals up to 1 year of age, EI of the eymeria invasion ranged from 40–52%, AI – 1305 specimens, buxtonella EI from 26 to 32% in young animals up to 2 years of age, EI of Eimeria invasion ranged from 30 to 36%, AI – 916 specimens, buxtonella EI – 28–40%. In heifers and cows, the EI of the Eimeric invasion ranged from 16.3 to 23.2%, the AI was 680 specimens, and the buxtonella EI ranged from 25.6 to 37.2%. The results of the research showed that three species of Eimeria parasitize the farms of the Moscow Region in young cattle: Eimeria ellipsoidalis (55%), E. bovis(30%), E. zuernii (15%), and mixed invasion, which was represented by a different combination of them. The most contaminated parasitic simplest invasive elements of the environment in premises for keeping animals are the floor and walls of cells, machine tools.

scholarly journals Possible Factors Affecting Pre-School Children's Irregular Posture Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (118) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Laura Daniusevičiūtė-Brazaitė ◽  
Rūta Beistarytė
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Study Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interactive Games ◽  
Posture Assessment

Background. A review of the health and physical activity of children and teenagers in Lithuania over the last twenty years has shown that many aspects of pupil physical capacity have deteriorated between 1992 and 2012 (Venckunas, Emeljanovas, Mieziene, & Volbekiene, 2017). Also research has shown that musculoskeletal disorders were most commonly found in children aged 4 to 6 years (Daniusevičiutė-Brazaitė & Grėbliauskienė, 2019). Therefore, if these negative trends continue, the growing health problems will pose a greater threat to human well-being and become a serious financial burden for the state and society. Currently technologies are an integral part of everyday life, so the need for interactive games or animated programs cannot be doubted. Research (Lobel, Engels, Stone, Burk, & Granic, 2017) has shown that the use of play-based intervention for children significantly improves fine and visual motor performance. Hence, it is important to identify the possible factors affecting pre-school children’s irregular posture formation. Methods. The study included 377 preschool children from 4 to 6 years old. Three evaluations were performed in the study: posture (using W. K. Hoeger posture assessment methodology), abdominal and back muscle endurance, and balance (Arcinavičius,, Kesminas, & Milčarek, 2004). Results. Assessing the results of the shoulder position of 5-year-old children, results showed that only 16% had good shoulder posture, satisfactory – 74%, bad – 10%. Age was found to have no effect on posture assessment results. According to the study, balance, back, and abdominal functional capacity were better in 6-year-old children. Conclusion. After analyzing 4-year old children group torso, abdomen, lower spine and legs, we can see that a higher percentage of children had a satisfactory posture in the aforementioned body parts. According to the posture results, the most abnormal part of the body was the abdomen. The study data showed that 6-year-old subjects’ balance, lower spine and abdominal performance were better compared to other age groups. Keywords: preschool child, physical activity, posture.

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