Retrospective-geographical analysis of the formation and change of the state of ponds of the Volyn Region in the XIX-XXI centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Ivan Grytsiuk ◽  
Eugen Ivanov ◽  
Ivan Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Historical Periods

The main retrospective-geographical (historical) stages of ponds formation in the Volyn Region are considered – initial, early (manufactory), industrial and modern (agrarian, post-industrial). In order to analyse conditions and functioning of the region’s pond farms we used topographic maps for four historical periods: Commonwealth of Poland historical atlas (scale 1 : 300,000, early ХІХ century), Russian Empire (scale 1 : 126,000, 1875), Polish (scale 1 : 100,000, 1924-1933) and Soviet maps (scale 1 : 100,000, 1977-1992). They reflect the trend of changes in the parameters and functioning of the existing ponds in the Volyn Region over the last 220 years. Landscape-hydrological systems were selected for geospatial analysis of location features of the ponds and water mills within the Volyn Region. Overall, 19 individual landscape-hydrological systems were established. An exponential increase in the number of ponds in early and industrial stages was identified, considering some decreases in particular historical periods. The number of ponds in the region varied from 76 (in the 1970s) to 625 units (1970-80s). A clear, almost linear, increase in ponds total area was observed. During the studied historical period, the area of ponds increased from 1,553.7 to 4,242.4 ha. The highest concentration of pond farms is specific to the landscape-hydrological systems of the Volyn Highland, especially to the Stir-III sub-basins (29.9 % of the total count in the region), Luga-III and Goryn-III. At the same time, a gradual decrease in the average area of a pond – from 20.44 (in the 70s of the XIX century) to 6.28 ha (70-80 years of the XX century) was shown. The considerable number of ponds in the rural areas of the Volyn Region is an important factor in the creation of new work places, recreation areas, diversification of agricultural products and feed base.

scholarly journals Returning home to die: Circular labour migration and mortality in South Africa 1

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (69_suppl) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Clark ◽  
Mark A. Collinson ◽  
Kathleen Kahn ◽  
Kyle Drullinger ◽  
Stephen M. Tollman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Working Age

Aim: To examine the hypothesis that circular labour migrants who become seriously ill while living away from home return to their rural homes to convalesce and possibly to die. Methods: Drawing on longitudinal data collected by the Agincourt health and demographic surveillance system in rural northeastern South Africa between 1995 and 2004, discrete time event history analysis is used to estimate the likelihood of dying for residents, short-term returning migrants, and long-term returning migrants controlling for sex, age, and historical period. Results: The annual odds of dying for short-term returning migrants are generally 1.1 to 1.9 times (depending on period, sex, and age) higher than those of residents and long-term returning migrants, and these differences are generally highly statistically significant. Further supporting the hypothesis is the fact that the proportion of HIV/TB deaths among short-term returning migrants increases dramatically as time progresses, and short-term returning migrants account for an increasing proportion of all HIV/TB deaths. Conclusions: This evidence strongly suggests that increasing numbers of circular labour migrants of prime working age are becoming ill in the urban areas where they work and coming home to be cared for and eventually to die in the rural areas where their families live. This shifts the burden of caring for them in their terminal illness to their families and the rural healthcare system with significant consequences for the distribution and allocation of health care resources.

Urban and Rural Logistics and Distribution System Based on Supply and Marketing Cooperatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1468-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Huang ◽  
Hao Xiang Jia ◽  
Philippe Roiseux Racine
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Supply And Marketing Cooperatives ◽  
Marketing Cooperatives

China is a vast country with 800 million farmers. An amelioration of their general living condition is a pressing issue. In China, it is not uncommon to encounter lower grain price due to the delays in their transportation. There are many reasons for the low living standards in rural areas, the obsolete rural logistic system, especially regarding agricultural products, is obviously one of them. Recently, to improve logistics development conditions of China's agricultural products, every levels of government increased rural logistics investment in construction projects; however, there are still delay issues from the productions centers to the urban areas. This paper looks the breaks in the logistics chain by studying the current distribution style, and proposes logistics system based on supply and marketing cooperatives in order to improve the existing system.

scholarly journals A Study on the Impact of Schemes and Programmes of Government of India on Agriculture to Increase Productivity, Profitability, Financial Inclusion, and Welfare of Farmers to Transform them into Modern Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-243
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. M. ◽  
P. S. Aithal ◽  
Sharma K. R. S.
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The foremost intent of this research article is to create awareness about various schemes for the productive sector of agriculture. Through this study, the level of performance of these agricultural schemes and programmes were analysed that will be helpful for the attainment of financial inclusion. Hence it is necessary to know about various schemes and their making to connect the beneficiaries. Agriculture is the basic source of food supply, production, processing, promotion and distribution. Agricultural products contribute to Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) and generate employment in rural areas. They transform the lives of the farmers in modern society. The government of India has introduced Minimum Support Price (MPS), MIF, PMKSY, PMFBY, e-NAM, PM-KISAN, PMJDY, PM-KUSUM, PKVY, NAMS, and MGNREGS. The mobile app KisanSuvidha and innovative programmes like Kisan Rail, KrishiUdaan double the farmers’ Income (DFI). These help in transforming village economy, coverage of irrigation, crop insurance, and stabilizing the income. They also ensure financial support, flow of credit and Direct Benefit transfer of subsidies and funds to beneficiaries. Adopting modern technology, farm-based activity, poultry, dairy, forestry, beekeeping and with the support of SHGs which will directly impact productivity, profitability, financial inclusion, and the welfare of farmers in the 21st century and development of the country’s economy. Design/ methodology/approaches: This study is all about the theoretical concepts based on analysis of various schemes and interconnect. Findings and results: This study reveals that the effectiveness of various agricultural programs and also identifies the benefits and beneficiaries of these schemes. Under this research, various financial services, subsidies, funds released, online platform for agricultural products, funds for micro-irrigation, and so on benefits provided by the government of India were studied. Originality/value: Analysed the various schemes and compelled its beneficiaries and develop a modern to achieve financial inclusion and economic growth through the study. Type of Paper: Research Analysis.

scholarly journals PARTICIPATION OF PEASANTS OF THE SIMBIRSK VOLGA REGION IN REVOLUTIONARY AND TERRORIST ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY THE SOCIALIST REVOLUTIONARY PARTY (1905–1907)

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Mankov
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Revolutionary Party ◽  
Significant Phenomenon ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

In the second half of the XIX century, revolutionary terrorism emerged in the territory of the Russian Empire. This particular kind of socio-political violence was promoted in those years by some populist groups that worked primarily in Moscow and St. Petersburg, for example, the Ishutin circle, which consisted mainly of students. One of its participants, a former student D. Karakozov, shot at the Russian Emperor Alexander II 155 years ago in April 1866 in St. Petersburg. The most famous “revolutionary terrorists” of Russia were members of the largest Russian opposition political organization of the XIX century, “Narodnaya Volya”, most of whom were, as one used to say then, raznochinets. Revolutionary terrorism in the empire reached its peak in the first years of the XX century (1902–1907), when it became part of the strategy and tactics of a number of opposition political parties and organizations of neo-populist orientation. They acted both in the national regions of the country (Little Russia, Transcaucasia) and in Russian capitals and regions. First of all, this has to do with the All-Russian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs). At the same time, in the territory of the Russian provinces in the era of brutal revolutionary terrorism in the country, not only the Socialist revolutionaries had their revolutionary-terrorist (combat) formations. So, during this period, terrorist units were created by the SR Maximalists who left the party during the First Russian Revolution and contributed to the ideological and organizational split of the Social Revolutionaries. In the same years, various anarchist structures had combat organizations. Having become a significant phenomenon of the socio-political life of a huge country, terrorism drew representatives of different social groups of the population into its practice. What was the role of the peasantry in the Socialist-Revolutionary terror? The author gives examples where the peasants of the Simbirsk Volga region took part in carrying out terrorist attacks. The researcher concludes that Russian peasants were among the active participants in combat units, which is clearly seen in the examples of combat structures of Simbirsk provincial organization of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, in the ranks of which, for example, in rural areas, there were combat squads consisting mainly of peasants.

scholarly journals Social and Economic Potential of Reclamation Development of Agroindustrial Complex of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 03018
Author(s):  
А.А. Ugryumova ◽  
М.P. Zamakhovsky ◽  
О.Yu. Grishaeva ◽  
L.Е. Pautova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex

The article presents the modern legal framework for the restoration and development of the land reclamation industry in the Russian Federation; specifics of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food, considering the implementation of the departmental program "Development of the Land Reclamation Complex of the Russian Federation". The formulation and content of the concept of the socio-economic potential of amelioration of the country have been concretized, which made it possible to identify the target orientation of such private potentials of the industry as: resource, innovation and technical, investment and entrepreneurial, economic, regulatory, social and personnel and information and digital. The classification of factors influencing the social and economic potential of land reclamation in the Russian Federation was substantiated and the relationship between the leading groups of these factors, focused on the financial and investment potential of agricultural producers, government support and the level of demand for agricultural products, was visualized. The official documents are detailed, which allow to manage the personnel potential of the industry, as the most important component of its reclamation potential. Sectoral guidelines for the development and formation of ameliorative potential at the federal level and the importance of regional programs for the development of rural areas are outlined. In the course of the study, it was revealed that there was no relationship in the regulatory documents on the formation and development of the potential of the reclamation industry of the agroindustrial complex, and it was concluded that it was necessary to improve the mechanisms of regulatory and methodological tools.

scholarly journals The official name of the Russian state in the domestic norm-making practice of the second half of the XIXth century

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
I. V. Ganusenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Relationship Of

Consideration in the scientific article The question of the relationship of the regulatory terminology used as the official name of the Russian state is due to the problem of the absence of a single scientific approach in determining its semantic content and is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the proclamation of the name of the state “Russian Empire”. The features of the rulemaking practice on the official consolidation of the name of the state with the simultaneous use of regulatory terms “Russia”, “Russian Empire”, “Empire” and “Russian State”, having an equivalent semantic value in the name of the same state that operated in the specific historical period of its development. Allocated the generals patterns of the applied context of said terminology in regulatory legal acts of various sectoral affiliation. It was concluded that there is no synonymous properties and the difference in the context of the contents of the second half of the XIX century the terms “Russia” and “Russian Empire”, which are used by the domestic legislator, which is used depending on the type and subject of regulated public relations.

scholarly journals PEDAGOGICAL CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT OF LAND NATIONAL N.F. BUNDAKOV'S SCHOOL

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Татьяна Александровна Лозгачева
Keyword(s):  
Historical Period ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Xix Century

Рассмотрены прогрессивные педагогические идеи педагога и общественного деятеля конца XIX века Николая Федоровича Бунакова. Изложена его концепция по развитию образования для крестьян. Выделены противоречия для её реализации в данный исторический период. Отмечены причины конфликта Н.Ф. Бунакова с земскими органами самоуправления. The progressive ideas of the teacher and public figure of the late XIX century Nikolai Fedorovich Bunakov are considered. His concept for the development of education for peasants is outlined. Contradictions for its implementation in this historical period are highlighted. The reasons for the conflict N.F. Bunakov with zemstvo self-government bodies.

scholarly journals Organizational and Legal Principles of Soviet Militia Dispatch Center’s Functioning during 1969–1991

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
D. V. Halkin ◽  
O. M. Halkina
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Effective Organization ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Made In

The normative and legal provision, organization and activity of militia dispatch centers of Soviet Ukraine in 1969–1991 have been studied. Various forms, methods and directions of activity of militia dispatch centers in 1961–1991 have been analyzed; and the activity of the militia in ensuring the protection of public order and the fight against crime has been reconsidered. The author has characterized the functions of militia dispatch centers, which were performed by them in the period from 1969 to 1991. The peculiarities of personnel and logistical provision of the militia dispatch centers in the specified historical period have been highlighted. The analysis of archival materials has demonstrated that the implementation of the function of the dispatch center was associated with the implementation of an increased number of tasks. However, the combination of the duties of a duty officer with performing the duties in another position led to the overburdening of a militiaman, which had a negative impact on law enforcement activity. Improving the organizational forms of the Soviet militia dispatch centers was carried out in several areas: 1) the creation of regular police units in all militia agencies, the number of which depended on the population, as well as changes in the operative situation; 2) increase in the number of regular shifts; 3) bringing the premises, equipment and logistics of dispatch centers in line with the established requirements; 4) the introduction of additional structures within dispatch centers, caused by an increase in the workload on dispatch centers as a result of the growth in crime rates; 5) increase of requirements to personnel of dispatch centers. In terms of reforming the law enforcement system, miscalculations and mistakes of the past years should be avoided. The specifics of dispatch centers’ activity is that it represents the interests of all services, combines the goals and objectives of public order, prevention and detection of crimes, as well as coordinates their actions in case of emergencies. The efficiency of crime detection, assistance to victims and detention of perpetrators depends on the effective organization of interaction between services and units. Thus, the creative use of obtained experience to improve the activities of the dispatch centers of internal affairs agencies will to some extent avoid mistakes and miscalculations made in previous historical periods.

scholarly journals UKRAINE IN EUROPEAN HISTORICAL PROCESSES. REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH MANUSCRIPT: Vidnianskyi, S. (Ed.). (2020). Ukraine in the History of Europe of the 19th – Early 21st Century: Historical Essays. A Monograph. Kyiv: Instite of History of Ukraine of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
O. Mashevskyi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Research Result ◽  
European History ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
World War ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The chronological boundaries of the collective monograph cover a long historical period, which extends to the era of European Modernism and continues to the modern (current) history of European Postmodernism. The key thesis of the team of authors of the monograph is the idea of systemic belonging of Ukraine to European civilization as its component, which interacts with other parts of the system. The first chapter of the peer-reviewed collective monograph "European receptions of Ukraine in the XIX century" shows the reflection of the Ukrainian problem in the German-language literature of the first half of the XIX century, taking into account new archival document, the development of Ukraine’s relations with other Slavic peoples is traced, and the peculiarities of Ukrainian-Bulgarian relations are considered as a separate case study. An interesting paragraph of the collective monograph devoted to cultural, educational and scientific cooperation of Dnieper Ukraine with European countries. This information illustrates well how the Industrial Revolution radically changed the face of the planet, brought new scientific experience that gave room for the development of the capitalist system, and with them, the Industrial Revolution brought social problems, environmental disasters that still cannot be solved. Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) formulated the "iron law of wages", according to which workers can receive only a living wage. The second chapter of the collective monograph "The Ukrainian Question and Ukraine in the European History of the Twentieth Century" presents an integrated narrative of Ukrainian national history in the light of the European history of the two world wars and their consequences. The First World War, or the Great War, undoubtedly became a turning point in European history and, accordingly, in the national histories of European countries. The historical experience of the Ukrainian national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people for the right to European development is covered in the paragraph of the collective monograph "Ukrainian Diplomatic Service 1917-1924". The vicissitudes of Stalin's industrialization and collectivization and their impact on the Ukrainian SSR's relations with European states in the 1920s and 1930s are highlighted in terms of continuity of ties with Europe. A separate regional example of the situation is covered on the example of the history of Transcarpathia on the eve of World War II. The third chapter of the collective monograph "Independent Ukraine in the European integration space" highlights the features of Ukraine's current positioning in Europe. After the collapse of the USSR, ideological obstacles to the development of globalization were overcome. The American political scientist F.Fukuyama in his work "The End of History" concluded the final victory of liberal ideology. This section of the peer-reviewed collective monograph also highlights the position of the international community on the Crimean referendum in 2014, analyzes the policy of Western European countries on the Ukrainian-Russian armed conflict on the example of the policy of Germany, France and Austria. The research result is a separate model of reality, which is reproduced with the help of a certain perception and awareness of the historian. In this sense, the author's team of the monograph has achieved the goal of creating a meaningful narrative that highlights the place of Ukraine at different stages of modern and postmodern European history. From the point of view of the general perception of the narrative offered to the reader, the authors of the collective monograph managed to harmonize individual stylistic features in a conceptually unified text, the meanings of which will be interesting to both professional historians and students and the general readership.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON DISTRICT LEVEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
H. Harizanova-Bartos
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agricultural Impact

With the introduction of new farming techniques and methods, the agrarian sector should be transformed into economically and environmentally friendly way. The Bulgarian districts are 28 and most of them are rural that contribute to the Bulgarian economy with GDP from agricultural products. The main aim of the study is to reveal the connection between the agrarian indicators GDP from agriculture and utilized agricultural area and their impact on the level of environmental pollution. The set up tasks are as follows: 1) Literature findings of the connection between agriculture and environmental pollution; 2) Methodology based on correlation, regression and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) of the impact on GDP from agriculture and environmental pollution; 3) Main findings, recommendations and conclusions. The results are part of scientific project DN 15/8 2017 “Sustainable multifunctional rural areas: reconsidering agricultural models and systems with increased demands and limited resources”, funded by the Bulgarian science fund.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document