scholarly journals Toxicity and Antifeedant Activity of Calotropis gigantea L. Leaf Extract Against Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-682
Author(s):  
Nur Khasanah ◽  
Edhi Martono ◽  
Y Andi Trisyono ◽  
Arman Wijonarko
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Integrated Research

Many parts of the Calotropis gigantea plant are known to contain bioactive compounds, but leaves contain the most. This study aimed to determine the toxicity and antifeedant activity of C. gigantea leaves against Plutella xylostella. The study was carried out from November 2019 to July 2020. Toxicity was tested using the leaf dipping and spraying methods. Antifeedant activity was tested using a no-choice test and a choice test. Identification of the compound composition of the leaf extract of C. gigantea was carried out at the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory, Gadjah Mada University. Extract toxicity data obtained were analyzed by Probit analysis. The results showed that the antifeedant activity of C. gigantea leaf extract a no-choice and with choice at each concentration had a significant effect on the consumption of P. xylostella larvae rations. The toxicity (LC50) of the leaf extract of C. gigantea to P. xylostella by the dipping method was 2,958 µgl-1 while the spraying application was 3.944 µgl-1. The composition of chemical compounds contained in the leaf extract of C. gigantea is saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids. With the composition of these chemical compounds, the leaf extract of C. gigantea has the potential as a source of vegetable insecticide compounds against P. xylostella.

scholarly journals Control Pest of Leaf Caterpillars (Plutella xylostella) in Delima Rose Apples Using Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Amalia ◽  
M. H. Yusa
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mortality Index ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Impacts

The increasing of pesticide use is in line with the increasing number of pest populations. However, the use of pesticides causes various negative impacts on the environment (soil, water, and air) such as pesticide-resistant pests, perishing of useful insects which are non-target pesticides, and the use of pesticide which can even lead to poisoning and death in humans. One of the environmentally-safe techniques to control pests is chemical, by the use soursop leaf extract. This study aims to determine the most effective concentration of soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata) in controlling leaf caterpillar (Plutella xylostella) in delima rose apples. The research was carried out in the plantation area of rose apples in tempuran village, Demak. The research method employed experimental research. The study was conducted using Completely Randomized Design. The data were obtained using probit analysis of LC50. The most effective concentration of soursop extract (Annona muricata) on leaf caterpillars’ mortality was 75 ppm. Soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata) has been proven to influence rose apples leaf caterpillars’ mortality index. The LC50 value of soursop leaf extract was 75,16 mg/L. The result showed that soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata) is effective as a biopesticide material to control leaf caterpillar pest for delima rose apples.

scholarly journals DAYA BUNUH EKSTRAK DAUN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.) TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Setyo Dwi Santoso ◽  
Abdul Chamid ◽  
Dwi Viddi Kusuma Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a very dangerous disease, caused by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. One alternative to controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is to use insecticides. But it would be much better if the insecticides used are natural and environmentally friendly, one of them by using Tomato Leaf Extract (Solanum lycopersicum l.). Tomato leaves contain chemical compounds class Alkaloids and Saponins and can serve as anti larvacide. This research is a laboratory experiment which aims to find out the effect of tomato leaf extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.) activity on the death of III instar larvae of Aedes aegypti mosquito. the effectiveness of samples on Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae by treatment of variation of extract concentration 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1% with repetition 2 times. In the results of research showed that the smallest concentration that can kill Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae is 0.6% at 16 hours and probit analysis showed that significance is 0,608 greater than intercept 0.003, it shows that the extract of tomato leaves affects the death of III instar larvae of Aedes aegypti mosquito.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIFITAS EKSTRAK DAUN SRIKAYA (Anonna squamosa) TERHADAP KEMATIAN KECOA AMERIKA (Periplaneta americana)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Denai Wahyuni ◽  
Reni Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Percentage Mortality

Cockroaches as mechanical vectors for some pathogenic microorganisms such as: Streptococus, Salmonella and contributing to spread diseases of dysentery, diarrhea, cholera, hepatitis A viruses and Polio. Controling of cockroaches presents using synthetic insecticides but it can be subtitutes by naturalinsecticides that called srikaya leaf extract. The aims of this study to looked the content of secondary metabolite compounds in srikaya leaves, determining the mortality of cockroaches and LC50. This study used 6 cockroaches with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20% and 30%, K (+) baygon, K (-) aquades with 3 times replications and observed for 3 hours. The data were analyzed using Probit Analysis to determine LC50. The result of identification of phytochemical compound, srikaya leaf contains flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid and tannin. The percentage mortality of cockroach at concentration 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% respectively were 11,11%, 22,22%, 27,77%, and 53,33% with LC50 346.736 ppm.

scholarly journals Novel Insecticides from Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Thymol and Eugenol for the Control of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio da Camara ◽  
Bogdan Doboszewski ◽  
João de Melo ◽  
Alexander Nazarenko ◽  
Rodrigo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Phenyl Ester ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Hexanedioic Acid ◽  
Methyl Benzene ◽  
Methyl Phenyl

Plutella xylostella cause considerable harm to the production of broccoli, Chinese cabbage, cabbage and cauliflower. The control of P. xylostella is mainly performed using commercial insecticides, which have even led to the emergence of resistant populations. Two easily available natural products found in different plants essential oil, thymol and eugenol, stand up as possible novel agents to control this pest. In this work a series of alkylated and acylated derivatives of eugenol and thymol were synthesized and screened for antifeedant, larvicidal and ovicidal activities against P. xylostella. The results of biological activities assays suggest that the novel 1,1’-[1,8-octanediylbis(oxy)]-bis(4-allyl-2-methoxy-benzene) (5) was the most toxic in the larvicidal test. Compounds 1-butoxy-2-isopropyl-5-methyl-benzene (8) and hexanedioic acid 1,6-bis(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)-ester (10) were the most toxic in the ovicidal assay. The compound 8 presented the most antifeedant activity. Most of the compounds obtained were more active than commercially available insecticidal deltamethrin and azadirachtin.

scholarly journals POTENSI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ANDONG MERAH (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Cheval) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN PENANGKAL RADIKAL DPPH

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Yuri Pratiwi Utami
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Cordyline Fruticosa

AbstractAndong leaf is one of the traditional medicinal plants that is proven to have various properties including as a (natural) medicinal ingredient. Andong plants contain several chemical compounds including saponins, tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols, steroids. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of red andong leaf extract (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Cheval) as a radical scavenging antioxidant for DPPH. In this study red andong leaves (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Cheval) were extracted using maceration method with 70% ethanol as solvent. The results showed that anthocyanins were cyanidin. Antioxidant activity was measured by reducing DPPH free radicals with UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 517 nm. The results showed that red andong red leaf extract had strong antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 64.5197 g/mL against free radicals DPPH and vitamin C as a comparison showed a very strong antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 2.12 g/mL.Keywords : Andong leaf, antioxidant, DPPH AbstrakDaun andong merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang terbukti memiliki berbagai khasiat diantaranya sebagai bahan obat (alami). Tanaman andong mengandung beberapa senyawa kimia diantaranya yaitu saponin, tanin, flavonoid, polifenol, Steroida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi  ekstrak daun andong merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Cheval) sebagai antioksidan penangkal  radikal DPPH. Pada penelitian ini daun andong merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Cheval) diekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  antosianin jenis  sianidin. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur melalui peredaman radikal bebas DPPH dengan spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun andong merah   memiliki potensi  antioksidan  kuat dengan nilai IC50 64.5197 µg/mL terhadap radikal bebas  DPPH dan vitamin C sebagai pembanding menunjukkan potensi antioksidan sangat kuat dengan nilai  IC50 2.12 µg/mL.Kata Kunci : Daun andong merah, antioksidan, DPPH

scholarly journals Fumigant and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvi Ikawati ◽  
Toto Himawan ◽  
Abdul Latief Abadi ◽  
Hagus Tarno
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feeding Deterrent ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Deterrent Activity ◽  
Citronella Grass

Abstract. Ikawati S, Himawan T, Abadi AL, Tarno H. 2020. Fumigant and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae). Biodiversitas 21: 4301-4308. This study aimed to determine the fumigant and antifeedant activity of some plant essential oils against Cryptolestes ferrugineus. Essential oils were extracted from cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix), citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus), zodea (Euodia suaveolens), and clove (Syzygium aromaticum). The extraction used the maceration method with n-Hexane as a solvent. The results of the experiments showed that all essential oils have fumigant toxicity. Fumigant toxicity of kaffir lime, citronella grass, zodea, and clove oil; eggs and pupae were more susceptible than adults and larvae, while for cinnamon, pupae and adults were more susceptible than eggs and larvae. Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of all essential oils for eggs larvae, pupae, and adults respectively, for cinnamon were 17, 24, 9, and 12 ppm, for kaffir lime were 12, 17, 8 and 15 ppm, however, on citronella grass were 11, 22, 8, and 14 ppm, for zodea were 16, 22, 10 and 20 ppm, for clove were 11, 24, 7 and 14 ppm. The fifth essential oils showed antifeedant activity in a no-choice test against C. ferrugineus adults. Also, the fifth essential oils significantly reduced the relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), and food utilization (ECI) of C. ferrugineus adults. It shows that the essential oils have great potential as one of the storage pest control components.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Citrus mitis, Citrus aurantifolia, and Citrus maxima leaf extract toward mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae (Diptera: Culicidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Hamidah Hamidah ◽  
Hebert Adrianto
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Significant Health

Dengue Fever is a significant health issue in Indonesia for it is always been found and unresolved since 1968. Dengue Fever is transmitted through mosquito (Aedes aegypti) bite. Resistance of mosquito larvae towards temephos as consequence of chemical larvicide consumption has been reported in several countries. One of safe and environmentally friendly efforts to control mosquito is by using herbal larvicide which produced from plants. This study examines methanol extract of Citrus mitis, Citrus aurantifolia, and Citrus maxima leaf toward mosquito larvae Ae. aegypti instar III for 24 hours. Data of larvae mortality is analyzed using probit analysis by SPSS software. The result shows that Citrus mitis has the highest toxicity with the lowest lethal concentrations (LC) that are LC50 = 1.547 ppm and LC90 = 3.328 ppm. It followed by Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus maxima respectively.Keywords: larvicide; Aedes aegypti; leaf extract; Citrus mitis; Citrus aurantifolia; Citrus maxima

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA ALAMI TERHADAP KECOAK AMERIKA (Periplaneta americana) DENGAN METODE SEMPROT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Hanina Hanina ◽  
Sarah Madeleyne Baringbing
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

ABSTRACT Cockroach control can be done in various ways one of which is spraying insecticide. Natural insecticides are less dangerous than conventional insecticides. This study aimed to determined the effectiveness of kaffir lime leaf extract (Citrus hystrix) as a natural insecticide against cockroach americana (Periplaneta americana) with spray method. This research was an experimental study with a post-test only control group designed design. The sample in this study was 60 cockroaches, the sample was divided into 6 groups: negative control (aquades), positive control (transflutrin 0.06%) and and 4 test groups with concentrations of kaffir lime leaf extract (20%, 40%, 60% , and 80%) each group consisted of 10 cockroaches. Phytochemical tests were carried out to determine the content of secondary metabolites in extracts of kaffir lime leaves. Positive phytochemical test results containing flavonoids, alkaloids and essential oils. Based on probit analysis, it is known that the LC50 value = 58.5%; LC95 = 85.1%. The time of death of LT50 is fastest at a concentration of 60% (3,036 hours) and LT95 is the fastest at a concentration of 80% (5,960 hours). Anova test analysis results showed that the positive control group had no significant difference with kaffir lime leaf extract concentration of 80% Kaffir lime leaf extract has an insecticide effect, the higher the concentration of kaffir lime leaf extract, the more number of dead cockroaches and the longer the observation time, the number of cockroaches death will also increase. Keywords: American cockroach, kaffir lime leaf extract, cockroach death   ABSTRAK Pengendalian kecoa dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara salah satunya penyemprotan insektisida. Insektisida alami kurang berbahaya dibanding insektisida konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) sebagai insektisida alami terhadap kecoak americana (Periplaneta americana) dengan metode semprot. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan post-test only control group designed. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 60 ekor kecoak, sampel dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (aquades), kontrol positif (transflutrin 0,06%) dan dan 4 kelompok uji dengan konsentrasi ekstrak daun jeruk purut (20%, 40%, 60%, dan 80%) masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 10 ekor kecoak. Uji fitokimia dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak daun jeruk purut. Hasil uji fitokimia positif mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid dan minyak atsiri. Berdasarkan analisis probit, diketahui nilai LC50 = 58,5%; LC95 = 85,1%. Waktu kematian LT50 paling cepat pada konsentrasi 60% (3,036 jam) dan LT95 paling cepat pada konsentrasi 80% (5,960 jam). Hasil analisis uji anova menunjukkan bahwa kelompok kontrol positif tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dengan ekstrak daun jeruk purut konsentrasi 80% Ekstrak daun jeruk purut memiliki efek insektisida, semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak daun jeruk purut maka jumlah kecoak yang mati semakin banyak dan semakin lama waktu pengamatan, maka jumlah kecoak yang mati juga akan semakin banyak. Kata kunci : kecoak amerika, ekstrak daun jeruk purut, kematian kecoak

scholarly journals The potential use of Azolla pinnata as an alternative bio-insecticide

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Ravi ◽  
Dinesh Rajendran ◽  
Wen-Da Oh ◽  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
Zulhazman Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Azolla Pinnata ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Test Concentration ◽  
Dengue Vectors ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Four different tests showed the effectiveness of Azolla pinnata plant extracts against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. In the adulticidal test, there was a significant increase in mortality as test concentration increases and A. pinnata extracts showed LC50 and LC95 values of 2572.45 and 6100.74 ppm, respectively, against Ae. aegypti and LC50 and LC95 values of 2329.34 and 5315.86 ppm, respectively, against Ae. albopictus. The ovicidal test showed 100% eggs mortality for both species tested for all the concentrations tested at 1500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm and 125 ppm. Both tested samples of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus did not lay any eggs in the plastic cups filled with the A. pinnata extract but instead opted to lay eggs in the plastic cups filled with water during the oviposition deterrence test. Similarly, the non-choice test of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes laid eggs on the sucrose solution meant for the nutrient source of the mosquitoes instead of in the plastic cup that was designed to facilitate oviposition filled with the extract. This clearly indicates the presence of bioactive compounds which are responsible in adulticidal and ovicidal activity in Aedes mosquitoes and at the same time inducing repellence towards the mosquitoes. The LC–MS results showed mainly three important chemical compounds from A. pinnata extracts such as 1-(O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1,3R,25R)-hexacosanetriol, Pyridate and Nicotinamide N-oxide. All these chemicals have been used for various applications such as both emulsion and non-emulsion type of cosmetics, against mosquito vector such as Culex pipens and Anopheles spp. Finally, the overall view of these chemical components from A. pinnata extracts has shown the potential for developing natural product against dengue vectors.

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