scholarly journals Synchronous personal method of language studying speech behavior in implicit pragmalinguistics

XLinguae ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Irina A. Zyubina ◽  
Marianna Iu. Filippova ◽  
Natalia A. Minakova ◽  
Liudmila V. Krivoshlykova ◽  
Irina G. Anikejeva
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Static System ◽  
Newspaper Article ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Speech Event ◽  
Speech Genre ◽  
Newspaper Text ◽  
Linguistic Behavior

Any speech behavior reflects personal characteristics of the speakers. In speech, communicants actualize their individual, social, national, and cultural characteristics, which are in an inseparable unity and represent a specific linguistic behavior. However, the authors note that the features of the actualization of these characteristics and their combination change, which depends on the communication situation and on a particular speech genre. The main approach of the research is the synchronouspersonal approach. The authors examined and analyzed examples of the speech behavior of a particular prosecutor. They studied his speeches in a jury, in a professional court, and a newspaper article written by him. All speeches have similar features: 1) the same parameters of the personal, social and objective planes of the implicit speech strategy “Participation / Nonparticipation of members of communication in a speech event”, 2) almost similar indicators of certain / uncertain statements of the implicit speech strategy “Sure/Unsure speech behavior of an author” in the speech to professionals in the court and in the newspaper text. All three speeches have more negative attitudes to the speech event. The study distinguished significant differences. The indexes of all the planes in the speech before the jury differ in comparison with the speech before the professionals and in the newspaper article. The authors revealed a strict connection between the sender’s speech behavior and various targets of the addressee. Speech behavior also depends on the recipients of these texts. It has been proved that human speech behavior is not a static system, and it can change, which depends on communicants’ interaction.

SELF-ACCEPTANCE: FROM PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS TO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUBJECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
T. S. Pilipenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Self ◽  
Humanistic Psychology ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Subject Characteristic ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
High Level

In experimental psychology, the problem of non-acceptance of oneself, one’s environment, and the world around is one of the relevant issues. The author notes that the accepted in contemporary society popular opinions associated with self-acceptance often have manipulative or prescriptive nature and are the negative attitudes blocking the person activity and leading to its stagnation. The resolution of the stereotyped image of this phenomenon is possible from the perspective of historical-theoretical analysis of the study of self-acceptance. The paper presents various approaches to the understanding of self-acceptance by foreign and Russian psychologists within such psychology areas as neofreidism, gestalt-psychology, existential, and humanistic psychology. The author considers the changes in the study of self-acceptance, notes that despite different views of classical psychologists on the understanding of this phenomenon, they define self-acceptance as an active process promoting self-improvement and self-actualization of a person. This fact conflicts with the latent meaning of widespread life theses on self-acceptance. The paper emphasizes the possibility to study self-acceptance from the perspective of the subject approach as a phenomenon initiating the activity of a person in organization and regulation of own life activities, promoting further development of a person, its self-actualization. The author considers the controversial characteristics of self-acceptance as a subject characteristic: self-acceptance allows changing from self-understanding to self-improvement, at the same time, the high level of self-acceptance requires a particular level of development of the personal agency. The author notes the paradoxical understanding of the self-acceptance phenomenon largely within the frames of positive self-attitude, which can promote the “Self” image idealism and lead to intrapersonal regress.

Tattoos and Ratings of Personal Characteristics

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Degelman ◽  
Nicole Deann Price
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
University Students ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negative Behaviors

High school and university students viewed a photograph of one woman either with or without a visible tattoo on her upper arm. They rated the woman on 13 personal characteristics (fashionable, athletic, attractive, caring, creative, determined, motivated, honest, generous, mysterious, religious, intelligent, artistic). Analyses showed ratings of the model with the tattoo were statistically significantly lower (more negative) on 9 of the 13 personal characteristics. Ratings were not associated with whether the participants had or did not have tattoos themselves. Implications for research are discussed, including the need to explore the conditions under which negative attitudes may be translated into negative behaviors.

scholarly journals Entry into intercultural marriage: factors of spouse choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Alaguev
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Intercultural Marriages ◽  
Intercultural Marriage ◽  
The Republic

Background. Intercultural marriages are micro-level models of intercultural relations and can help to understand the changing society of the globalization era. The objective. Revealing attitudes towards entry into intercultural marriage and factors influencing the choice of a foreign cultural marriage partner among Russians and Buryats in the Republic of Buryatia. Design. The study was conducted in 2020 in the Republic of Buryatia using a socio-psychological survey on online platform. The convenience sample was used (the “snowball” method). The sample included representatives of 2 groups: Russians (N = 111) and Buryats (N = 102). Results. The analysis showed that the attitude towards entry into intercultural marriage in these groups is above average, while no significant differences were found between the groups. The negative attitude towards intercultural marriages among Buryats to a greater extent than among Russians was determined by factors reflecting the acceptance of intercultural marriages by relatives, loved ones and society in general, which was more significant for the Buryats. Among the Russians, more than among the Buryats, negative attitudes were interconnected with factors reflecting personal characteristics of the future spouse (values, norms of behavior) and interpersonal communication. For both the Russians and the Buryats, negative attitude towards entering into intercultural marriages is associated with the importance of proximity of cooking traditions, naming, raising children and their identity, as well as religious beliefs. Conclusion. The general favorable “Zeitgeist” in Buryatia towards intercultural marriages contributes to the tolerant attitude towards the creation of such married couples among both the Russians and the Buryats.

SELECTED PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND ATTITUDES TOWARD FEMINISM

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Smith ◽  
Anton F. De Man
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Attitude Similarity ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceived Attractiveness

Sixty-five men and fifty-one women took part in a study of attitudes toward feminism. The question of attitude similarity mediated error in perceived attractiveness was addressed, and the relationship between selected personal characteristics and attitudes toward feminism was assessed. Results confirmed that men and women view people with attitudes similar to their own as more attractive. Best predictors of negative attitudes towards feminism among men were conservativism and limited familiarity with feminist issues, whereas among women, trait-anxiety was the best predictor.

Collaborative oral narratives of general experience: when an interview becomes a conversation

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Lambrou
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Oral Narratives ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Speech Event ◽  
Greek Cypriot ◽  
Speech Genre ◽  
General Experience ◽  
Social Act

This article explores the shift in speech genre from a peer group interview speech event to an activity type with interactive features resembling a casual conversation and the consequent effects on the narrator, interviewees and process of story-telling. It reports on sociolinguistic interviews in which collection of oral narratives of personal experience among members of the Greek Cypriot community in London becomes collaborative and facilitates the co-production of spoken personal narratives (hence the ‘general experience’ of the title). The highly social act of narrating sees the emergence of explicit and implicit collaborative strategies, specifically the use of prompts and requests for clarification, which appear to be an inevitable outcome of narrating in a setting where the audience is wider than just the interviewer.

scholarly journals Turkish First-Time Supervisees’ Disclosure and Nondisclosure in Clinical Supervision

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Betül Meydan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Supervisory Relationship ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
First Time

This study sought to examine Turkish first-time supervisees’ opinions regarding disclosure and nondisclosure in clinical supervision via a case study design. The data was collected from 19 volunteer first-time supervisees through a semi-structured interview form and analyzed with content analysis. Results indicated that supervisees’ content of disclosures included supervisory needs and thoughts about supervisor while content of nondisclosure consisted of personal issues, supervision-related issues, and negative feelings about client. Nevertheless, supervisee disclosure was positively influenced by supervisor’s personal characteristics and interventions; supervisee’s expectations from disclosure and personal characteristics, as well as existence of peers in supervision environment and strong supervisory relationship. However, supervisor’s personal characteristics; supervisee’s personal characteristics, negative attitudes toward disclosure, and supervision; and also peers, poor supervision time, poor structure for supervision, evaluation concerns, and weak supervisory relationship have some negative effects on supervisee disclosure. Moreover, supervisee disclosure and nondisclosure had intense effects on supervisee and supervision.

scholarly journals Implicit vs explicit evaluation: How English-speaking Twitter users discuss migration problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Elena V. Gabrielova ◽  
Olga I. Maksimenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Personal Attitude ◽  
The Usa ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Linguistic Means

The current research answers the question how Twitter users express their evaluation of topical social problems (explicitly or implicitly) and what linguistic means they use, being restricted by the allowed length of the message. The article explores how Twitter users communicate with each other and exchange ideas on social issues of great importance, express their feelings using a number of linguistic means, while being limited by a fixed number of characters, and form solidarity, being geographically distant from each other. The research is focused on the linguistic tools employed by Twitter users in order to express their personal attitude. The subject chosen for study was the migration processes in Europe and the USA. The aim of the current investigation is to determine the correlation between the attitudes of English-speaking users towards migration and the way they are expressed implicitly or explicitly. The authors make an attempt to define which tools contribute to the implicit or explicit nature of the utterances. The material includes 100 tweets of English-speaking users collected from February 1 to July 31, 2017. The choice of the time period is defined by significant events in Trumps migration policy and their consequences. The research is based on the content analysis of the material carried out by means of the Atlas.ti program. The software performs the coding of textual units, counts the frequency of codes and their correlation. The results of the research show that Twitter users tend to express their critical attitudes towards migration, rather than approve of it or sympathise with migrants. Criticism is more often expressed implicitly rather than explicitly. In order to disguise the attitude and feelings, the English-speaking users of Twitter employed irony, questions and quotations, while the explicit expression of attitudes was done by means of imperative structures. It is also worth mentioning that ellipses, contractions and abbreviations were used quite frequently due to the word limit of tweets. At the same time, the lack of knowledge about extralinguistic factors and personal characteristics of users makes the process of interpretation of tweets rather challenging. The findings of the current research suggest the necessity to take into account implicit negative attitudes while carrying out the analysis of public opinion on Twitter.

scholarly journals Speech De-identification with Deep Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269
Author(s):  
Ádám Fodor ◽  
László Kopácsi ◽  
Zoltán Ádám Milacski ◽  
András Lőrincz
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Network Solution ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
The Voice

Cloud-based speech services are powerful practical tools but the privacy of the speakers raises important legal concerns when exposed to the Internet. We propose a deep neural network solution that removes personal characteristics from human speech by converting it to the voice of a Text-to-Speech (TTS) system before sending the utterance to the cloud. The network learns to transcode sequences of vocoder parameters, delta and delta-delta features of human speech to those of the TTS engine. We evaluated several TTS systems, vocoders and audio alignment techniques. We measured the performance of our method by (i) comparing the result of speech recognition on the de-identified utterances with the original texts, (ii) computing the Mel-Cepstral Distortion of the aligned TTS and the transcoded sequences, and (iii) questioning human participants in A-not-B, 2AFC and 6AFC tasks. Our approach achieves the level required by diverse applications.

scholarly journals Speech genre of an expert report in the context of communicative goal-setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Volynkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Expert Report ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Speech Event ◽  
Speech Genres ◽  
Speech Genre ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Goal Realization

The article studies a speech genre of an expert report. The study focuses on the realization of the most significant genre-forming feature – the communicative goal of an expert report. Scientific novelty is connected with the fact that an expert report is studied in the context of being a result of speech activity; within the theory of speech genres and communicative linguistics. The article focuses on the basic characteristics of the genre, its communicative goal-setting peculiarities, and the influence of an expert report type on the communicative goal realization. The analysis shows that the speech genre of an expert report is included into the terminological and actual boundaries of a wider and larger phenomenon, known as a speech event, which is realized by a set of speech genres and represents a form of organization of communication with certain participants. As a speech event, an expert report possesses a complex ritualized nature which makes it possible to define it as a complex speech event. The article studies the speech genre of an expert report as a leading genre of a speech event with the same name. The analysis has found out a dual trend of an expert report in communicative goal-setting, represented by: 1) information communication (informative objective) and 2) evaluation expression (evaluative objective). The balance between the two objectives is determined by an expert report type. Expert reports of traditional (special-purpose) type are found to appeal to consciousness and logic with the informative illocution being a predominant goal; while in case of humanitarian expert reports, subjective emotional experience and assessment serve the same purpose being applied in practice in the dominating evaluative illocution.

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