scholarly journals The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Reducing the Risk of Infection, Hospitalization, and Death in Isfahan Province, Iran

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziba Taherian ◽  
Mostafa Rezaei ◽  
Asefeh Haddadpour ◽  
Zahra Amini
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Median Interval

Background: We aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing infection, hospitalization, and mortality due to COVID-19 in Isfahan Province, Iran. Methods: Following a retrospective cohort design, data of all vaccinated individuals since the rollout of vaccination of the general population are analyzed, Mar 2020 to Aug 13, 2021. Moreover, the data of all non-vaccinated people were collected by the census method for this period. The two groups were compared concerning hospitalization and mortality using the Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meyer was also used to calculate the median interval between receiving a vaccine and outcome (hospitalization and death). Results: Overall, 583434 people have received a second dose of a vaccine from Mar 2020 to Aug 2021, which 74% (n=433403) was Sinopharm, 18.2% (n=106027) AstraZeneca, 3.6% (n=21216) Sputnik, and 3.9% (n=22,788) Barekat. In contrast, 2,551,140 people living in the Isfahan Province did not receive a vaccine. The median interval between injection of the first dose and the hospitalization for those who received Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, Sputnik, and Barekat was 22, 61, 19, and 19 days, respectively. For unvaccinated cases, the rates of infection, hospitalization, and mortality (per 1000 population) were 69.7, 12.1, and 1.04, respectively. In contrast, for vaccinated individuals, these rates were 3.9, 1.08, and 0.09, two weeks after the second dose, respectively. Conclusion: The highest and lowest reduction in relative risk was for those who received AstraZeneca and Sputnik, respectively.  

Emergency Utilization and Trends in a Community Dental Clinic in Northern Manhattan: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Evan Cyrkin ◽  
Aaron Myers ◽  
Jaffer Shariff ◽  
Richard Yoon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dental Records ◽  
First Time

Purpose: To evaluate utilization and trends associated with patients who presented with emergencies at a community dental clinic at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Study design: Data from deidentified dental records of patients aged 0–12 years old who presented as emergencies for oral and dental reasons for 2012, 2013, and 2014 were collected. Variables analyzed included demographic information, oral diagnosis, and current health status. Frequency distributions analysis, chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were performed using Stata 13.0. Results: There were 4,328 dental and oral-related emergencies with a mean age of 6-years-old. Approximately 50% were females, 71% were Hispanic, and 90% had Medicaid managed care. Most emergencies (49%) were caries-related, 41% were considered atraumatic in nature, and approximately 10% were traumatic. About 10% of patients presented with comorbidities and 37% were either first-time patients or patients that presented exclusively for emergencies. Acute tooth pain (45%) caused by dental caries was the most common chief complaint. The trends for emergency presentations showed a significant decrease (p<.001) between years 2012–2014 for caries-related visits and a significant increase (p<.001) between 2012–2013 and 2012–2014 for atraumatic visits. Conclusions: Caries-related dental diagnoses were more common than trauma-related diagnoses. The most common caries-related diagnosis was pulp necrosis for both primary and permanent dentitions while the most common traumarelated diagnosis was subluxation for the primary dentition and enamel-dentin fracture for the permanent dentition.

Seasonality of births in affective disorder in an Irish population

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Clarke ◽  
F Keogh ◽  
PT Murphy ◽  
M Morris ◽  
C Larkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Irish Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Seasonality Of Births

SummarySeasonal variation in the births of patients with schizophrenia is a consistently replicated epidemiological finding. Few studies have investigated this phenomenon among patients with a diagnosis of affective disorder. The majority of season of birth studies have employed the chi square test for statistical analysis, a method that has been subject to some criticism. Using a Kolgomorov-Smirnov type statistic, the quarterly birth distribution of 6,646 patients with an ICD 9/10 diagnosis of affective disorder were compared to the general population. Only the births of those individuals with unipolar forms of affective disorder (n = 4,393) differed significantly from the general population, with significant excesses and deficits in the second quarter and fourth quarter respectively. These results were not altered by application of the displacement test. © 1998 Elsevier, Paris

Uptake and effectiveness of FOLFIRINOX for advanced pancreas cancer: A population-based study.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 245-245
Author(s):  
Safiya Karim ◽  
Jina Zhang-Salomons ◽  
James Joseph Biagi ◽  
Tim Asmis ◽  
Christopher M. Booth
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Pancreas Cancer ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Palliative Intent ◽  
Funding Program ◽  
Chi Square Test

245 Background: While FOLFIRINOX is a standard treatment option for advanced pancreas cancer there is little data describing utilization and effectiveness in routine clinical practice. Here we report practice patterns and outcomes in the general population of Ontario, Canada. Methods: Using the Ontario Cancer Registry and New Drug Funding Program we identified all patients with pancreas cancer treated with palliative intent gemcitabine or FOLFIRINOX in Ontario during 2006-2014. FOLFIRINOX became available in Ontario’s single-payer health system in November 2011. Gemcitabine cases were classified as pre-FOLFIRINOX era (2006-2010) or post-FOLFIRINOX era (2011-2014). Cases treated with peri-operative chemotherapy were excluded. Comparisons of proportions between study groups were made using the chi-square test. Overall survival (OS) was measured from date of chemotherapy initiation. Results: During 2006-2014, 3826 patients in Ontario were treated with Gemcitabine (n=3042) or FOLFIRINOX (n=784) chemotherapy for advanced pancreas cancer. Uptake of FOLFIRINOX increased from 41% (206/505) of treated cases in 2012 to 56% (274/486) of treated cases in 2014. Among patients treated after 2011, median age was 69 and 63 years for Gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX respectively (p<0.001). The proportion of treated cases who received FOLFIRINOX varied considerably across geographic regions (from 26% to 58%, p<0.001). Median number of FOLFIRINOX cycles delivered was 6 (median 10 cycles in pivotal RCT). Median OS of patients treated with Gemcitabine was 5.0 months in 2006-2010 and 4.8 months in 2011-2014. Median OS of FOLFIRINOX patients treated in 2011-2014 was 8.2 months (median 11.1 months in pivotal RCT). Conclusions: Use of FOLFIRINOX in the general population has increased since 2011 with a resulting decrease in use of Gemcitabine. However, outcomes achieved with FOLFIRINOX in Ontario demonstrate a substantial efficacy-effectiveness gap between survival in the pivotal clinical trial and survival in routine practice.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENDIDIKAN DAN MASA KERJA DENGAN KETERAMPILAN PERAWAT MELAKUKAN TINDAKAN BANTUAN HIDUP DASAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Vera Sesrianty
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Respiratory Arrest ◽  
P Value ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Emergency Case ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Chi Square Test

Emergency nurses connect knowledge with skills to deal with life-threatening patients. The high number of emergency case visits such as respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest in each country is one of the impacts in the failure of emergency cases handling which is generally caused by failure to recognize risks, delays in handling, and lack of facilities and knowledge and skills of medical and paramedical personnel. Based on data obtained at the IGD and ICU RSUD Lubuk Sikaping, during 2016 there were 146 people experiencing emergency with the division of 62 people with respiratory failure, 52 heavy head injuries and 32 cardiac arrest, most died. The purpose of this research is to identify factors related to nurse skill in performing BHD action in IGD Room and ICU of Lubuk Sikaping Hospital. This research uses descriptive analytic method with corelation study approach design. Data processing using Chi Square test, with a sample of 30 respondents. The result of statistical test, it can be concluded that there is correlation of education level factor with BHD action, p value = 0,007 (p = P <α) the existence of time factor relationship with BHD action, p value = 0,000 (p <α) IGD Room and ICU of Lubuk Sikaping Hospital 2017. Suggestion in this research is the result of this research Can add insight and knowledge about the management of BHD properly so that emergency patients can be helped well.

scholarly journals COVID-19 patients with hypothyroidism: a retrospective cohort study from a dedicated COVID hospital of Mumbai, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1752
Author(s):  
Chinmay N. Gokhale ◽  
Smita S. Chavhan ◽  
Balkrishna B. Adsul ◽  
Maharudra A. Kumbhar ◽  
Kirti V. Kinge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Common

Background: India was one of the leaders in terms of COVID-19 cases across year 2020. Hypothyroidism is one of the common morbidities that may influence prognosis of infectious diseases. However, some previously published literature had suggested that hypothyroidism may not be affecting outcomes of COVID-19 disease. Objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing hypothyroidism and further suggesting determinants of worse outcomesMethods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at one of largest Dedicated COVID-19 Hospital in Mumbai, India. Of the 16306 patients that got admitted at this hospital in year 2020, all those having hypothyroidism were included. Bivariate analysis was performed using Chi-square test and Multivariate analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression.Results: A total of 251 patients were having pre-existing hypothyroidism (1.54%). More females had hypothyroidism (73.7%) while death rate was more in males (26.3%). ICU admissions (27.5%) and death proportions (18.3%) were significantly more in hypothyroidism. Diabetes and hypertension were common concomitant Co-morbidities and odds ratios for death for diabetes group, hypertension group and diabetes+hypertension group were 4.9, 8.1 and 4.4 respectively in comparison to those having exclusive hypothyroidism.Conclusions: This study deals with an important topic of co-existing Hypothyroidism in COVID-19 patients and we can conclude that patients with Hypothyroidism must be considered to be at risk of severe outcomes. Furthermore, age, male gender and presence of concomitant Co-morbidities increase the risk of worse outcome.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Determinants of Them towards Tuberculosis in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Mahmud ◽  
Md Mohsin ◽  
Saddam Hossain Irfan ◽  
Abdul Muyeed ◽  
Ariful Islam
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that causes thousands of deaths in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is one of the high-risk countries among 30 high TB burden countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the knowledge, practices, attitudes towards TB, and the factors associated with them in the general population of Bangladesh. Method: A web-based anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted among the general population in Bangladesh. A comprehensive consent statement was included at the beginning of the survey by explaining the study's intent, types of questions, anonymous and voluntary nature. Analysis was carried out using the chi-square test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 1,180 eligible respondents, 58.64% were males, and 62.37% were married. The majority of the participants (78.28%) were aged between 15 to 44 years. Overall adequate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices about TB were found respectively in 47.8%, 44.75%, and 31.19% of the general population of Bangladesh. Almost the same sets of associated factors were found to influence adequate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices towards TB among general people. Males, young, unmarried, respondents with higher education, and urban respondents were more likely to have adequate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices towards TB. Conclusion: Policymakers need to design programs and interventions to improve knowledge, attitudes, and good practices towards TB among the general people by focusing on vulnerable groups such as females, young and older people, people who live in the rural areas, and illiterate/less educated people.

scholarly journals Case Fatality in COVID-19; a District Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Hamzullah Khan ◽  
Faridullah Shah ◽  
Khalid Khan ◽  
. Abuzar
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probability Testing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

Objectives: To determine the case fatality rate of COVID-19 by evaluating the data of Patients died due to COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A total of 243 patients with PCR done from the government designated Public health research laboratory of Khyber Medical University were included in a cross sectional comparative study. Chi-square test, risk analysis, probability testing and survival analysis using Kaplan Meir test was done on data sheet prepared in SPPS version 25 in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: Out of total 243 patients, 165 (67.90%) were negative by PCR testing and 78 (32.09%) were COVID-19 positive. The Mean age with SD was 36+17 years. Out of total 178 (73.3%) were males and 65 (26.7%) were females. 34 (13.99%) had age more than 55 years, where 4/5 (80%) of the deaths were recorded. The relationship of an increase in age with rate of mortality was statistically significant (p=0.001). The over all probability of death in our population in age more than 55 years is 24 times higher (OR=24,95CI: 2.6-221.24) with relative risk of 1.1 (rr=1.11, 95CI:1-1.24). Mortality rate was 6.41%. A significant correlation of mortality with case positivity (p=0.003) with relative risk of 1.06 (rr=1.06, 95CI: 1.008-1.13). Three out of 5 of the COVID-19 positive deceased had cardiac diseases and 2/5 had respiratory disease/viral pneumonia. Using Kaplan Meir test, the survival graphs of COVID positive vs COVID negative cases had similar pattern that shows the mortality rate in the positive cases was not solely due to COVID-19, but has aggravated the pre-existing illness to cause death. Conclusion: The mortality rate was 6.41%, more in age>55 years (80%) and almost all the deceased had chronic co-morbid conditions like CAD, CCF and COPD at time of presentation. COVID-19 is not the sole killer, it contributes killing in immune-deficient patients.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPATUHAN PASIEN TUBERCULOSIS DI BALAI KESEHATAN PARU MASYARAKAT PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aida Maftuhah
Keyword(s):  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
High Compliance Rate ◽  
Chi Square Test

Penyakit tuberkulosis merupakan infeksi menular yang sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat dunia. Kepatuhan pasien TB Paru merupakan parameter utama dalam menilai berhasil tidaknya pengobatan TB Paru.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pasien TB paru di BKPM Provinsi Jawa Barat. penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observational dengan desain cross sectional, pengukuran data dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang sudah divalidasi oleh Armelia Hayati tahun 2011 kemudian dianalisa univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh dari 27 responden mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan sangat baik sebesar 59,3% dan tingkat kepatuhan kelompok terbesar dengan tingkat kepatuhan tinggi sebesar 66,7%. hasil uji Chi-Square didapatkan nilai p value = 0,462 kurang dari 0,05 artinya tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan pasien TB paru dengan kepatuhan berobat pasien TB paru. Abstract Tuberculosis is a contagious infection that is still a world public health problem. Compliance of tuberculosis patients is a major parameter in assessing the success or failure of tuberculosis treatment.This study aims to determine the relationship of knowledge to the level of compliance of tuberculosis patients in BKPM West Java Province. This research is an observational research with cross sectional design, data measurement using questionnaires already validated by Armelia Hayati in 2011 and then analyzed univariat and bivariate by using Chi-Square test. The results of this study were obtained from 27 respondents have a very good knowledge level of 59.3% and the level of compliance of the largest group with high compliance rate of 66.7%. Chi-Square test results obtained p value = 0.462 less than 0.05 means there is no significant relationship between the knowledge of patients with tuberculosis compliance treatment.

SURVEY ON AWARENESS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT, TYPES, DURATION, PROBLEMS FACED AMONG GENERAL POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Reshma Reshma ◽  
Saranya P ◽  
M.K. Karthikeyan ◽  
Anbu velusamy
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dental Practices

the aim of this study is to access the awareness of general population about orthodontic treatment ,its types ,duration and the problems faced . A descriptive questionnaire survey was conducted among general population who visited outpatient department of Thai moogambigai dental college & hospital. statistical analysis of the data was done using IBM SSPS software version 26 software package. Pearson’s chi square test was done to done assess the standard deviation of different variables .RESULTS ; statistically signicant difference between male and female among the general population was obtained . Females were found to be more aware about the orthodontic treatment,cost of the treatment ,duration of the treatment . CONCLUSION :Awareness of malocclusion and need to take treatment has increasingly become prevalent among the population,the demand for orthodontic treatment become more noticeable in dental practices..

scholarly journals A National Survey to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Conspiracy Beliefs, Acceptability, Preference, and Willingness to Pay among the General Population of Pakistan

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Muhammad Subhan Arshad ◽  
Iltaf Hussain ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Khezar Hayat ◽  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Participants

The current study aims to assess the beliefs of the general public in Pakistan towards conspiracy theories, acceptance, willingness to pay, and preference for the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online self-administered questionnaire during January 2021. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was utilized for statistical data analysis. A total of 2158 respondents completed the questionnaire, among them 1192 (55.2%) were male with 23.87 (SD: ±6.23) years as mean age. The conspiracy beliefs circulating regarding the COVID-19 vaccine were believed by 9.3% to 28.4% of the study participants. Among them, 1040 (48.2%) agreed to vaccinate on its availability while 934 (43.3%) reported the Chinese vaccine as their preference. The conspiracy beliefs of the participants were significantly associated with acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The existence of conspiracy beliefs and low vaccine acceptance among the general population is a serious threat to successful COVID-19 vaccination.

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