scholarly journals Development and justification of the parameters of the microwave installation for heat treatment of rejected chicken eggs

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Orlova ◽  
M. V. Belova ◽  
G. V. Zhdankin ◽  
N. V. Obolenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Axial Section ◽  
Dielectric Tube ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Protein Feed

Russia ranks sixth in the world in egg production, with only 13% being processed. In addition, egg waste from incubation cabinets is also accumulated, which can be processed into protein feed using vacuum boilers. In this regard, the development of technology and technical means using the energy of the electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency for heat treatment of rejected eggs in a continuous mode for farms is relevant. The aim of the research is to develop and substantiate the parameters of the microwave installation for heat treatment of rejected chicken eggs as a protein feed additive. Tasks are being solved: to develop a spatial model of a microwave installation of a continuous operation mode; calculate the construction parameters of the installation. The microwave installation developed contains a vertically mounted truncated non-ferromagnetic bicone. Along its inner side surface, a dielectric tube is laid in the form of a biconical spiral. Parallel to the vertical axis of the bicone, a non-ferromagnetic plate is installed, dividing its volume into two chambers: a resonator and a pause chamber. The plate is made in the form of an axial section of a truncated bicone, along the perimeter of which there are openings for transcendental waveguides worn on the dielectric tube from the pause chamber side. On the side surface of the bicone mounted magnetrons. The structural design of the installation ensures the continuity of the heat treatment process without transporting mechanisms. The calculated self-quality of the resonator is 5000. With an installation capacity of 18 kg/h, the specific energy consumption for heat treatment of eggs is 200 W.h/kg.

scholarly journals Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Production Performance, Bone Physiological Property, and Hematology Indexes in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2041
Author(s):  
Xinyu Zou ◽  
Sha Jiang ◽  
Mi Zhang ◽  
Haiqiang Hu ◽  
Xiaoling Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Physiological Property ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Diet Control

This study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on production performance and bone pathophysiological characteristics of layers. Twenty-four 48-week-old Lohmann Pink-shell laying hens were randomly divided into two groups: a basic diet (control) and the basic diet mixed with Bacillus subtilis (0.5 g/kg) for a 60-day trial. Statistically, independent-sample t-test was used to assess the treatment differences. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis supplementation improved the percent of marketable eggs (p < 0.05) with reduced numbers of broken and soft-shelled eggs but had no effects on egg weight, height of albumen, yolk color, and Haugh unit (p > 0.05). Bacillus subtilis supplement also elevated maximum load (p = 0.06), maximum stress (p = 0.01), stiffness (p < 0.01), and Young’s modulus (p < 0.01) but suppressed maximum strain (p = 0.06) in the femur. In addition, compared with control birds, phosphorous concentration (p < 0.01) was reduced in serum at day 61 but increased in the femur (p < 0.05) in Bacillus subtilis fed birds. Bacillus subtilis fed birds also had lower magnesium concentrations in both femur (p = 0.04) and feces (p = 0.09). Furthermore, Bacillus subtilis increased plasma estrogen concentration (p = 0.01) and femur TNF receptor superfamily member 11b (OPG) expression (p < 0.05) but reduced plasma IL-1 (p < 0.01) and TNF-α (p < 0.01) concentrations. These results indicate that Bacillus subtilis could be used as a health promotor to reduce overproduction-induced inflammation and associated bone damage and to increase marketable egg production. The data provide evidence for developing a management strategy to use Bacillus subtilis as a feed additive to improve marketable egg production and health and welfare status of laying hens.

scholarly journals Use of Post-Extraction Fir Wood Greenery Residues by the Bioconversion Method with the Production of Feed Additives

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Olga O. Mamaeva ◽  
Elena V. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Protein Feed

The effectiveness of forest resources depends on the comprehensiveness and rationality of their consumption and processing into finished products. This article discusses the problem of using solid fir wood greenery residues generated during the industrial production of essential oils. Bioconversion is considered to be the most promising use. The objective of this research was to study the chemical composition of bioconversion products of fir wood greenery-based substrates. The РР-3.2 strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél was used as a biodestructor. In the process of bioconversion, the contents of polysaccharides and lignin substances is reduced to 38% and 28%, respectively. Up to 20% of protein accumulates in bioconversion products of fir wood greenery. The amount of nucleic acids is not more than 1.5 g per kg; the contents of heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and lead, do not exceed the maximum permissible concentration standards. The substrate weight loss reaches 15%. When fallen leaves and post-extraction poplar bud residues are added to the substrate, the substrate-destroying activity of fungi increases, and the protein content increases by 3%. The digestibility of products as a result of bioconversion increases 1.6–2.8 times depending on the substrate composition. The obtained data support the recommendation of post-fermented substrates based on fir wood greenery and balsam poplar biomass for use as a protein feed additive.

scholarly journals QUALITY EVALUATION OF PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVE AND TURKEY COMPOUND FEED

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
В. Iegorov ◽  
A. Makarynska ◽  
N. Vorona
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Periodic Action ◽  
Complete Protein ◽  
Protein Feed

The article describes that there is a problem of providing the population of the planet with a complete protein in the world today. It is proved that its lack can lead to significant pathologies. This issue becomes very acute with the rapid increase in the number of people on Earth. In this situation the challenge is complicated for compound feed producers because it is necessary to provide protein feeds to farm animals and poultry to meet people's needs for animal protein products. However, feed manufacturers should not use protein raw materials that can be consumed as food. Based on cooperation with compound feed producers, the task of finding alternative sources of protein raw materials, preferably of vegetable origin, is set. The optimal composition of protein feed additive (PFA) for soybean meal replacement in compound feeds for farm animals and poultry has been developed. PFA can be manufactured at a feed mill with portion technology by weighing portions of components and mixing in a paddle periodic action mixer. PFA can be used as a part of compound feeds for poultry farms and livestock complexes, feed concentrates for poultry and livestock farms, feed mills with advanced technology, inter-farm or mini-feed mills. We have developed compound feed recipes for heavy type turkeys using PFA to determine the cost-effectiveness of using PFA in compound feed. Turkeys have been chosen as a poultry because they are the most demanding birds to the quality and quantity of protein in the ration. The experimental samples of PFA were made in accordance with the developed recipes. We determined their physical properties and chemical composition. The PFA experimental samples match the quality of soybean meal according to the physical properties and chemical composition. In accordance with the developed recipes of mixed feeds for heavy type turkeys experimental samples of starter and grower feeds were made. Research of the physical properties and chemical composition of compound feeds has shown that the replacement of soybean meal with PFA in their composition does not affect the nutritional value and technological properties of the final product.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment of Steel 1.1730 with Concentrated Solar Energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Maria Stoicanescu ◽  
Aurel Crisan ◽  
Ioan Milosan ◽  
Mihai Alin Pop ◽  
Jose Rodriguez Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents and discusses research conducted with the purpose of developing the use of solar energy in the heat treatment of steels. For this, a vertical axis solar furnace called at Plataforma Solar de Almeria was adapted such as to allow control of the heating and cooling processes of samples made from 1.1730 steel. Thus temperature variation in pre-set points of the heated samples could be monitored in correlation with the working parameters: the level of solar radiation and implicitly the energy used the conditions of sample exposed to solar radiation, and the various protections and cooling mediums.The recorded data allowed establishing the types of treatments applied for certain working conditions. The distribution of hardness, as the representative feature resulting from heat treatment, was analysed on all sides of the treated samples. In correlation with the time-temperature-transformation diagram of 1.1730 steel, the measured values confirmed the possibility of using solar energy in all types of heat treatment applied to this steel. In parallel the efficiency of using solar energy was analysed in comparison to the energy obtained by burning methane gas for the heat treatment for the same set of samples. The analysis considered energy consumption, productivity and the impact on the environment. Thanks to various data obtained through developed experiences, which cover a wide range of thermic treatments applied steels 1.1730 model, we can certainly state that this can be a solid base in using solar energy in applications of thermic treatment at a high industrial level.

Application of the feed additive «Abiotonic» in poultry farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Valentina M. Bachinskaya ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr A. Deltsov ◽  
Dmitrii V. Gonchar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Nonessential Amino Acids

This paper presents a study of the effect of the feed additive «Abiotonic» on the indicators of egg and meat productivity when applied to laying hens. It was found that with the additional introduction of this additive into the standard diet of poultry, the content of nonessential amino acids in their meat is 10% higher compared to the same parameters in the meat of chickens of the control group, the content of partially nonessential amino acids is by 8,5%, and of irreplaceable amino acids is by 6,7%. In addition, in the meat of laying hens, which used the feed additive «Abiotonic», the content of selenium (Se) is 29,4% higher than in the meat of birds of the control group, and iron (Fe) – by 20%. The average daily gain in live weight of the birds in the experimental group was 3,6 g more than in the control hens. Microbiological research made it possible to establish that poultry meat, regardless of the introduction of the feed additive «Abiotonik», meets the established requirements and is safe for human consumption. «Abiotonic», in addition, significantly improves the egg production of birds. It was found that the weight of eggs with the introduction of this feed additive in the diet in addition to the compound feed increased by an average of 1,2 g, and the egg production increased by 23 eggs in 7 days.

ESTIMATION OF EFFECTIVE USE OF PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVES PRODUCED BY PROCESSING OF MILK WHEY WITH YEAST CULTURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
A. Ilyushchanka ◽  
I. Charniak ◽  
R. Kusin ◽  
N. Yakimovich ◽  
I. Dubina
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Protein Feed

The results of testing the innovative protein feed additive "DKB-MS" are presented. It was obtained by processing milk whey with yeast cultures when feeding young cattle and pigs, which indicate the high efficiency of the developed additives. The achieved average daily weight gain of the test animals compared to the control ones, the absence of allergic reactions and 100% safety make it possible to recommend the use of "DKB-MS" additive in industrial cattle breeding and pig breeding.

Heat Treatment of Nanostructured Powders Obtained by Spark Erosion of WC-8Co Cemented Carbide in Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
M.I. Dvornik ◽  
Elena A. Mikhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Rapid Crystallization ◽  
Excess Carbon ◽  
Spark Erosion ◽  
Chemical And Phase Compositions ◽  
Process Productivity ◽  
Spherical Microparticles ◽  
Nanostructured Powders

Spark erosion of WC-8Co carbide pieces in oil resulted in a powder consisting of nanostructured spherical microparticles formed by rapid crystallization of the melt. These particles consist of rounded WC grains with an average diameter of about 0.18 μm, surrounded by cobalt. The process productivity, specific energy consumption, microstructure, particle size distribution, chemical and phase compositions of the obtained powder are determined. It was found that as a result of oil pyrolysis, free carbon is formed (3.4 %), which makes this powder unsuitable for the production of carbide products from it. A technique has been developed and the process of controlled removal of excess carbon by annealing the obtained powder in a CO2 atmosphere at a temperature of 1000 °C has been studied. As a result of annealing for 120 minutes, the carbon content decreases to the required value (5.6 %). Studies of the phase composition and microstructure showed that the obtained particles consist of elongated WC grains, the average diameter of which increased to 0.43 μm.

Conversion of Canola Meal into a High-Protein Feed Additive via Solid-State Fungal Incubation Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Croat ◽  
Mark Berhow ◽  
Bishnu Karki ◽  
Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan ◽  
William R. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Protein Feed

Performance of laying hens fed on diets containing heat-treated beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor), cotyledons and hulls

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-701
Author(s):  
G. Olaboro ◽  
L. D. Campbell ◽  
R. R. Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Vicia Faba L

SUMMARYTwo experiments were conducted to study the influence of heat treatment of Vicia faba beans on the productive performance of laying hens fed diets containing large proportions of the beans. In the first experiment, the effects of extruding and pelleting the beans were studied while in the second experiment the effects of autoclaving at 121 °C for 30 min the cotyledons and hulls of the beans were evaluated. Hyline-W36 layers were used in the first experiment while two strains (Shaver-288 and Dekalb) of birds were used in the second experiment. Each experiment lasted 5 months during which data on egg production, egg weight, feed intake, mortality and body-weight gain of birds were collected. The results obtained indicated that heat treatment (extruding, pelleting and autoclaving) of the beans, cotyledons and hulls had no beneficial effect on the productive performance of laying hens fed on diets containing large proportions of the heated beans, cotyledons and hulls. Egg-size reducing factors appeared to be concentrated in the cotyledons rather than the hulls of the beans.

USE OF FABABEANS IN DIETS FOR LAYING HENS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. CAMPBELL ◽  
G. OLABORO ◽  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
D. WADDELL
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Supplemental Protein

A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate fababeans as a source of supplemental protein for use in diets for laying hens. Experimental and commercial-type feeding trials were used to determine the influence of level of dietary addition of fababeans, methionine supplementation, heat treatment of fababeans and dehulling of fababeans on productive performance. When diets adequately supplemented with methionine were used, egg production rates of hens fed fababeans were similar to those of controls except for high dietary levels of fababeans (in excess of 25%) where a depression was indicated. Mortality rates were not influenced by addition of fababeans to the diet. Hens fed fababeans consistently laid eggs of a smaller size than those of controls and the extent of the egg size depression was related to the level of fababeans in the diet. The egg size depressing effect of fababeans was not related to dietary levels of protein or energy and was not influenced by heat treatment of fababeans or removal of hulls from fababeans. Fababeans can be used effectively as a protein source in diets for laying hens and the effect on egg size should be a factor given consideration when the choice to use fababeans is made.

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