Serious Injuries and Fatalities: A Study of Data and Prevention Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bibby
Keyword(s):  
Body Part ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Blame Culture ◽  
Regulated Industries ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Safety Procedures ◽  
Accurate Reporting

Abstract Serious injuries and fatalities (SIFs) occurring in the workplace have become a significant focus in the field of safety. Over the past 20 years there has been a steady decline in the prevalence of all injuries, however the rates of SIFs have plateaued in recent years, contrary to Heinrich's Triangle. In one of the largest studies of its kind, we set out to identify trends and common factors of SIF incidents to identify strategies to reduce the risk of SIF incidents occurring. We have studied OSHA log records and OSHA recorded fatalities of over 50,000 companies over multiple years broken down by numerous different indicies including industry, age, day of the week, body part affected, type of incident and severity of incident to give a picture of SIF prevalence and trends. This data has also been cross referenced against qualititive information of these companies to identify trends, commonalities and disparities in order to identify causes and opportunities for improvement. The data reported on has shown different risk groups for SIF incidents occurring, that 60% of companies are at low risk of SIF incidents occurring and identifying the highest risk injuries for SIF events occurring (drilling and construction work). In addition, seemingly random factors such as day of the week and month of they year are found to statistically vary, presenting opportunities for targetted outreach based on this data in order to reduce risk. Furthermore, the study reveals companies who work with chemicals, performing welding work and work at heights should be the top targets for SIF prevention intervention, whilst the impact of heavily regulated industries (e.g., PSM facilities) and ensuring organisations have good safety procedures are linked to lower risks of SIF events occuring. This information is of valuable use for all organisations who are interested in truly understanding the root causes of incidents and learning techniques to achieve a Vision Zero of a reduction of incidents, particularly serious injuries and fatalities, to the lowest possible level. A no-blame culture to the accurate reporting of incidents is also vital to a deeper understanding of causation and prevention.

scholarly journals Frequent Hospital Readmissions for Clostridium difficile Infection and the Impact on Estimates of Hospital-Associated C. difficile Burden

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney R. Murphy ◽  
Taliser R. Avery ◽  
Erik R. Dubberke ◽  
Susan S. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effective Prevention Strategies ◽  
Accurate Reporting ◽  
New Onset

Objective.Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is associated with hospitalization and may cause readmission following admission for any reason. We aimed to measure the incidence of readmissions due to CDI.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Patients.Adult inpatients in Orange County, California, who presented with new-onset CDI within 12 weeks of discharge.Methods.We assessed mandatory 2000–2007 hospital discharge data for trends in hospital-associated CDI (HA-CDI) incidence, with and without inclusion of postdischarge CDI (PD-CDI) events resulting in rehospitalization within 12 weeks of discharge. We measured the effect of including PD-CDI events on hospital-specific CDI incidence, a mandatory reporting measure in California, and on relative hospital ranks by CDI incidence.Results.From 2000 to 2007, countywide hospital-onset CDI (HO-CDI) incidence increased from 15 per 10,000 to 22 per 10,000 admissions. When including PD-CDI events, HA-CDI incidence doubled (29 per 10,000 in 2000 and 52 per 10,000 in 2007). Overall, including PD-CDI events resulted in significantly higher hospital-specific CDI incidence, although hospitals had disproportionate amounts of HA-CDI occurring postdischarge. This resulted in substantial shifts in some hospitals' rankings by CDI incidence. In multivariate models, both HO and PD-CDI were associated with increasing age, higher length of stay, and select comorbidities. Race and Hispanic ethnicity were predictive of PD-CDI but not HO-CDI.Conclusions.PD-CDI events associated with rehospitalization are increasingly common. The majority of HA-CDI cases may be occurring postdischarge, raising important questions about both accurate reporting and effective prevention strategies. Some risk factors for PD-CDI may be different than those for HO-CDI, allowing additional identification of high-risk groups before discharge.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(1):20-28

scholarly journals Understanding and responding to COVID-19 in Wales: protocol for a privacy-protecting data platform for enhanced epidemiology and evaluation of interventions

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e043010
Author(s):  
Jane Lyons ◽  
Ashley Akbari ◽  
Fatemeh Torabi ◽  
Gareth I Davies ◽  
Laura North ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Healthcare Utilisation ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe emergence of the novel respiratory SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent COVID-19 pandemic have required rapid assimilation of population-level data to understand and control the spread of infection in the general and vulnerable populations. Rapid analyses are needed to inform policy development and target interventions to at-risk groups to prevent serious health outcomes. We aim to provide an accessible research platform to determine demographic, socioeconomic and clinical risk factors for infection, morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, to measure the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare utilisation and long-term health, and to enable the evaluation of natural experiments of policy interventions.Methods and analysisTwo privacy-protecting population-level cohorts have been created and derived from multisourced demographic and healthcare data. The C20 cohort consists of 3.2 million people in Wales on the 1 January 2020 with follow-up until 31 May 2020. The complete cohort dataset will be updated monthly with some individual datasets available daily. The C16 cohort consists of 3 million people in Wales on the 1 January 2016 with follow-up to 31 December 2019. C16 is designed as a counterfactual cohort to provide contextual comparative population data on disease, health service utilisation and mortality. Study outcomes will: (a) characterise the epidemiology of COVID-19, (b) assess socioeconomic and demographic influences on infection and outcomes, (c) measure the impact of COVID-19 on short -term and longer-term population outcomes and (d) undertake studies on the transmission and spatial spread of infection.Ethics and disseminationThe Secure Anonymised Information Linkage-independent Information Governance Review Panel has approved this study. The study findings will be presented to policy groups, public meetings, national and international conferences, and published in peer-reviewed journals.

scholarly journals The impact of regular sperm donation on bulls’ seminal plasma hormonal profile and phantom response

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Kowalczyk ◽  
Elżbieta Gałęska ◽  
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska ◽  
Anna Szul ◽  
Leszek Hebda
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Sperm Donation ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the concentration of hormones in the seminal plasma, the bull maintenance system in the insemination station, and the regularity of sperm donation and the response to the phantom (libido level). An additional goal was to determine whether there is a relationship between the hormonal profile in the blood, the sperm plasma, the oxidative and antioxidant profile in the blood of bulls and the biometry of their testicles and scrotum, as well as the quality of their sperm in both different seasons and intensities of reproductive use. For the study, 220 healthy and sexually mature Polish Holstein–Friesian bulls were used. They all had normal libido and were fed equally. The animals were grouped according to the scheme: young (16–20 month/n = 60) and old (26–30 month/n = 60) including: individually housed (n = 30) and group housed (n = 30) young, old individually housed (n = 30) and group housed (n = 30) (n total animals = 120); young animals donating semen once a week (every Thursday) (n = 25) and sporadically (once every two months on a random day of the week) (n = 25), old animals donating semen once a week (every Thursday) (n = 25 ) and sporadic donors (once every two months on a random day of the week) (n = 25) (n total animals = 100). When analyzing the results of this study, it should be stated that regular use has a positive effect on the secretion of sex hormones in bulls. Higher levels of testosterone and lower levels of estradiol and prostaglandins resulted in higher sexual performance, expressed by a stronger response to the phantom. The differences in favor of regular use were independent of the bull's age. The results of our research illustrate that the quality of semen and its freezing potential may depend on the season and frequency of its collection, as well as on the age of the males.

scholarly journals Audio-Based Drone Detection and Identification Using Deep Learning Techniques with Dataset Enhancement through Generative Adversarial Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 4953
Author(s):  
Sara Al-Emadi ◽  
Abdulla Al-Ali ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Generative Adversarial Networks ◽  
Generative Adversarial Network ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Drones are becoming increasingly popular not only for recreational purposes but in day-to-day applications in engineering, medicine, logistics, security and others. In addition to their useful applications, an alarming concern in regard to the physical infrastructure security, safety and privacy has arisen due to the potential of their use in malicious activities. To address this problem, we propose a novel solution that automates the drone detection and identification processes using a drone’s acoustic features with different deep learning algorithms. However, the lack of acoustic drone datasets hinders the ability to implement an effective solution. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by introducing a hybrid drone acoustic dataset composed of recorded drone audio clips and artificially generated drone audio samples using a state-of-the-art deep learning technique known as the Generative Adversarial Network. Furthermore, we examine the effectiveness of using drone audio with different deep learning algorithms, namely, the Convolutional Neural Network, the Recurrent Neural Network and the Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network in drone detection and identification. Moreover, we investigate the impact of our proposed hybrid dataset in drone detection. Our findings prove the advantage of using deep learning techniques for drone detection and identification while confirming our hypothesis on the benefits of using the Generative Adversarial Networks to generate real-like drone audio clips with an aim of enhancing the detection of new and unfamiliar drones.

Patients With Invasive Breast Cancer Who Refuse Treatment: An Analysis of Associated Factors and Impact on Survival

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110241
Author(s):  
Jackelyn J. Moya ◽  
Ashkan Moazzez ◽  
Junko J. Ozao-Choy ◽  
Christine Dauphine
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
National Cancer Database ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
The Impact

Background Completion of surgical resection and adjuvant/neoadjuvant treatments (chemotherapy, radiation, and endocrine therapy) is necessary to achieve optimal outcomes in invasive breast cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of patients refusing treatment and to analyze the impact of refusal on survival. Study Design A retrospective cohort study of invasive breast cancer cases diagnosed 2004-2016 was performed utilizing the National Cancer Database. Results Of 2 058 568 cases comprising the study cohort, .6% refused recommended surgery, 14.1% refused chemotherapy, 5.5% refused radiation, and 6.3% refused endocrine therapy. Patients refusing therapy were older and more likely uninsured; they did not live farther from the treating hospital. Racial disparities were also associated with refusal. Surgery refusal had the highest hazard ratio for mortality (2.7; 95% CI: 2.5-3.0, P < .001) compared to chemotherapy (1.3; 95% CI: 1.3-1.4, P < .001), radiation (1.8; 95% CI: 1.7-1.9, P < .001), and endocrine therapy (1.5; 95% CI: 1.4-1.6, P < .001) independent of race, insurance, receptor status, and stage. Conclusion This study demonstrates significant associations with refusal of breast cancer treatment and quantifies the impact on mortality, which may help to identify at-risk groups for whom interventions could prevent increases in mortality associated with declining treatment.

scholarly journals CanAssist Breast Impacting Clinical Treatment Decisions in Early-Stage HR+ Breast Cancer Patients: Indian Scenario

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Sankaran ◽  
Jyoti Bajpai Dikshit ◽  
Chandra Prakash SV ◽  
SE Mallikarjuna ◽  
SP Somashekhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCanAssist Breast (CAB) has thus far been validated on a retrospective cohort of 1123 patients who are mostly Indians. Distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) of more than 95% was observed with significant separation (P < 0.0001) between low-risk and high-risk groups. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of CAB in guiding physicians to assess risk of cancer recurrence and to make informed treatment decisions for patients. Of more than 500 patients who have undergone CAB test, detailed analysis of 455 patients who were treated based on CAB-based risk predictions by more than 140 doctors across India is presented here. Majority of patients tested had node negative, T2, and grade 2 disease. Age and luminal subtypes did not affect the performance of CAB. On comparison with Adjuvant! Online (AOL), CAB categorized twice the number of patients into low risk indicating potential of overtreatment by AOL-based risk categorization. We assessed the impact of CAB testing on treatment decisions for 254 patients and observed that 92% low-risk patients were not given chemotherapy. Overall, we observed that 88% patients were either given or not given chemotherapy based on whether they were stratified as high risk or low risk for distant recurrence respectively. Based on these results, we conclude that CAB has been accepted by physicians to make treatment planning and provides a cost-effective alternative to other similar multigene prognostic tests currently available.

scholarly journals Australia's National Suicide Prevention Strategy: the next chapter

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Robinson ◽  
Patrick McGorry ◽  
Meredith G Harris ◽  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
Philip Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Prevention Activities ◽  
The Impact

Australia?s National Suicide Prevention Strategy (NSPS) is about to move into a new funding phase. In this context this paper considers the emphasis of the NSPS since its inception in 1999. Certain high-risk groups (particularly people with mental illness and people who have selfharmed) have been relatively neglected, and some promising approaches (particularly selective and indicated interventions) have been under-emphasised. This balance should be redressed and the opportunity should be taken to build the evidence-base regarding suicide prevention. Such steps have the potential to maximise the impact of suicide prevention activities in Australia.

Maximizing Recall of Gruesome Images for Health Effects Advertising: An Experimental Investigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennen W. Mills ◽  
Owen B. J. Carter ◽  
Robert J. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Advertising Effectiveness ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Video Images ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this case study was to experimentally manipulate the impact on arousal and recall of two characteristics frequently occurring in gruesome depictions of body parts in smoking cessation advertisements: the presence or absence of an external physical insult to the body part depicted; whether or not the image contains a clear figure/ground demarcation. Three hundred participants (46% male, 54% female; mean age 27.3 years, SD = 11.4) participated in a two-stage online study wherein they viewed and responded to a series of gruesome 4-s video images. Seventy-two video clips were created to provide a sample of images across the two conditions: physical insult versus no insult and clear figure/ground demarcation versus merged or no clear figure/ground demarcation. In stage one, participants viewed a randomly ordered series of 36 video clips and rated how “confronting” they considered each to be. Seven days later (stage two), to test recall of each video image, participants viewed all 72 clips and were asked to identify those they had seen previously. Images containing a physical insult were consistently rated more confronting and were remembered more accurately than images with no physical insult. Images with a clear figure/ground demarcation were rated as no more confronting but were consistently recalled with greater accuracy than those with unclear figure/ground demarcation. Makers of gruesome health warning television advertisements should incorporate some form of physical insult and use a clear figure/ground demarcation to maximize image recall and subsequent potential advertising effectiveness.

Does time-varying illiquidity matter for the Indian stock market? Evidence from high-frequency data

2021 ◽  
pp. 031289622110102
Author(s):  
Mousumi Bhattacharya ◽  
Sharad Nath Bhattacharya ◽  
Sumit Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Intraday Data ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Holiday Effects ◽  
Indian Stock Market ◽  
The Impact

This article examines variations in illiquidity in the Indian stock market, using intraday data. Panel regression reveals prevalent day-of-the-week, month, and holiday effects in illiquidity across industries, especially during exogenous shock periods. Illiquidity fluctuations are higher during the second and third quarters. The ranking of most illiquid stocks varies, depending on whether illiquidity is measured using an adjusted or unadjusted Amihud measure. Using pooled quantile regression, we note that illiquidity plays an important asymmetric role in explaining stock returns under up- and down-market conditions in the presence of open interest and volatility. The impact of illiquidity is more severe during periods of extreme high and low returns. JEL Classification: G10, G12

Validation of the decipher genomic classifier (GC) in SAKK 09/10: A phase III randomized trial of dose-escalated salvage radiotherapy (SRT) after radical prostatectomy (RP).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5010-5010
Author(s):  
Alan Dal Pra ◽  
Pirus Ghadjar ◽  
Stefanie Hayoz ◽  
Daniel Eidelberg Spratt ◽  
Vinnie YT Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Clinical Progression ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Prognostic Utility ◽  
The Impact

5010 Background: GC has been shown to independently prognosticate outcomes in prostate cancer. Herein, we validate the GC in a European randomized phase III trial of dose escalated SRT after RP. Methods: SAKK 09/10 (NCT01272050) randomized 350 patients with biochemical recurrence after RP to 64Gy vs 70Gy. No patients received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or pelvic nodal radiotherapy. A pre-specified statistical plan was developed to assess the impact of the GC on clinical outcomes. RP samples were centrally reviewed for the highest-grade tumor and those passing quality control (QC) were run on a clinical-grade whole-transcriptome assay to obtain the GC score (0 to 1; < 0.45, 0.45-0.6, > 0.6 for low-, intermediate-, and high, respectively). The primary aim of this study was to validate the GC for the prediction of freedom from biochemical progression (FFBP) using Cox multivariable analysis (MVA) adjusting for age, T-category, Gleason score, persistent PSA after RP, PSA at randomization, and randomization arm. The secondary aims were to evaluate the association of GC with clinical progression-free survival (CPFS) and use of salvage ADT. Results: Of 233 patients with tissue available, 226 passed QC and were included for analysis. The final GC cohort was a representative sample of the overall cohort, with a median follow-up of 6.3 years (IQR 6.0-7.2). GC score (continuous per 0.1 unit, score 0-1) was independently associated with FFBP (HR 1.14 [95% CI 1.03-1.25], p = 0.009). Higher GC scores were independently associated with CPFS, use of salvage ADT, and rapid biochemical failure ( < 18 months after SRT). High- vs. low/intermediate-GC showed a HR of 2.22 ([95% CI 1.37-3.58], p = 0.001) for FFBP, 2.29 ([95% CI 1.32-3.98], p = 0.003) for CPFS, and 2.99 ([95% CI 1.50-5.95], p = 0.002) for use of salvage ADT. Patients with high-GC had 5-year FFBP of 45% [95% CI 32-59] vs 71% [95% CI 64-78] in low-intermediate GC. Similar estimates for GC risk groups were observed in the 64Gy vs 70Gy in GC high (5-year FFBP of 51% [95% CI 32-70] vs 39% [95% CI 20-59]) and in low-intermediate GC (75% [95% CI 65-84] vs 69% [95% CI 59-78]). Conclusions: This study represents the first contemporary randomized controlled trial in patients with recurrent prostate cancer treated with early SRT without ADT that has validated the prognostic utility of the GC. Independent of standard clinicopathologic variables and radiotherapy dose, patients with a high-GC were more than twice as likely than a lower GC score to experience biochemical and clinical progression and receive salvage ADT. This data confirms the clinical value of Decipher GC for tailoring treatment in the postoperative salvage setting.

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