scholarly journals Observational Study: Application of Therapy with Equine Serum for Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Tucumán, Argentina

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Elena Chahla ◽  
Luis Medina Ruiz ◽  
Miguel Enrique Ferré Contreras ◽  
Mario Raya ◽  
Natalia Herrera MsC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Public ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Study Application ◽  
Severe Patient

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this work is to make an observational study of the usage in moderate or severe state COVID-19 patients of a new therapeutic commercial product obtained after immunization of horses: CoviFab® ELEA F(ab')2 fragmented equine immunoglobulins anti SARS-CoV2.Methods: Participant Centres depend on the Public Health System of Tucumán, Argentina were recruitment. Subjects were assigned to the Moderate Patient Group (MPG) and the Severe Patient Group (SPG), classified according to WHO criteria.In total, n = 84 were enrolled for this study. The subjects were divided into MPG and SPG. All participants were evaluated by physical examination and COVID-19 infection was diagnosed with positive RT-PCR. Each subject received two doses of 0.16 ml / kg, according to the subject's body weight. A generalized linear model with binomial distribution was adjusted for the number of symptoms. Data was analysed using proportion, bivariate and logistic regression. P-value was considered significant at the p< 0.05 threshold.Results: Both groups were similar in age, sex, and comorbidities. A higher proportion of patient with medical discharge was observed in MPG (91.4%) vs. SPG (55.3%) (p= 0.004). MPG showed 9 times more chance of receiving medical discharge than SPG (9.33 CI= [1.65, 52.81]; p= 0.012). Then, the chance to get medical discharge was independent of variables sex, age, and comorbidities. Conclusions: Treatment with Equine Serum in patients with moderate and severe disease of COVID-19 managed to slightly reduce hospitalization time. This treatment improved the clinical state to obtain medical discharge. The bivariate analysis showed 8 times more chance in MGP versus SGP to receive of medical discharge and this chance was independent of the pre-existent comorbidities.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in obstetrics 2020: the experience at a New York City medical center

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 892-899
Author(s):  
Ashlesha K. Dayal ◽  
Armin S. Razavi ◽  
Amir K. Jaffer ◽  
Nishant Prasad ◽  
Daniel W. Skupski
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriage ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Workforce Flexibility

AbstractThe global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the early months of 2020 was rapid and exposed vulnerabilities in health systems throughout the world. Obstetric SARS-CoV-2 disease was discovered to be largely asymptomatic carriage but included a small rate of severe disease with rapid decompensation in otherwise healthy women. Higher rates of hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and intubation, along with higher infection rates in minority and disadvantaged populations have been documented across regions. The operational gymnastics that occurred daily during the Covid-19 emergency needed to be translated to the obstetrics realm, both inpatient and ambulatory. Resources for adaptation to the public health crisis included workforce flexibility, frequent communication of operational and protocol changes for evaluation and management, and application of innovative ideas to meet the demand.

scholarly journals Exploring the Willingness to Accept SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in a University Population in Southern Italy, September to November 2020

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Gabriella Di Giuseppe ◽  
Concetta Paola Pelullo ◽  
Giorgia Della Polla ◽  
Maria Pavia ◽  
Italo Francesco Angelillo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Faculty Member ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
University Population ◽  
To Receive

Understanding whether members of the university population are willing to receive a future vaccination against COVID-19 and identifying barriers may help public health authorities to develop effective strategies and interventions to contain COVID-19. This cross-sectional study explored the willingness to accept a future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a university population in Southern Italy. The perceived risk level of developing COVID-19 was 6.5 and it was significantly higher among females, younger subjects, and those who agreed/strongly agreed that COVID-19 is a severe disease. Only 21.4% of respondents were not worried at all regarding the safety of the vaccine. Males, not being married/cohabitant, being a faculty member, those who perceived a lower risk of developing COVID-19, and those who did not need information regarding the vaccination against COVID-19 were significantly more likely to have no concern at all regarding the safety of the vaccine. The vast majority (84.1%) were willing to receive a future vaccine against COVID-19. Almost coherently with predictors of concern on the safety of the vaccine, being male, not being married/cohabitant, being a faculty member, not being concerned at all that COVID-19 vaccination might not be safe, and agreeing that COVID-19 can have serious health consequences were significant predictors of the willingness to receive the vaccine against COVID-19. A considerable proportion of the population had a positive willingness to receive the future COVID-19 vaccine, although some concerns have been expressed regarding the effectiveness and safety and public health activities seem necessary to achieve the rate that can lead to the protection of the community.

Cross-National Focus Group Response to Autonomous Vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199236
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Norton ◽  
Melissa Ruhl ◽  
Tim Armitage ◽  
Brian Matthews ◽  
John Miles
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Public ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Willingness To Use

The development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is advancing quickly in some enclaves around the world. Consequently, AVs exist in the public consciousness, featuring regularly in mainstream media. As the form and function of AVs emerge, the attitudes of potential users become more important. The extent to which the public trusts AV technology and anticipates benefits, will drive consumer willingness to use AVs. Broadly, public attitudes will determine whether AVs can attract public investment in infrastructure and become a feature of the future transport mix or fail to realize the potential their developers assert. As part of UK Autodrive, a program trialing the introduction of AVs in the United Kingdom, researchers conducted focus groups in five UK cities, and a comparison focus group in San Francisco (December 2017 to September 2018) using representative samples (total n = 137). Focus group facilitators guided discussions in three areas considered central to usage decisions: trust in the technology, ownership models, and community benefit. This paper describes findings from a quasi-quantitative study supported with qualitative insights. This research provides three key takeaways centering on trust in the technology and in delivering benefit. First, some participants gain trust through experience and others through evidence. Second, participants had difficulty discriminating between AV developers, indicating a need for industry cooperation. Third, partnerships were found to demonstrate trust, highlighting the need for more and deeper partnerships moving forward. Generally, participants had positive attitudes toward AVs and expect AVs to provide benefits. However, these attitudes and expectations could change as AV development progresses.

Incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in patients on H1-receptor antagonists receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522110039
Author(s):  
Christine Barrett ◽  
Seon Jo Park ◽  
Lindsay Edmondson ◽  
Dulabh Monga
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
H1 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
To Receive

Objective This study determined the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in patients receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy while on H1-receptor antagonists (H1RAs). Prophylaxis for patients receiving oxaliplatin is not currently recommended. H1RAs are used for the treatment of reactions; however, prophylactic H1RAs have not been well-studied. Methods This retrospective chart review included patients with solid tumor malignancies who received H1RAs while on oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy between August 1, 2016 and October 31, 2019. Results Of fifty-one patients, there were four hypersensitivity reactions (8%), most of which were mild, occurred within 60 minutes of the start of the infusion, and did not result in an interruption in treatment. One severe reaction occurred, which required discontinuation of therapy. Forty-two patients (82%) were able to receive at least 9 cycles of oxaliplatin without a reported reaction. Conclusion In this observational study, the incidence rate of hypersensitivity reactions in patients receiving oxaliplatin while on H1RAs was lower than reported in previous literature. Most reactions were mild, and patients were able to continue oxaliplatin-based therapy. With future, randomized controlled trials, H1RAs may prove to be effective in preventing or delaying the onset of hypersensitivity reactions related to oxaliplatin.

VP39 The Alphabet Lottery? How NICE Outcomes Vary By Appraisal Committee

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
Richard Macaulay ◽  
Lok Wan Liu ◽  
Cornelia Roibu ◽  
Andrea Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Appraisal Committee ◽  
Technology Appraisal ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
C 50 ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Disciplinary Group ◽  
53 C 55

IntroductionNICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) makes recommendations on the public reimbursement of medicines based on their clinical- and cost-effectiveness. The recommendation is made by an Appraisal Committee (comprising a multi-disciplinary group of independent experts) as part of a technology appraisal. There are four Appraisal Committees (A,B,C,D); this research investigates whether appraisal outcomes vary by committee.MethodsAll publicly-available Final Appraisal Determinations from NICE Single Technology Appraisals (STA) were screened (01/10/2009-14/11/2018) and key data were extracted. Homogeneity in rates of acceptance or rejection across the committees was assessed using Chi-squared tests.ResultsThe Appraisal Committee was identified for 298 technologies, 56% (168/298) of which were ‘recommended’. The number of technologies assessed by each committee was similar (A:79, B:62, C:91, D:66). However, STAs conducted by Committee D were significantly less likely to receive ‘recommended’ outcomes (A:68% [54/79], B:65% [40/62], C:53% [48/91], D:39% [26/66]; p < 0.01). STAs for oncology indications had higher ’not recommended’ outcomes than those for non-oncology indications (25% vs. 9%). The lower ‘recommendation’ rates for committee D persisted across oncology (A:60%, B:83%, C:50%, D:38%; p = 0.01) and non-oncology indications (A:73%, B:53%, C:55%, D:40%; p < 0.01). However, STAs conducted by Committee D were significantly more likely to receive ‘optimized’ recommendations (A:16%, B:21%, C:33%, D: 36%; p < 0.01) and when considering the rates of ‘recommended’ and ‘optimized’ outcomes compared to ‘only in research’ and ‘not recommended’ outcomes, no significant differences were found (A:85%, B: 85%, C:86%, D:76%; p = 0.27).ConclusionsSTAs undertaken by NICE Appraisal Committee D was associated with a significantly lower rate of ‘recommended’ outcomes but tended to an ‘optimized’ recommendation significantly more than the other committees. Further research is needed to determine if this reflects any deviation in uniform implementation of NICE methodology between Committees.

Monitoring compliance with Kenya’s shisha ban in select public hospitality venues in Nairobi

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056725
Author(s):  
Simone Fukuda ◽  
Salome Nyambura ◽  
Joel Gitali ◽  
Thomas Lindi ◽  
Samson Otieno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
African Region ◽  
High Compliance ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Outdoor Area ◽  
Low Prevalence

IntroductionSeven countries in the WHO African Region have banned the sale and/or use of shisha. In 2017, Kenya implemented a comprehensive ban on shisha, including the use, import, manufacture, sale, offer of sale, advertising, promotion, distribution and encouraging or facilitating its use. The objective of this study was to assess compliance with the ban of shisha use in select public hospitality venues in Nairobi, Kenya.MethodsObservational study that used a purposive sampling to select restaurants, bars and nightclubs where shisha use took place before the ban. A total of 200 venues were visited in seven areas of Nairobi City County, Kenya. Shisha use was defined as at least one person smoking shisha in any indoor or outdoor area of the venue accessible to the public, and indicators of shisha use as the display of any shisha equipment.ResultsOverall, 81.5% of the venues visited were in compliance. Shisha smoking was observed in 16.5% of all venues and shisha equipment alone was observed in 2.0%. Among the different venue types, 94.6% of restaurants were compliant, 79.7% of bars and 75.6% of nightclubs.DiscussionThe overall high compliance indicates that Kenya’s shisha ban is well implemented in Nairobi, and may be explained by the comprehensive nature of the shisha ban and the low prevalence in the general population. The variation in compliance may be due to the higher rates of use in university students and the additional resources required to enforce the ban in areas with high rates of crime.

FACTS, MYTHS AND INFODEMICS IN COVID-19 IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS AND GENERAL POPULATION: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Shrivastava P ◽  
Verma S ◽  
Khushboo Khushboo ◽  
Bhattacharya P K
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Health Related

Despite the ubiquity of health-related communications via social media, no consensus has emerged what information should be conveyed and how it should be conveyed to avoid creating panic among general population. With lockdowns social media, mass media became as a habit by people for news, information regarding COVID-19 and it is practiced even after lockdown. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mass media, social media and local news has become as the source of a toxic “infodemic” source for public. It contained both solicited and unsolicited advice. No conceptual model exists for examining the roles of media. It is important to rst assess the important mis-information, role of infodemics and prevalent casualness among the public regarding the COVID-19. Till mass vaccination is not commenced it is prudent to emphasize guidelines and practices as per COVID guidelines like social distancing, wearing mask, hand hygiene

scholarly journals Acceptance Rates and Beliefs toward COVID-19 Vaccination among the General Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Yasmin ◽  
Waleed Asghar ◽  
Maryam Salma Babar ◽  
Hiba Khan ◽  
Shoaib Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Polio Vaccination ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Do So

Developing countries like Pakistan have previously suffered from barriers to acceptance of vaccination by the public because of financial and belief barriers. This study aims to explore these beliefs and highlight concerns regarding vaccine hesitancy in the general population of Pakistan since they are a hindrance to an effective coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) immunization in the country. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 1,778 participants from all four provinces of Pakistan. Results from the study showed more than half of the participants to be unsure of the safety (50%) and efficacy (51%) of the vaccine, whereas 42% were concerned about the side effects of the vaccine. About 72% of the respondents planned to get vaccinated, whereas 28% refused to do so. Internationally made imported vaccines were more trusted by the participants. Forty-four percent of the participants agreed to receive the vaccine upon recommendation from a physician. Lastly, participants who believed in the efficacy of the polio vaccination also considered the COVID-19 vaccine to be safe and effective.

scholarly journals Securing the wireless emergency alerts system

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Jihoon Lee ◽  
Gyuhong Lee ◽  
Jinsung Lee ◽  
Youngbin Im ◽  
Max Hollingsworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Software Libraries ◽  
Amber Alerts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
To Receive

Modern cell phones are required to receive and display alerts via the Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) program, under the mandate of the Warning, Alert, and Response Act of 2006. These alerts include AMBER alerts, severe weather alerts, and (unblockable) Presidential Alerts, intended to inform the public of imminent threats. Recently, a test Presidential Alert was sent to all capable phones in the U.S., prompting concerns about how the underlying WEA protocol could be misused or attacked. In this paper, we investigate the details of this system and develop and demonstrate the first practical spoofing attack on Presidential Alerts, using commercially available hardware and modified open source software. Our attack can be performed using a commercially available software-defined radio, and our modifications to the open source software libraries. We find that with only four malicious portable base stations of a single Watt of transmit power each, almost all of a 50,000-seat stadium can be attacked with a 90% success rate. The real impact of such an attack would, of course, depend on the density of cellphones in range; fake alerts in crowded cities or stadiums could potentially result in cascades of panic. Fixing this problem will require a large collaborative effort between carriers, government stakeholders, and cellphone manufacturers. To seed this effort, we also propose three mitigation solutions to address this threat.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Tablet Fe Terhadap Hemoglobin Pada Taruni Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Anggi Vina Hariyati ◽  
Cahyaningrum ◽  
Adil Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Merchant Marine ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Anemia is one of the public health problems that need more attention of the female because they experience menstruation and they are in the growth phase. From the data of Semarang City Health Office  in 2011, it is shown the incidence of anemia in adolescents aged 10-19 years old are 68.24%. The prevention effort of the case is by measuring hemoglobin and prescribing blood supplement. The objective of the study is to find out the effect of Fe tablets on Hemoglobin in Semarang Merchant Marine Polytechnique students. The objective of the study is to find out the effect of Fe tablets on Hemoglobin in Semarang Merchant Marine Polytechnique students. This research used pre-experimental design with the two group pretest posttest. The population in this Study were all Merchant Marine Polytechnique Semarang at the 4th semester of female students  amounting to 50 with the total respondents 34 respondents taken with purposive sampling technique. The data were collected by performing Hemoglobin examination. The results of the study show that the average Hemoglobin before being prescribed Fe on the intervention and control group was 11.29 g/dl. After being prescribed Fe to the intervention group, it is found the average increased to 13.69 g/dl, while in the control group it is found averaged 11.72 g/dl. Bivariate Analysis uses an independent t test, the value of t is 6.136 with a p-value of   0.000. It shows that the p-value is 0,000 <((0.05), this indicates that there is a significant difference in the decrease in Hemoglobin levels in the population after being prescribed blood supplement between the intervention and control groups in The Semarang Merchant Marine Politechnique Students. It is suggested that the female adolescents to consume more iron-containing foods or consume Fe supplements such as Fe, during menstruation. ABSTRAK  Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang perlu khusus nya pada remaja  putri yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus karena remaja putri mengalami mestruasi tiap bulan dan dalam masa pertumbuhan . Hasil Data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang tahun 2011.  Kejadian anemia pada remaja usia 10-19 sebanyak 68,24%. Untuk menangani masalah tersebut pencegahan yang dilakukan yaitu dengan cara mengukur hemoglobin dan pemberian suplemen tablet tambah darah . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat Pengaruh Pemberian Tablet Fe Terhadap Hemoglobin Pada Taruni Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat Pengaruh Pemberian Tablet Fe Terhadap Hemoglobin Pada Taruni Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan  pre-eksperimen design dengan rancangan Two group pretest posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian iniadalah seluruh taruni politeknik ilmu pelayaran semarang semester 4 berjumlah 50 taruni dengan jumlah sempel 34 responden dengan tehnik pengambilan sempel purposive sampling. Pengambilan data dengan melakukan pemeriksaan Hemoglobin.  Penelitian menunjukan bahwa rata-rata Hemoglobin sebelum diberikan pada taruni kelompok intervensi  dan  kontrol sama yaitu  11,29 g/dl.  Dan setelah diberikan pada kelompok intervensi  rata-rata meningkat menjadi 13,69 g/dl, sedangkan  kelompok kontrol rata-rata sebesar 11,72 g/dl. Analisis bivariate Menggunakan uji t independen, didapatkan nilai t hitung 6,136 dengan p-value sebesar 0,000. Terlihat bahwa p-value 0,000 <a (0,05), ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan secara signifikan penurunan (selisih) kadar Hemoglobin b pada taruni sesudah diberikan tablet penambah darah antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol pada taruni Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang.  Hendaknya bagi remaja putri lebih banyak mengomsumsi makanan yang mengandung zat besi atau mengomsumsi suplemen yang mengandung besi seperti Fe terutama saat mestruasi

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