Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from broilers in Shandong, China

Abstract Background Salmonella spp. are one of the most important foodborne bacterial pathogens in human beings and animals. The prevalence of Salmonella from broilers in Shandong, China and antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates was determined. Results From May to October 2018, 600 samples collected, 67 Salmonella isolates were recovered with an isolation rate of 11.2%. The most common serovars were S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium. The highest incidence of resistance observed were for PB (100%), and AMP (68.7%), and the MDR Salmonella isolate rate was 53.7%. Four β-lactamase genes were detected among the isolates, all the isolates carried bla TEM (67/67, 100%), followed by bla OXA (19/67, 28.4%), bla CTX-M (17/67, 25.4%), and bla PSE (7/67, 10.4%); four plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were detected among the isolates, the prevalent resistance genes was aac(6’)-Ib-cr (18/67, 26.9%), followed by oqxB (9/67, 13.4%), qnrB (6/67, 9.0%), and qnrD (1/67, 1.5%); the prevalent rate of mcr -1 was 6.0%(4/67). Class 1 integrons were detected in 26.9% of these isolates and contained seven groups of resistance gene cassettes. MLST analysis revealed seven sequence types, and ST11 was the most frequent sequence types. Conclusions This study indicated that reduction of Salmonella and strict control on the use of antibiotics in more than 5000 million broilers in Shandong are the vitally important measure to keep public health.

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Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-019-0936-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Quan Li ◽

Jian Yin ◽

Zheng Li ◽

Zewei Li ◽

Yuanzhao Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Production Chain ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

AbstractSalmonella is an important food-borne pathogen associated with public health and high economic losses. To investigate the prevalence and the characteristics of Salmonella in a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, a total of 80 Salmonella isolates were isolated from 459 (17.43%) samples in 2016–2017. S. Derby (35/80, 43.75%) was the most prevalent, followed by S. Rissen (16/80, 20.00%) and S. Newlands (11/80, 13.75%). The highest rates of susceptibility were observed to cefoxitin (80/80, 100.0%) and amikacin (80/80, 100.0%), followed by aztreonam (79/80, 98.75%) and nitrofurantoin (79/80, 98.75%). The highest resistance rate was detected for tetracycline (65/80, 81.25%), followed by ampicillin (60/80, 75.00%), bactrim (55/80, 68.75%), and sulfisoxazole (54/80, 67.50%). Overall, 91.25% (73/80) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 71.25% (57/80) of the isolate strains were multidrug resistant in the antimicrobial susceptibility tested. In addition, 86.36% (19/22) of the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolates were identified. Our data indicated that the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with antimicrobial resistance genes. Furthermore, 81.25% (65/80) isolates harbored the virulence gene of mogA, of which 2 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates carried the mogA, spvB and spvC virulence genes at the same time. The results showed that swine products in the slaughterhouse were contaminated with multidrug resistant Salmonella commonly, especially some isolates carry the spv virulence genes. The virulence genes might facilitate the dissemination of the resistance genes to consumers along the production chain, suggesting the importance of controlling Salmonella during slaughter for public health.

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Molecular Epidemiology and Resistance Profile of Salmonella Isolated from Chicken, Pork and the Environment at Abattoirs and Supermarkets in Chongqing, China

10.21203/rs.2.13800/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Tingting Chen ◽

Jiali Jiang ◽

Chao Ye ◽

Jianhua Xie ◽

Xia Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Isolation Rate ◽

Production Chain ◽

Pork Production ◽

Human Salmonellosis ◽

Sequence Types

Abstract Background: Salmonella is one of the most important foodborne pathogens, causing outbreaks of human salmonellosis worldwide. Owing to large scales of consumption markets, pork and poultry that contaminated by Salmonella could pose a tremendous threat to public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination of Salmonella from chicken, pork and the environment in slaughtering and retail processes in Chongqing, China. Results: A total of 115 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 1112 samples collected from pork, chicken and the environment. Compared with the isolation rate of samples from chicken (9.50%) and the environment (6.23%), samples from pork had a significant higher isolation rate (44.00%). The isolation rates in slaughterhouses (10.76%) and in supermarkets (10.07%) showed no statistical different. 30 different serotypes were identified among all the isolates. S. Derby (n=26), S. London (n=16) and S. Rissen (n=12) were the dominant serotypes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 73.04% isolates were resistant to tetracycline, followed by 66.96% to ampicillin and 59.13% to doxycycline. More than half (50.43%) of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), and most of the MDR isolates were from supermarkets. Multilocus sequence typing results showed 24 out of 115 isolates were ST40, which was the most prevalent. Furthermore, isolates from supermarkets had 20 different sequence types while isolates from slaughterhouses only had 8 different sequence types. Conclusion: Our study highlighted that Salmonella was more frequently isolated in pork production chain than that of chicken. Compared with isolates from slaughterhouses, isolates from supermarkets had more MDR profiles and represented a wider range of serotypes and sequence types, indicating that the retail process had more diverse sources of Salmonella contamination than that of slaughtering process.

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Occurrence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Large-Scale Breeder Farms in Shandong Province, China

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/8159567 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jie Yang ◽

Siwei Gao ◽

Yajie Chang ◽

Mingliu Su ◽

Yutong Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Shandong Province ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Class 1 ◽

Resistance Rates

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. isolated from large-scale breeder farms in Shandong Province, China. A total of 63 Salmonella isolates (63/409, 15.4%) were identified from 409 samples collected from five large-scale breeder farms in Shandong Province. These Salmonella isolates were assayed for serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, prevalence of class 1 integrons, quinolone resistance genes, and β-lactamase genes and subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Among these isolates, S. Enteritidis (100%) was the predominant serovar, and high antimicrobial resistance rates to nalidixic acid (100.0%), streptomycin (100.0%), ampicillin (98.4%), and erythromycin (93.7%) were observed. All of the isolates carried blaTEM. MLST results showed that only one sequence type (ST11) was identified. Our findings indicated that Salmonella was generally prevalent not only on broiler farms but also on breeder farms.

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Antimicrobial Resistance and Presence of Class 1 Integrons Among Different Serotypes of Salmonella spp. Recovered From Children with Diarrhea in Tehran, Iran

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526519666190130171020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 160-166

Author(s):

Seyedeh Hanieh Eshaghi Zadeh ◽

Hossein Fahimi ◽

Fatemeh Fardsanei ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Class 1 Integrons ◽

Food Borne ◽

Class 1 ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

C 30

Background: Salmonellosis is a major food-borne disease worldwide. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among food-borne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. is concerning. Objective: The main objective of this study is to identify class 1 integron genes and to determine antibiotic resistance patterns among Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea. Methods: A total of 30 Salmonella isolates were recovered from children with diarrhea. The isolates were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility and screened for the presence of class 1 integron genes (i.e. intI1, sulI1, and qacEΔ1). Results: The most prevalent serotype was Enteritidis 36.7%, followed by Paratyphi C (30%), and Typhimurium (16.7%). The highest rates of antibiotic resistance were obtained for nalidixic acid (53.3%), followed by streptomycin (40%), and tetracycline (36.7%). Regarding class 1 integrons, 36.7%, 26.7%, and 33.3% of the isolates carried intI1, SulI, and qacEΔ1, respectively, most of which (81.8%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of class 1 integron was significantly associated with resistance to streptomycin and tetracycline (p = 0.042). However, there was no association between class 1 integron and other antibiotics used in this study (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The high frequency of integron class 1 gene in MDR Salmonella strains indicates that these mobile genetic elements are versatile among different Salmonella serotypes, and associated with reduced susceptibility to many antimicrobials.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling of Biofilm Forming Non Typhoidal Salmonella enterica Isolates from Poultry and Its Associated Food Products from Pakistan

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10070785 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 785

Author(s):

Abubakar Siddique ◽

Sara Azim ◽

Amjad Ali ◽

Saadia Andleeb ◽

Aitezaz Ahsan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Food Products ◽

Health Concern ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Zoonotic Potential ◽

Salmonella Spp

Salmonellosis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonellaenterica from poultry products is a major public health concern worldwide. This study aimed at estimating the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance in S. enterica isolates obtained from poultry birds and their food products from different areas of Pakistan. In total, 95/370 (25.67%) samples from poultry droppings, organs, eggs, and meat were positive for Salmonella. The isolates were further identified through multiplex PCR (mPCR) as Salmonella Typhimurium 14 (14.7%), Salmonella Enteritidis 12 (12.6%), and other Salmonella spp. 69 (72.6%). The phenotypic virulence properties of 95 Salmonella isolates exhibited swimming and/or swarming motility 95 (100%), DNA degrading activity 93 (97.8%), hemolytic activity 92 (96.8%), lipase activity 87 (91.6%), and protease activity 86 (90.5%). The sopE virulence gene known for conferring zoonotic potential was detected in S. Typhimurium (92.8%), S. Enteritidis (100%), and other Salmonella spp. (69.5%). The isolates were further tested against 23 antibiotics (from 10 different antimicrobial groups) and were found resistant against fifteen to twenty-one antibiotics. All isolates showed multiple drug resistance and were found to exhibit a high multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) index of 0.62 to 0.91. The strong biofilm formation at 37 °C reflected their potential adherence to intestinal surfaces. There was a significant correlation between antimicrobial resistance and the biofilm formation potential of isolates. The resistance determinant genes found among the isolated strains were blaTEM-1 (59.3%), blaOxA-1 (18%), blaPSE-1 (9.5%), blaCMY-2 (43%), and ampC (8.3%). The detection of zoonotic potential MDR Salmonella in poultry and its associated food products carrying cephalosporin and quinolone resistance genes presents a major threat to the poultry industry and public health.

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Genotypic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella spp. Strains from Three Poultry Processing Plants in Colombia

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 491

Author(s):

Alejandra Ramirez-Hernandez ◽

Ana K. Carrascal-Camacho ◽

Andrea Varón-García ◽

Mindy M. Brashears ◽

Marcos X. Sanchez-Plata

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Microbial Profile ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Poultry Processing ◽

Paratyphi B ◽

And Control ◽

Sequence Types

The poultry industry in Colombia has implemented several changes and measures in chicken processing to improve sanitary operations and control pathogens’ prevalence. However, there is no official in-plant microbial profile reference data currently available throughout the processing value chains. Hence, this research aimed to study the microbial profiles and the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in three plants. In total, 300 samples were collected in seven processing sites. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and levels of Enterobacteriaceae were assessed. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing was conducted to characterize the isolated strains genotypically. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in each establishment was 77%, 58% and 80% for plant A, B, and C. The mean levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the chicken rinsates were 5.03, 5.74, and 6.41 log CFU/mL for plant A, B, and C. Significant reductions were identified in the counts of post-chilling rinsate samples; however, increased levels were found in chicken parts. There were six distinct Salmonella spp. clusters with the predominant sequence types ST32 and ST28. The serotypes Infantis (54%) and Paratyphi B (25%) were the most commonly identified within the processing plants with a high abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistances of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Wild Boars in Liguria Region, Italy

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050568 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 568

Author(s):

Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽

Valeria Listorti ◽

Isabella Martini ◽

Laura Migone ◽

Lucia Decastelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Wild Boar Population ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Wild Boars ◽

In The Wild

Salmonella spp. is an important zoonotic agent. Wild boars might host this pathogen in the intestinal tract and might represent a risk for Salmonella spp. transmission to humans. Wild boars are widely spread in Liguria, due to the environmental characteristics of the region. The aim of the study was the isolation, typing, and investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains of Salmonella spp. During the 2013–2017 hunting seasons, 4335 livers of wild boars were collected and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. A total of 260 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated and characterized, with a prevalence of 6%. The isolated strains belonged to all six Salmonella enterica subspecies. Most of them were identified as Salmonella enterica subs. enterica of which 31 different serotypes were identified. The dominating serotype identified was S. Enteritidis. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated strains were analyzed against sixteen molecules. Of the isolated strains, 94.6% were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. This study showed the circulation of resistant Salmonella spp. strains in the wild boar population living in this area of Italy, underling the potential risk for these animals to disseminate this pathogen and its antimicrobial resistances.

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Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.984-993 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 984-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Md. Abdus Sobur ◽

Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽

Ripon Sarker ◽

A. M. M. Taufiqur Rahman ◽

S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

One Health ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

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An Evaluation of the Pathogenic Potential, and the Antimicrobial Resistance, of Salmonella Strains Isolated from Mussels

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms10010126 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Antonio Lozano-León ◽

Carlos García-Omil ◽

Rafael R. Rodríguez-Souto ◽

Alexandre Lamas ◽

Alejandro Garrido-Maestu

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Health Issues ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Important Health ◽

Main Production ◽

Production Areas

Salmonella spp. and antimicrobial resistant microorganisms are two of the most important health issues worldwide. In the present study, strains naturally isolated from mussels harvested in Galicia (one of the main production areas in the world), were genetically characterized attending to the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. Additionally, the antimicrobial profile was also determined phenotypically. Strains presenting several virulence genes were isolated but lacked all the antimicrobial resistance genes analyzed. The fact that some of these strains presented multidrug resistance, highlighted the possibility of bearing different genes than those analyzed, or resistance based on completely different mechanisms. The current study highlights the importance of constant surveillance in order to improve the safety of foods.

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Resistance profile to antimicrobials of Salmonella spp. isolated from human infections

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132004000200005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 193-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elaine Regina Delicato ◽

Jane Martha Graton Mikcha ◽

Sueli Aparecida Fernandes ◽

Jacinta Sanchez Pelayo

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

High Resistance ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Resistance Profile ◽

The Public ◽

Human Infections ◽

Foodborne Infections

The purpose of this study was to analyse the profile of antimicrobial resistance among 21 strains of Salmonella isolated from patients with gastroenteritis symptom. It was observed that S. enteritidis was the serotype prevalent. These strains were sensitive to the majority of the antimicrobials tested, however, high resistance was observed in S. typhimurium and S. enterica subsp. enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:-. Surveillance and an efficient monitoring should be priority for the public health for the containment of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne infections.

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