Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of Laboratory Animals in Plateau State Nigeria: The Zoonotic Implications

Abstract Parasitic infections in laboratory animals, are detrimental to the success of researches and can also infect personnel and researchers. This study is aimed at investigating the parasitic infections of laboratory animals maintained in animal houses of The National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria, as well determining the zoonotic implications of the parasites. Two hundred and six laboratory animals (55 guinea pigs, 72 rabbits, 29 rats and 50 mice) were sampled. Faecal samples and skin scrapings were collected and subjected to parasitological analyses. Pathological examinations were conducted on laboratory animals that had skin lesions. Sixteen different species comprising of 7 nematodes, 5 cestodes, 3 protozoans, and 1 mite were detected. Eimeria species (40/206; 19.42%; 95% CI = 14.44 – 25.25) was the most prevalent parasite, followed by Syphacia muris (26/206; 12.62%; 95% CI = 8.59 – 17.69). Entamoeba caviae, Tritrichomonas caviae, Rodentolepis microstoma, Rodentolepis nana, Heterakis spumosa, Capillaria hepatica and Cysticercus fasciolaris were the least prevalent with a 0.49% prevalence each. Three, four, five and six different species of parasites were detected in mice, guinea pigs, rats and rabbits respectively. The Chi square analysis revealed that the infection rate of parasites was significantly higher (p = <0.01) in mice compared to guinea pigs, rabbits and rats. Of the Sixteen species of parasites detected, Eimeria species, Syphacia muris, Rodentolepis diminuta, Rodentolepis microstoma, Rodentolepis nana, and Capillaria hepatica are zoonotic. This study showed that 40.29% of the studied laboratory animals were infected with one parasite species or the other. The outcome of this study stresses the zoonotic implications of the parasites detected. We thereby advise researchers and handlers to take caution and apply utmost sanitary measures in the handling of laboratory animals so as to prevent themselves from been infected with these zoonotic parasites.

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PERSEPSI PETERNAK PADA KEPEMIMPINAN PENDAMPING DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHA TERNAK DI PAGUYUBAN AL-AWWALIYAH, PASIRWANGI, GARUT, JAWA BARAT

AGRIBUSINESS JOURNAL ◽

10.15408/aj.v12i1.11850 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 42-51

Author(s):

Dwi Indah Sulistiani ◽

Ujang Maman ◽

Junaidi J

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Leadership Qualities ◽

Chi Square ◽

Education Experience ◽

Spss Software ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Relationship

Objective of this research; 1) determine the perception of ranchers against the properties and behavior of the leadership of the companion in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 2) analyze the relationship between productivity breeder with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 3) identify the relationship perceptions of ranchers against the leadership companion with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah , The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from questionnaires which stem from ranchers while secondary data sourced from literature in the form of books and articles. Data processing was performed using Chi-square analysis using SPSS software version 21. One of the factors relating to the productivity of ranchers is the perception of ranchers against the leadership of their companion. Leadership companion views of the nature and behavior of which is owned by a companion. Productivity ranchers indirectly related to the productivity of the cattle business. Characteristics breeder visits of age, years of education, experience ranchers, and businesses in addition to ranchers. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between business other than ranchers with ranchers productivity. The relationship between the perception of the nature of the companion breeder with productivity ranchers produce Pearson Chi-Square value is 9.751 and Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) of 0.002. This is due to interest ranchers against leadership qualities possessed by a companion who produce prolific ranchers. Ranchers consider that a companion of his leadership qualities are ideal as a companion.

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The Effect of Sanctions on Cooperative Behavior: A Study on Medium Trust Individuals in the Context of Corruption

ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal ◽

10.24123/aipj.v34i1.2023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dewi Rosiana ◽

Achmad Djunaidi ◽

Indun Lestari Setyono ◽

Wilis Srisayekti

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Public Interest ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cooperative Behavior ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Chi Square ◽

Public Interests ◽

The Public ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Personal Interests

This study aims to describe the effect of sanctions (individual sanctions, collective sanctions, and absence of sanctions) on cooperative behavior of individuals with medium trust in the context of corruption. Both collective sanctions and individual sanctions, are systemic, which means sanctioning behavior is exercised not by each individual but by the system. Cooperative behavior in this context means choosing to obey rules, to reject acts of corruption and to prioritize public interests rather than the personal interests. Conversely, corruption is an uncooperative behavior to the rules, and ignores the public interest and prioritizes personal interests. Research subjects were 62 students. The Chi-Square Analysis was used to see the association between the variables and the logistic regression model was applied to describe the structure of this association. Individual sanction is recommended as punishment to medium trust individuals to promote cooperative behavior in the context of corruption. The results showed that individuals with medium trust had more cooperative behavior.

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Evaluation of a New Clinical Test of Fusion Status: A Pilot Study

Vision Development & Rehabilitation ◽

10.31707/vdr2019.5.2.p113 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 113-118

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Ohio State University ◽

Background Suppression ◽

Clinical Test ◽

State University ◽

Chi Square ◽

Central Fusion ◽

Eye Examination ◽

The Ohio State University ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Background Suppression is associated with binocular vision conditions such as amblyopia and strabismus. Commercial methods of testing fusion often only measure central fusion or suppression at near. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess a new iPad picture fusion test that assesses foveal and central fusion at near. Methods Participants aged 5 years and older presenting for eye examination at The Ohio State University College of Optometry were enrolled. Results from visual acuity, dry and wet refraction/retinoscopy, stereopsis and cover testing were recorded from the patient chart. The iPad picture fusion test, Worth four-dot, Worth type test with foveal letter targets, and Polarized four-dot were performed by one examiner in a randomized order at 40 cm. Testing was repeated with the anaglyphic filters reversed. Crosstabulation and McNemar chi-square analysis were used to compare the results between fusion testing devices. Results Of the fifty participants (mean age = 17.5), twelve reported suppression and one reported diplopia. Testability was excellent for all tests (98% to 100%). There were no significant differences between tests in reported results (P ≥ 0.22 for all comparisons). No difference in reported fusion or suppression status was observed with change in orientation of the anaglyphic filters. Six participants reported foveal suppression alone at near which was not identified with Worth four-dot at near. Conclusion The iPad picture fusion test provided excellent testability and agreement with commonly used tests of fusion and allowed testing of both central and foveal fusion at near. Nearly half (46%) of participants with suppression reported foveal suppression, supporting the importance of testing for foveal suppression.

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PELAYANAN INFORMASI OBAT DAN KONSELING TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DENGAN HIPERTENSI DI RUMAH SAKIT DAERAH IDAMAN BANJARBARU

Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan ◽

10.36387/jiis.v5i2.462 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 240-249

Author(s):

Satrio Wibowo Rahmatullah ◽

◽

Ika Maulida Nurrahma ◽

Adnan Syahrizal

Keyword(s):

Drug Information ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Information Service ◽

Regional Hospital ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

High Level ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Compliance to achieve treatment success can be improved by providing drug information services (PIO) and counseling to improve understanding of treatment instructions. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of drug information service and counseling on the level of medication adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with hypertension in the Banjarbaru Regional Hospital. This study uses a quasi experimental method with a cross sectional approach and takes patient data prospectively. The results of this study indicate that the group given PIO and counseling showed a high level of adherence as many as 20 respondents (100%). Whereas in the group that was not given PIO and the counseling level of adherence was low, there were 4 respondents (20%). Based on the mann-whitney analysis p-value = 0,000 (<α = 0.05) so that there are differences in the group with PIO and counseling with groups without PIO and counseling, while the chi square analysis p-value = 0.004 (<α = 0 , 05) so that PIO and counseling have a significant effect on the level of adherence to taking medication in patients with DM with hypertension at the Banjarbaru Regional Hospital.

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Trends in the incidence and mortality of oral cancer in Nevada (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19675 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Foote ◽

Karl Kingsley

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Cancer Registries ◽

Public Health Research ◽

Chi Square ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Us ◽

Chi Square Analysis

BACKGROUND Reviews of national and state-specific cancer registries have revealed differences in rates of oral cancer incidence and mortality that have implications for public health research and policy. Many significant associations between head and neck (oral) cancers and major risk factors, such as cigarette usage, may be influenced by public health policy such as smoking restrictions and bans – including the Nevada Clean Indoor Act of 2006 (and subsequent modification in 2011). OBJECTIVE Although evaluation of general and regional advances in public policy have been previously evaluated, no recent studies have focused specifically on the changes to the epidemiology of oral cancer incidence and mortality in Nevada. METHODS Cancer incidence and mortality rate data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Most recently available rate changes in cancer incidence and mortality for Nevada included the years 2012 – 2016 and are age-adjusted to the year 2000 standard US population. Comparisons of any differences between Nevada and the overall US population were evaluated using Chi square analysis. RESULTS This analysis revealed that the overall rates of incidence and mortality from oral cancer in Nevada differs from that observed in the overall US population. For example, although the incidence of oral cancer among Caucasians is increasing in Nevada and the US overall, it is increasing at nearly twice that rate in Nevada, P=0.0002. In addition, although oral cancer incidence among Minorities in the US is declining, it is increasing in Nevada , P=0.0001. Analysis of reported mortality causes revealed that mortality from oral cancer increased in the US overall but declined in Nevada during the same period (2012-2016). More specifically, mortality among both Males and Females in the US is increasing, but is declining in Nevada, P=0.0027. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the epidemiologic data from Nevada compared with the overall US revealed significant differences in rates of oral cancer incidence and mortality. More specifically, oral cancer incidence increased in Nevada between 2012-2016 among all groups analyzed (Males, Females, White, Minority), while decreases were observed nationally among Females and Minorities. Although mortality in Nevada decreased over this same time period (in contrast to the national trends), the lag time between diagnosis (incidence) and mortality suggests that these trends will change in the near future. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

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1136. Trends in Speaker Representation at the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) IDWeek Conference, 2013-2019

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S597-S597

Author(s):

Jasmine R Marcelin ◽

Rohan Khazanchi ◽

Elizabeth Lyden ◽

Kelly Cawcutt ◽

Ravina Kullar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Equity ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Program Committee ◽

Chi Square ◽

Poster Sessions ◽

Professional Degree ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background Over the last decade, there have been sustained efforts to diversify the healthcare workforce. In 2016, the IDWeek Program Committee was charged to ensure gender equity in speaker sessions. Whether this intervention also resulted in more opportunities for underrepresented speakers has not been determined. Methods This project was supported by IDSA, who provided demographic information on IDWeek speakers (excluding poster sessions) from 2013-2019. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics, and chi-square analysis evaluated changes over time. Each speaker slot was considered an independent event. Data was combined for 2013-2016 (≤2016) and 2017-2019 (>2016). IDSA membership demographics were available from 2014 for gender, race/ethnicity, from 2016 for age, and from 2018 for professional degree. Results A total of 3640 speaker slots were filled by 2504 individuals from 2013-2019. A larger proportion of speaker slots were filled by women >2016 (51%) vs ≤ 2016 (43%), with a linear increase from 38.6% in 2013 to 52.1% in 2019 (p< 0.001). Averaged across 2013-2019, IDSA membership was 67.5% White, 20.6% Asian, 7.7% Latinx, 3.9% Black, and 0.4% Other. IDWeek Speakers during that timeframe were 77.7% White, 13.9% Asian, 4.7% Latinx, 2.7% Black, and 1.0% Other; a larger proportion of slots were filled by Asian speakers >2016 (16.3%) vs ≤ 2016 (12.8%) (p=0.005). The proportion of pharmacist speakers increased over time; 5.1% of speakers in 2019 reflected IDSA pharmacist membership (5.4%). The proportion of individuals invited to speak more than once differed by age (19% in < 40yo, 28% 40-49yo, 32% 50-59yo, and 22% >60yo; p< 0.001), and professional degree (28% physicians, 18% pharmacists, 9% other doctorates, and 7% non-doctorate speakers; p< 0.001). Figure 1: Trends in Gender Distribution of IDWeek Speakers and IDSA Members, 2013-2019 Figure 2: Trends in Race/Ethnicity Distribution of IDWeek Speakers and IDSA Members, 2013-2019 Conclusion Intentional consideration of gender equity by the Program Committee significantly improved equitable gender representation of invited speakers at IDWeek. This effort has not resulted in increased diversity of invited speakers from groups underrepresented in IDSA membership. To ensure that invited speakers represent the membership of IDSA/IDWeek partner organizations and more importantly, the communities we serve, we call for continued application of the principles of Inclusion, Diversity, Access, and Equity at IDWeek. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Model-independent calibrations of gamma-ray bursts using machine learning

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/stab795 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 503 (3) ◽

pp. 4581-4600

Author(s):

Orlando Luongo ◽

Marco Muccino

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Dark Energy ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Gamma Ray Bursts ◽

Bayesian Regression ◽

Machine Learning Techniques ◽

Acoustic Oscillations ◽

Chi Square ◽

Model Independent ◽

Chi Square Analysis

ABSTRACT We alleviate the circularity problem, whereby gamma-ray bursts are not perfect distance indicators, by means of a new model-independent technique based on Bézier polynomials. We use the well consolidate Amati and Combo correlations. We consider improved calibrated catalogues of mock data from differential Hubble rate points. To get our mock data, we use those machine learning scenarios that well adapt to gamma-ray bursts, discussing in detail how we handle small amounts of data from our machine learning techniques. We explore only three machine learning treatments, i.e. linear regression, neural network, and random forest, emphasizing quantitative statistical motivations behind these choices. Our calibration strategy consists in taking Hubble’s data, creating the mock compilation using machine learning and calibrating the aforementioned correlations through Bézier polynomials with a standard chi-square analysis first and then by means of a hierarchical Bayesian regression procedure. The corresponding catalogues, built up from the two correlations, have been used to constrain dark energy scenarios. We thus employ Markov chain Monte Carlo numerical analyses based on the most recent Pantheon supernova data, baryonic acoustic oscillations, and our gamma-ray burst data. We test the standard ΛCDM model and the Chevallier–Polarski–Linder parametrization. We discuss the recent H0 tension in view of our results. Moreover, we highlight a further severe tension over Ωm and we conclude that a slight evolving dark energy model is possible.

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264 Effects of Water Quality on Nursery Pig Performance and Health

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 89-89

Author(s):

Brigit Lozinski ◽

Brent Frederick ◽

Adrienne Hilbrands ◽

Yuzhi Li ◽

Milena Saqui-Salces ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Chi Square ◽

Wide Range ◽

Mycoplasma Pneumonia ◽

Quality Water ◽

Pig Performance ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Water Treatments

Abstract Newly-weaned pigs (n = 450; age = 20 d) were used in a 40-d experiment to determine the effects of water quality on pig performance and health. Pigs were sourced from a single commercial sow farm that was negative for both Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus and Mycoplasma Pneumonia. Pigs were allotted randomly to 45 pens (10 pigs/pen) and pens were assigned to 1 of 3 water treatments that provided water of differing quality. Waters were selected to represent a wide range of perceived water quality. Water quality was determined based on concentration of analytes including sulfates (1,120; 617; 2 ppm), iron (5.4; 5.2; 1.3 ppm), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS; 1,500; 1,050; 348 ppm), hardness (1,410; 909; 235 mg Eq CaCO3/L), magnesium (171; 91; 21 ppm) and sodium (64; 37; 29 ppm) for waters A, B, and C, respectively. Pigs were housed in an environmentally controlled, power ventilated, confinement nursery barn and were allowed ad libitum access to a common three-phase diet and water across all water treatments. Weekly ADG, ADFI, and G:F were measured and subjective scour score (1=solid feces to 4=liquid feces) was recorded daily through day 7. Data for pig growth performance were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX with water quality as a fixed effect and pen served as the experimental unit. There were no differences among treatments in ADG, ADFI, and G:F (Table 1). Number of pigs treated with antibiotics throughout the experiment did not differ among treatments as determined by Chi-Square analysis. Average subjective scour score on day 7 of the experiment also did not differ among treatments. In conclusion, performance and health of nursery pigs as measured in this experiment were not influenced by the differing water qualities studied.

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Comparative study of the effect of face-to-face and computer mediated conversation modalities on student engagement: speaking skill in focus

Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education ◽

10.1186/s40862-020-00103-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maryam Bagheri ◽

Zohre Mohamadi Zenouzagh

Keyword(s):

Student Engagement ◽

Placement Test ◽

Chi Square ◽

Transcription Analysis ◽

Efl Learners ◽

Face To Face ◽

Computer Mediated ◽

Speaking Skill ◽

L1 Use ◽

Chi Square Analysis

AbstractThis study investigated the potentials of face –to- face and computer mediated conversation (CMC) as two speaking modalities on students’ engagement. To this end, 30 Iranian male intermediate EFL learners were selected on the basis of their performance on OPT (Oxford Placement Test) and assigned into the research groups. The progression of face- to- face and CMC groups from limited to elaborate engagement at verbal, paralinguistic and functional levels was assessed using transcription analysis in face-to-face group and chat log analysis in CMC group. The limited and elaborate student engagement indicators in two modalities were identified via Maxqda software. The results of Maxqda analysis indicated that limited engagement was associated with appeal for help, silence, pauses and hesitations, focus on syntax, involvement with procedural talk and L1 use. Respectively, elaborate engagement was associated with avoiding L1 use, focus on discourse, involvement with actual talk and strategic discourse management rather than pause and silence. Chi-square analysis on frequency of indicators of limited and elaborate engagements on verbal, paralinguistic and functional levels indicated that limited and elaborate engagements occurred with different proportions in face-to-face and CMC conversations. Teaching practitioners would benefit the findings of the study since the findings illustrate how students’ engagement in learning evolves and how speaking modalities may impact the pattern of students’ engagement over time. The finding also suggest one way for improving student engagement without over-intervening of teachers is using modalities such as forums where the teacher presence is limited and students have to manage the discourse themselves which in turn increases student engagement.

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Elimination of Intravenous Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate Exposure Abrogates Most Neonatal Hypertension in Premature Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9040075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Randall Jenkins ◽

Katia Farnbach ◽

Sandra Iragorri

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Chi Square ◽

Neonatal Hypertension ◽

Vlbw Infants ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽

Current Report

(1) Background: The incidence of hypertension in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants in a single neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) dropped markedly during a 2-year period when the IV fluid (IVF) in both the antenatal unit and the NICU temporarily changed to a di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)-free formulation. The objective of the current report is to document this observation and demonstrate the changes in incidence of hypertension were not associated with the variation in risk factors for hypertension; (2) Methods: The charts of all VLBW infants born in a single NICU during a 7-year span were reviewed. This time includes 32 months of baseline, 20 months of DEHP-free IVF, 20 months of IVF DEHP re-exposure, and two 4-month washout intervals. The group of interest was limited to VLBW infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Chi-square analysis was used to compare incidence of hypertension among periods. Vermont Oxford NICU Registry data were examined for variation in maternal and neonatal risk factors for hypertension; Results: Incidence of hypertension in VLBW infants with BPD decreased from 7.7% (baseline) to 1.4% when IVF was DEHP-free, rising back to 10.1% when DEHP-containing IVF returned to use. Risk factors for neonatal hypertension were stable across the 3 study periods in the NICU’s group of VLBW infants; (3) Conclusions: Serendipitous removal of IVF containing DEHP resulted in near elimination of hypertension in one NICU—an effect entirely reversed after the same brand of DEHP-containing IVF returned to clinical use. These results suggest that DEHP exposure from IVF plays a major role in neonatal hypertension.

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