scholarly journals Current technological problems in the production of synthetic resins and wood-based panels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Васильев
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Technological Problem ◽  
Relevance Score ◽  
Synthetic Resins ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

Проведен опрос специалистов по выявлению актуальных проблем в технологии изготовления древесных плит и синтетических смол для их производства. Исследование проведено методом группового анкетного опроса. Анкета содержала 3 перечня вероятных проблем по разделам: производство синтетических смол, производство древесностружечных плит и производство древесноволокнистых плит. Перечни технологических проблем взяты как итоговые результаты прошлых социологических исследований, а также на основании предложений специалистов. Оценка актуальности проблемы производилась по 5-балльной шкале. По величине средневзвешенного балла определяли уровень актуальности технологической проблемы: чем он выше, тем значимее анализируемая проблема. На вопросы анкеты ответили 47 человек. Эксперты имеют большой опыт, их средний стаж работы в отрасли 22,7 года. Более 70 участников опроса работники предприятий, остальные научные сотрудники, проектировщики и преподаватели. Исследовали 10 проблем по технологии синтетических смол, 12 по технологии древесностружечных плит, 10 по технологии древесноволокнистых плит. Для сравнения приведены данные аналогичных опросов, проведённых в 2005 и 2011 гг. По мнению экспертов наиболее значимыми являются проблемы, связанные с созданием и применением синтетических смол в производстве плит. Это новые низкотоксичные смолы, обеспечивающие, помимо снижения содержания формальдегида в смоле и плитах, необходимые физико-механические свойства плит, низкий расход связующего, высокую скорость прессования, экологические параметры производства. В производстве синтетических смол 2 проблемы относятся к категории высокоактуальных (балл актуальности проблемы в диапазоне от 4,01 до 5,00), 8 проблем к категории повышенной актуальности (балл актуальности от 3,01 до 4,00). Высокоактуальные проблемы: снижение токсичности смол для плит и реакционная способность смолы. К проблемам повышенной актуальности относятся вопросы синтеза новых смол, улучшение показателей смол, качество сырья и экологические вопросы производства смол. Среди 12 анализируемых проблем производства древесностружечных плит 2 относятся к категории высокоактуальных, 4 к категории повышенной актуальности, 6 к категории средней актуальности (балл актуальности от 2,01 до 3,00). Высокоактуальные проблемы: снижение токсичности плит и снижение расхода смолы в производстве плит. Проблемы повышенной актуальности: снижение разбухания плит, интенсификация процесса горячего прессования, снижение расхода древесного сырья, переработка низкокачественной древесины. В производстве древесноволокнистых плит 6 проблем относятся к категории высоко актуальных, 3 к категории повышенной актуальности, 1 к категории средней актуальности. Высокоактуальные проблемы для производства древесноволокнистых плит сухого способа: новые экологически чистые смолы, снижение токсичности плит, снижение расхода смолы. Высокоактуальные проблемы для производства древесноволокнистых плит мокрого способа: снижение токсичности сточных вод, новые экологически чистые смолы, очистка сточных вод. A survey of specialists to identify current problems in the technology of making of wood-based panels and synthetic resins for their production was conducted. The study was conducted by a group questionnaire. The questionnaire contained three lists of likely problems by sections: the production of synthetic resins, the production of particleboards and the production of fiberboards. Lists of technological problems are taken as the final results of past sociological studies, as well as on the basis of experts proposals. The topicality of the problem was assessed on a 5-point scale. The weighted average score determined the level of relevance of the technological problem the higher it is, the more significant the problem analyzed. Forty-seven people answered the questionnaire. Experts have a lot of experience, their average work experience in the industry is 22.7 years. More than 70 of the survey participants are employees of enterprises, the rest are scientists, designers and teachers. We studied 10 problems on synthetic resin technology, 12 on technology of particle boards and 10 on the technology of fiberboards. For comparison, data from similar surveys conducted in 2005 and 2011 are given. According to experts, the most significant problems are ones associated with the creation and use of synthetic resins in the production of plates. These are new low-toxic resins, providing in addition to reducing formaldehyde content in resin and slabs the necessary physical-mechanical properties of plates, low binder consumption, high pressing speed and environmental parameters of production. In the production of synthetic resins two problems are in the category of highly relevant (the problem relevance score in the range from 4.01 to 5.00), 8 problems to the category of increased relevance (relevance score from 3.01 to 4.00). Highly relevant problems: reducing the toxicity of slabs resins and the reactionary ability of resin. Issues of increased relevance include the synthesis of new resins, improved resin sins, the quality of raw materials and environmental issues of resin production. Among the 12 analyzed problems of particleboards production, 2 are classified as highly relevant, 4 are in the category of increased relevance and 6 in the category of average relevance (relevance score from 2.01 to 3.00). Highly relevant problems: reducing the toxicity of plates and reducing the consumption of resin in plate production. Problems of increased relevance: reducing swell of plates, intensifying the process of hot pressing, reducing the consumption of wood raw materials, processing of low-quality wood. In the production of fiberboards 6 problems belong to the category of high-actual, 3 to the category of increased relevance and 1 to the category of medium relevance. Highly relevant problems for the production of fiberboards of dry method: new environmentally friendly resins, reduced toxicity of plates, reduced resin consumption. Highly relevant problems for the production of fiberboards of wet method: reducing the toxicity of wastewater, new environmentally friendly resins, wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Application of lignin in production wood-polymer composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 14011
Author(s):  
Nikolay Plotnikov ◽  
Galina Plotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Technological Problem ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Resins

The rational use of wood cannot be imagined without the use of synthetic resins and adhesives, on the basis of which all the main types of wood composite materials are made. The use of synthetic resins provides: production of high-quality glued products with an increased service life due to strength properties; reducing the material consumption of manufactured products and more complete use of low-grade raw materials; improve the fire, bio - and chemical resistance of manufactured materials. Due to the lower consumption of raw materials for the manufacture of glued parts, their cost is usually lower than that of solid wood parts. The international market of adhesives is represented by a wide range, in which 63% are synthetic adhesives. When wood is processed at pulp and paper enterprises, 40-50 million tons of alkaline lignin, 5 million tons of lignosulfonate, 3.5 million tons of technical hydrolytic lignin are produced annually in the world. In the future, the volume of industrial processing of wood will increase by 50-60% and therefore the issue of disposal of such waste is the most important task. Lignins in the form of various large- tonnage wastes are an environmental and technological problem for many chemical industry enterprises and adjacent residential areas.

Catch them Young : Role of Educational Institutions in Community Development- A Descriptive Study on the Perception of College Students in Chennai

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
Dr. R. Sundari ◽  
Ms. Sangeetha Manoj
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Grass Root Level

Community Development is a process of collective action taken by the members of a community to generate solutions for common problems.  The aspects of community well being namely Economic, Social, Environmental and Cultural well being evolves from this type of collective action taken at multiple societal levels. (Weaver, 1971) defines community development as a process of “A public-group approach dedicated to achieving the goals of the total body politic.” Therefore, it is evident that a community can be developed through the effective participation of citizens. It is universally acceptable that community service is a vehicle for safeguarding the environment that is initiated from the participants of the community. In order to imbibe the community consciousness among the citizens, every country should “Catch them Young”. The purpose of the paper is to integrate Participative Model (Active Citizenship, Citizen Networks and Co-production) with Self-service Model (Social Governance, Societal Discipline and Accountability). National and international reviews show that the perception about the community and realisation has to be ingrained at the grass root level; this can be achieved through the participation of academic institutions. This paper is an attempt to highlight. The initiatives taken by educational institutions to imbibe social consciousness, The perceptions of students about their role in community development, and, To identify the effective Private Public Partnership areas for community building Factor analysis has been applied to identify the role of educational institutions and individual citizen’s( Students) in building community consciousness. Linear Regression had been applied in the study to measure the influence of Educational Institutions on the role of Students in building the community.  A weighted average score is awarded by the students for the potential areas of public private partnership for community development is highlighted. The results of the study provide an impact created by the institution over the students. The Study also, consolidates some of the successful community bonding and building activities carried out Academic Institutions.

A study on bioecology of macroalgae, genus Caulerpa in northern Minahasa Waters, North Sulawesi Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Irma Pulukadan ◽  
Rene Ch Keppel ◽  
Grevo S Gerung
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Bottom Substrate ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Ecological Aspects

Alga is a marine resource of potential to fisheries and marine sector. It has an important economic value to promote the economy in Indonesia. Nowdays, algae have been used as a relatively high value fisheries commodity since it has been used for food, industrial, pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw materials. This important potential needs to be supported with understanding of its biology and ecology, so that its utilization could increase the livelihood of the coastal villagers. This study was aimed at inventorying and identifying the members of genus Caulerpa found in North Minahasa Regency waters and studying some biological and ecological aspects of the algae in the area. Resuls showed that there were 7 species recorded, Caulerpa racemosa, C. racemosa var. macrophysa, C. sertularioides, C. taxifolia, C. serrulata,C. lentillifera and C. peltata. Ecologically, the environmental parameters, such as water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, were in tolerable ranges for algal growth. Bottom substrate supported the growth of genus Caulerpa as well© Saat ini alga dijadikan sebagai komoditas hasil perikanan dengan nilai ekonomis yang relatif tinggi karena manfaatnya sebagai bahan makanan serta bahan baku industri, farmasi, dan kosmetik. Potensi yang cukup penting ini harus ditunjang dengan ilmu pengetahuan tentang biologi dan ekologi dari alga laut, sehingga pemanfaatannya dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat pesisir. Penelitian tentang kajian bioekologi alga makro genus Caulerpa di perairan Minahasa Utara ini dilaksanakan dan diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi ilmiah tentang bioekologi alga makro genus Caulerpa, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan pemanfaatan bagi kepentingan masyarakat pesisir khususnya dan industri alga makro umumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi dan mengidentifikasi alga makro genus Caulerpa di perairan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, dan mengkaji aspek bioekologinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 7 spesies, yaitu Caulerpa racemosa, C. racemosa var. macrophysa, C. sertularioides, C. taxifolia, C. serrulata, C. lentillifera dan C. peltata. Parameter lingkungan seperti suhu, salinitas, pH, oksigen terlarut, tingkat kecerahan air berada pada kisaran yang dapat ditolerir untuk pertumbuhan alga makro, sedangkan substrat juga mendukung pertumbuhan alga makro ini©

scholarly journals Hybrid team based learning-personalised education for teaching epidemiology in public health degrees

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ha ◽  
B Kemp ◽  
M Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
University Education ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Team Based Learning ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Background University education in Australia and internationally involves teaching diverse students: in terms of age, life experience, previous degrees completed, and level of English competency. In Australia the Bachelors of Public Health (BPH) at The University of Wollongong, epidemiology is a core subject. It aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to design, critique and interpret studies that investigate why different populations experience different health outcomes. A student-centred learning strategy; Hybrid Team Based Learning and Personalised Education teaching strategy (HTBL-PE) was created to maximise academic success. Each phase has a distinct purpose based on learning theories (e.g. TBL, Bloom's taxonomy and Vygotsky). HTBL-PE aims to systematically build students abilities; strengthen self-confidence and belief, by teaching the way students learn and harnessing the capabilities of the team to strengthen the individual. Objectives HTBL-PE was evaluated in spring 2019 in the BPH, where their experiences at the beginning and end of semester were measured. Results In total 73 out of 84 enrolled students provided data at both time-points (87%). At the end of the semester, the vast majority of students indicated their interest in epidemiology had increased (93%), critical thinking had improved (92%), and confidence as independent learners had increased (86%). Outcomes did not differ significantly by gender or across learning styles. More than two thirds of students had already applied learnings from this subject in other settings (67%). Students' final mark for this subject was significantly higher than their Weighted Average Mark (WAM) prior to the semester (+17.4, p < 0.001). Average scores for the subject were > 84/100 with a < 0.5% failure rate. Conclusions HTBL-PE has positive learning outcomes; low failure rates, increased confidence in learning and themselves, increased interest in epidemiology and high overall scores in the subject. Key messages An effective new innovative teaching strategy resulted in a subject average score > 84/100 and <0.5% failure rate. The vast majority of students reported increased confidence as independent lifelong learners, critical thinking, confidence in epidemiology (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) and themselves.

ASSESSMENT OF WOODEN BUILDINGS IN TERMS OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE GENERATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Spišáková ◽  
Mária Kozlovská ◽  
Jozef Švajlenka
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Constructional Material ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Wooden Structures

Construction industry creates an environment for people's lives. On the other hand, construction activities have a negative impact on various aspects of the environment. It consumes natural raw materials, significantly contributes to carbon footprint, waste, etc. Appropriate choice of constructional, material, technical, technological and environmental parameters of buildings can partially reduce this negative impacts. By designing, implementing and using wood-based constructions it is possible to reduce the negative impact in the area of construction waste generation. Currently, the construction market offers a large number of construction systems of wooden buildings, which have both strengths and weaknesses. In this paper are identified construction systems of wooden buildings offered on the Slovak construction market. The aim of the paper is a detailed identification of construction waste generation during the realization of particular wooden structures and monitoring of waste generation in production factory (off site) and on construction site (on site) during the construction of wooden buildings. Based on the obtained information, the individual construction systems of wood-based constructions are compared in terms of construction waste generation

Research in Different Categories of UK Universities

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 304-313
Author(s):  
W. O. George ◽  
A. N. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Unit Group ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Peer Rating ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Broad Subject ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the origins and characteristics of the 102 current UK universities are briefly traced and the outcomes of recent assessments of research quality are summarized for all universities and for the 69 subject units within which assessment was made. The quality of research in a subject unit, group of subject units or complete institution is measured by a weighted average score based on a peer rating of submitted subject units from each university and the numerical values obtained are described within the limitations of the methodology developed. The authors consider the scores in terms of the characteristics of each university and the broad subject areas, science, engineering, social sciences and humanities. They then discuss the industrial link with research in terms of recent government policy inputs, university research outcomes and the impact of market forces on universities from diminishing patterns of some income streams.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kualifikasi Pendidikan, Pengalaman Kerja dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru Di SMA Frater Makassar

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Basri Bado ◽  
Revoluance Adimuntja
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Teacher Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Contract Teachers ◽  
Linearity Test

This research is a type of quantitative research that aims to determine and analyze how educational qualifications, work experience and work discipline influence the performance of teachers at Frater Makassar Senior High School. The independent variables in this study are educational qualifications, work experience and work discipline while the dependent variable is teacher performance. The population in this study were all teachers of SMA Frater Makassar consisting of ASN status teachers, permanent foundation teachers, contract teachers, and apprentice teachers as many as 41 teachers, while the sample used saturated sample techniques, namely the entire population was used as the research sample. Research data obtained by using a questionnaire, observation and documentation. The data analysis method used was validity test, reliability test and spearman rank correlation test. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive analysis (average score, standard deviation, variance and percentage), classical assumption test (normality test, linearity test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test) multiple regression test, t-test, f-test and determination coefficient delta test (ΔR2). The results showed that educational qualifications, work experience and work discipline simultaneously affect teacher performance, the amount of influence given is 24.2%, while the remaining 75.8% is explained or influenced by other variables not selected in this study.

scholarly journals Potensi Minyak Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bahan Baku Busa Pemadam Kebakaran Lahan Gambut di Indonesia: Suatu Tijauan Pustaka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwo Subekti
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fire Extinguisher ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Peat Fires

This researchs aims to to find out about the potential of palm oil as a raw material of foam firefighting peat fires in Indonesia.By using the method of literature approach to previous researchers, can be in the know that the vegetable raw materials with thepotential to be developed in Indonesia as a raw material of foam extinguishing peat fires is palm oil. In addition to theavailability of environmentally friendly palm oil is also guaranteed and sustained since 2015, Indonesia produced palm oil andits derivatives amounted to 32.5 million tons, to meet the domestic demand of 18.77% while exports amounted to 81.23%..Utilization of palm oil as a raw material foam fire extinguisher is one form of support to the Indonesian government in order toincrease the downstream and value-added palm oil products as well as reduce the level of risk of peat fires

DISTRIBUTION OF MERCURY IN COAL SEAM C7н OF PAVLOHRADSKA MINE FIELD

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Valerii Ishkov ◽  
◽  
Yevhen Kozii
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Mine Field

Purpose. Investigation of regularities of mercury distribution in coal of formation c7n of the Pavlogradska mine field. Methodology. Method of atomic absorption analysis of furrow samples of wells. Processing of geochemical and structural-geological data by methods of mathematical statistics using Excel 2016 and Statistica 6.0. The computer program Surfer was used to build maps/ Results. In article considered the distribution of mercury in the coal seam c7н of the Pavlohradska mine field of the Pavlohrad-Petropavlivka geological and industrial district of Donbas. As a result of the study, a map of isoconcentrates and a map of the regional component of mercury content in the coal of the seam were constructed and analyzed. Correlation coefficients between mercury concentration and formation morphological parameters and coal sulfur were calculated. The regression equations between this element and the ash content of coal are also established, which will allow predicting their concentration in the main working coal seams of the geological-industrial area relative to the values of coal ash content. The nature of sulfur distribution is established and the weighted average concentrations and the main descriptive statistics of this element are calculated. Scientific novelty. Peculiarities and regularities of mercury accumulation in coal of formation c7n are revealed. Practical significance. The constructed maps and established correlations are the factual basis for long-term forecasting of mercury concentrations in extracted raw materials and adjustment of technological schemes of coal beneficiation. Keywords: mercury, mine, coal height, ash content, stratum depth, sulfur content, regression equation, correlation coefficient.

CuI-Promoted [3+2] Cycloaddition/oxidation to construct Pyrrolo[2,1a]isoquinolino-quinones from naphthoquinone and tetrahydroisoquinoline

Synlett ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihua Yu ◽  
Xue Tang ◽  
Chenxi Huang ◽  
Yehan Shang ◽  
Yu-Jin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
One Pot

The copper-catalyzed three-component one-pot 1,3-dipole cycloaddition/oxidation has been developed to construct Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolinoquinone derivatives with environmentally friendly oxygen as the oxidant. The products Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolinoquinones were obtained from the naturally available raw materials tetrahydroisoquinoline, 1,4-naphthoquinone and benzaldehyde with medium yields.

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