Mitigating Effect of Glycinebetaine Pretreatment on Drought Stress Responses of Creeping Bentgrass

Turfgrass performance under drought stress is impeded by plant water deficit and oxidative damage, which might be improved by the external application of osmoprotectants. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is a valuable species for low-cut golf surfaces as a result of its high density and fine texture. However, weak tolerance to drought stress is a primary shortcoming. In this study, the effect of exogenous glycinebetaine (GB) pretreatment on mitigating the damage from drought stress in creeping bentgrass cultivar ‘T-1’ was evaluated. Pieces of creeping bentgrass sod were subjected to four treatments: 1) well-watered control, 2) well watered and sprayed with 100 mm GB, 3) drought stress, and 4) drought stress and sprayed with 100 mm GB. Drought stress resulted in a remarkable decrease in turf quality (TQ), relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content, with significant increases in superoxide anion content (O2–), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activity. In contrast, pretreatment with 100 mm GB decreased the O2– and MDA content in water-stressed plants, and increased turf quality, chlorophyll content, SOD, CAT, and POD activity. Meanwhile, the expression level of the psbA, SAMS4, CMO, and ACS1 genes in leaf samples collected during the drought-stress stage was elevated in GB pretreatment. Notably, SAMS4 gene expression in GB pretreatment was significantly greater than in the untreated GB groups subjected to water stress. These results suggested that GB could mitigate the adverse effect of water stress on creeping bentgrass. The amelioration related strongly to the maintenance of the antioxidant enzyme system, accumulated endogenous compatible metabolites, and the elevation of gene expression levels. These findings lead us to conclude that GB pretreatment could be used as an ameliorative agent for creeping bentgrass against the deleterious effects of water stress.

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Histone Deacetylase Gene SlHDA3 Involves in ABA, Drought and Salt Response in Tomato

10.21203/rs.3.rs-208247/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jun-E Guo

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Histone Deacetylase ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Histone Deacetylation ◽

New Members ◽

Modifying Factors ◽

Mda Content

Abstract Histone deacetylation, one of vital modifying factors of post-translation modifications, which is catalyzed by histone deacetylase. The genes of histone deacetylase(HDACs) play critical roles in various stress responses. However, detailed functions for most SlHDAC members in tomato still unknown. In this work, we found that a histone deacetylase, SlHDA3, involved in response to NaCl and drought abiotic stresses. The expression of SlHDA3 was also induced significantly by NaCl, drought stress and endogenous hormone treatments. Silencing of SlHDA3 in tomato, the RNAi transgenic plants presented depressed tolerance to drought and salt stresses compared with WT tomato. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that the length of hypocotyl and roots in RNAi plants were more inhibited by ABA and salt stress than that of WT at post-germination stage. Worse growth status were exhibited in SlHDA3 transgenic plants under salt and drought stress as are evaluated by a series of physiological parameters related to stress responses, such as decreased RWC, survival rate, ABA content, chlorophyll content and CAT activity, and increased MDA content and proline content. Besides, the expressions analysis of transgenic plants showed that the transcripts of genes which associated with responses to abiotic stress were down-regulated under salt-stressed conditions. To sum up, SlHDA3 acts as a stress-responsive gene, plays a role in the positive regulation of abiotic stress tolerance, and may be one of the new members in the engineering breeding of salt- and drought-tolerant tomato.

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Analysis of Non-Structural Carbohydrates and Xylem Anatomy of Leaf Petioles Offers New Insights in the Drought Response of Two Grapevine Cultivars

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21041457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1457 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rachele Falchi ◽

Elisa Petrussa ◽

Enrico Braidot ◽

Paolo Sivilotti ◽

Francesco Boscutti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Drought Response ◽

Xylem Anatomy ◽

Anatomical Analysis ◽

Starch Mobilization ◽

Xylem Conduits

In grapevine, the anatomy of xylem conduits and the non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) content of the associated living parenchyma are expected to influence water transport under water limitation. In fact, both NSC and xylem features play a role in plant recovery from drought stress. We evaluated these traits in petioles of Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Syrah (SY) cultivars during water stress (WS) and recovery. In CS, the stress response was associated to NSC consumption, supporting the hypothesis that starch mobilization is related to an increased supply of maltose and sucrose, putatively involved in drought stress responses at the xylem level. In contrast, in SY, the WS-induced increase in the latter soluble NSCs was maintained even 2 days after re-watering, suggesting a different pattern of utilization of NSC resources. Interestingly, the anatomical analysis revealed that conduits are constitutively wider in SY in well-watered (WW) plants, and that water stress led to the production of narrower conduits only in this cultivar.

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Molecular Cloning, Expression and Insilco Analysis of Drought Stress Inducible MYB Transcription Factor Encoding Gene From C4 Plant Eleusine Coracana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-955905/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

MEGHA BHATT

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Molecular Cloning ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Promoter Region ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

Full Length ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Potential

Abstract Drought is one of the key abiotic stresses that critically influences the crops by restraining their growth and yield potential. Being sessile, plant tackle the detrimental effects of drought stress via modulating the cellular state by changing the gene expression. Such alteration of gene expression is essentially driven by the transcriptional syndicate. Transcription factors (TF) are the key regulatory protein that controls the expression of their target gene by binding to the cis-regulatory elements present in the promoter region. Myb-TF subiquitously present in all eukaryotes belong to one of the largest TF family, and play wide array of biological functions in plants including anthocyanin biosynthesis, vasculature system, cell signaling, seed maturation and abiotc stress responses. In the present study, isolation, and molecular cloning of full length Myb TF from Eleusine corocana has been performed. The isolated full-length coding sequence has 1053 bp and 350 aa was submitted to NCBI (Accession number MT312253). The transcript level of EcMYB increases under different abiotic stress treatment including dehydration, salinity, and high temperature stress. The promoter region of EcMyb1 was found to be enriched in stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements such as DRE, HSE, ABRE etc. In phylogenetic analysis, EcMyb1 appeared to have high homology with its monocot orthologs particularly Sateria italica, Hordeum vulgare, Saccharum barberi and Oryza sativa. The three-dimension protein structure was generated based on homology modeling and structural aspects were discussed. Further, Insilco analysis was conducted to explore the physiological properties, subcellular localization, potential post-translational modification sites (phosphorylation and glycosylation sites), and molecular and biological function of full-length protein. Overall, the expression profiling and Insilco analysis of EcMyb1 strongly indicated its potential role in abiotic stress response in Eleusine corocana.

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Sitosterol-mediated Antioxidant Regulation to Enhance Heat Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs05107-21 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 147 (1) ◽

pp. 18-24

Author(s):

Stephanie Rossi ◽

Bingru Huang

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Membrane Stability ◽

Turf Quality ◽

Mda Content ◽

Plant Metabolite

Heat stress symptoms in cool-season plants are characterized by loss of chlorophyll (Chl) and membrane stability, as well as oxidative damage. The objectives of this study were to determine whether foliar application of β-sitosterol, a naturally occurring plant metabolite, may promote heat tolerance by suppressing heat-induced leaf senescence as indicated by the maintenance of healthy turf quality (TQ), and Chl and membrane stability; and to determine its roles in regulating antioxidant metabolism in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). ‘Penncross’ plants were exposed to heat stress (35/30 °C day/night) optimal temperature conditions (nonstressed control, 22/17 °C day/night) for a duration of 28 days in environment-controlled growth chambers. Plants were foliar-treated with β-sitosterol (400 µM) or water only (untreated control) before heat stress, and at 7-day intervals through 28 days of heat stress. Plants treated with β-sitosterol had significantly greater TQ and Chl content, and significantly less electrolyte leakage (EL) than untreated controls at 21 and 28 days of heat stress. Application of β-sitosterol reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly at 21 and 28 days of heat stress, and promoted the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) from 14 through 28 days of heat stress. β-Sitosterol effectively improved heat tolerance through suppression of leaf senescence in creeping bentgrass exposed to heat stress in association with the alleviation of membrane lipid peroxidation and activation of the enzymatic antioxidant system.

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FOLIAGE APPLIED SILICON AMELIORATES DROUGHT STRESS THROUGH PHYSIO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS, OSMOPROTECTANTS AND ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM OF CAMELINA (Camelina sativa L.) GENOTYPES

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2021.4.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 43-57

Author(s):

Zahoor Ahmad ◽

Ejaz Ahmad Warraich ◽

Muhammad Aamir Iqbal ◽

Celaleddin Barutçular ◽

Hesham Alharby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Turgor Pressure ◽

Water Relation ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Antioxidant Metabolism ◽

The Impact

Silicon (Si) is one of the best plant defense elements against the biotic and abiotic stresses. Camelina plants accumulate Si which serves in protection against drought stress. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of different doses of foliage applied Si (0, 3, 6 and 9 mM) under water stress (40% field capacity, FC) and non-stress conditions (100% FC) on camelina genotypes (Canadian and Australian). The imposed drought drastically decreased the growth parameters like root-shoot length and plant fresh and dry weight and also had negative impact on the chlorophyll content along with water relation attributes (water potential, osmotic potential and turgor pressure). In contrast, total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, proline and antioxidants such as ascorbic peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced especially in water stressed Canadian genotype, while osmoprotectants (flavonoids, anthocyanins and glycinebetaine) and phenolics contents were decreased. On the other hand, the foliar application of Si was instrumental in enhancing the growth of camelina by increasing the chlorophyll contents and water relation of stressed and non-stressed plants. Similarly, the biochemical, osmoprotectants and antioxidant metabolism was also improved in camelina stressed plants through the application of foliar Si. In conclusion, foliar application of 6 mM Si at vegetative growth stage played a vital role in alleviating the drastic impact of water stress on camelina growth by improving the water status, chlorophyll content, accumulation of phenolics and osmoprotectants and activating antioxidants. Therefore, the foliar application of Si could be developed as an important biologically viable strategy for boosting the tolerance in camelina plants to water stress conditions.

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Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Trinexapac-ethyl and Biostimulants under Summer Stress

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.45.1.125 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 125-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yan Xu ◽

Bingru Huang

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Grass Species ◽

Water Control ◽

Turf Quality ◽

Putting Green

Summer decline in turf quality and growth of cool-season grass species is a major concern in turfgrass management. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether foliar application of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) and two biostimulants (TurfVigor and CPR) containing seaweed extracts would alleviate the decline in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) growth during summer months and to examine effects of TE and the biostimulants on leaf senescence and root growth. The study was performed on a ‘Penncross’ putting green built on a sandy loam soil at Hort Farm II, North Brunswick, NJ, in 2007 and 2008. Turf was foliar-sprayed with water (control), TE (0.05 kg a.i./ha), TurfVigor (47.75 L·ha−1), or CPR (19.10 L·ha−1) from late June to early September in a 2-week interval in both years. Turf quality, density, chlorophyll content, canopy photosynthetic rate (Pn), and root growth exhibited significant decline during July and August in both 2007 and 2008, to a greater extent in each parameter for the control treatment. Foliar application of TE resulted in significant improvement in turf quality, density, chlorophyll content, and Pn on certain sampling dates from July to September in both years compared with the control. Both TurfVigor and CPR significantly improved visual quality during July and August in both years by promoting both shoot and root growth. This study suggests that proper application of TE and selected biostimulants could be effective to improve summer performance of creeping bentgrass.

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Plant Hosts Modify Belowground Microbial Community Response to Extreme Drought

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00092-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Allison M. Veach ◽

Huaihai Chen ◽

Zamin K. Yang ◽

Audrey D. Labbe ◽

Nancy L. Engle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Community Response ◽

Extreme Drought ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Belowground Interactions

ABSTRACT Drought stress negatively impacts microbial activity, but the magnitude of stress responses is likely dependent on a diversity of belowground interactions. Populus trichocarpa individuals and no-plant bulk soils were exposed to extended drought (∼0.03% gravimetric water content [GWC] after 12 days), rewet, and a 12-day “recovery” period to determine the effects of plant presence in mediating soil microbiome stability to water stress. Plant metabolomic analyses indicated that drought exposure increased host investment in C and N metabolic pathways (amino acids, fatty acids, phenolic glycosides) regardless of recovery. Several metabolites positively correlated with root-associated microbial alpha-diversity, but not those of soil communities. Soil bacterial community composition shifted with P. trichocarpa presence and with drought relative to irrigated controls, whereas soil fungal composition shifted only with plant presence. However, root fungal communities strongly shifted with drought, whereas root bacterial communities changed to a lesser degree. The proportion of bacterial water-stress opportunistic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (enriched counts in drought) was high (∼11%) at the end of drying phases and maintained after rewet and recovery phases in bulk soils, but it declined over time in soils with plants present. For root fungi, opportunistic OTUs were high at the end of recovery in drought treatments (∼17% abundance), although relatively not responsive in soils, particularly planted soils (<0.5% abundance for sensitive or opportunistic). These data indicate that plants modulate soil and root-associated microbial drought responses via tight plant-microbe linkages during extreme drought scenarios, but trajectories after extreme drought vary with plant habitat and microbial functional groups. IMPORTANCE Climate change causes significant alterations in precipitation and temperature regimes that are predicted to become more extreme throughout the next century. Microorganisms are important members within ecosystems, and how they respond to these changing abiotic stressors has large implications for the functioning of ecosystems, the recycling of nutrients, and the health of the aboveground plant community. Drought stress negatively impacts microbial activity, but the magnitude of this stress response may be dependent on above- and belowground interactions. This study demonstrates that beneficial associations between plants and microbes can enhance tolerance to abiotic stress.

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Gene Expression Profiles Deciphering the Pathways of Coronatine Alleviating Water Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivar Nipponbare (Japonica)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20102543 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 2543 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wei Gao ◽

Chunxin Yu ◽

Lin Ai ◽

Yuyi Zhou ◽

Liusheng Duan

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Oryza Sativa ◽

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Rice Seedling

Coronatine (COR) is a structural and functional analog of methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA), which can alleviate stress on plant. We studied the effects of COR on the drought stress of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pre-treatment with COR significantly increased the biomass, relative water and proline content, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)-radical scavenging activity, decreased the electrolyte leakage and MDA (Malondialdehyde) content in order to maintain the stability of cell membrane. Meanwhile, we determined how COR alleviates water stress by Nipponbare gene expression profiles and cDNA microarray analyses. Seedlings were treated with 0.1 μmol L−1 COR at the three leafed stage for 12 h, followed with 17.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG). Whole genome transcript analysis was determined by employing the Rice Gene Chip (Affymetrix), a total of 870 probe sets were identified to be up or downregulated due to COR treatment under drought stress. Meanwhile, the real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method was used to verify some genes; it indicated that there was a good agreement between the microarray data and RT-qPCR results. Our data showed that the differentially expressed genes were involved in stress response, signal transduction, metabolism and tissue structure development. Some important genes response to stress were induced by COR, which may enhance the expression of functional genes implicated in many kinds of metabolism, and play a role in defense response of rice seedling to drought stress. This study will aid in the analysis of the expressed gene induced by COR.

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Transcriptome Profiles of Contrasting Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes Under Water Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120848 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 848 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Macarena Barra ◽

Claudio Meneses ◽

Stephanie Riquelme ◽

Manuel Pinto ◽

Martin Lagüe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Water Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽

Water Stress Tolerance ◽

Expression Of Genes

The potato is susceptible to water stress at all stages of development. We examined four clones of tetraploid potato, Cardinal, Desirée, Clone 37 FB, and Mije, from the germplasm bank of the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA) in Chile. Water stress was applied by suspending irrigation at the beginning of tuberization. Stomatal conductance, and tuber and plant fresh and dry weight were used to categorize water stress tolerance. Cardinal had a high susceptibility to water stress. Desirée was less susceptible than Cardinal and had some characteristics of tolerance. Mije had moderate tolerance and Clone 37 FB had high tolerance. Differential gene expression in leaves from plants with and without water stress were examined using transcriptome sequencing. Water stress-susceptible Cardinal had the fewest differentially expressed genes at 101, compared to Desirée at 1867, Clone 37 FB at 1179, and Mije at 1010. Water stress tolerance was associated with upregulation of the expression of transcription factor genes and genes involved in osmolyte and polyamine biosynthesis. Increased expression of genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) and dehydrin proteins along with decreased expression of genes involved in nitrate assimilation and amino acid metabolism were found for clones showing water stress tolerance. The results also show that a water deficit was associated with reduced biotic stress responses. Additionally, heat shock protein genes were differentially expressed in all clones except for highly susceptible Cardinal. Together, the gene expression study demonstrates variation in the molecular pathways and biological processes in response to water stress contributing to tolerance and susceptibility.

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Cellular Phosphorylation Signaling and Gene Expression in Drought Stress Responses: ABA-Dependent and ABA-Independent Regulatory Systems

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040756 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 756

Author(s):

Fumiyuki Soma ◽

Fuminori Takahashi ◽

Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki ◽

Kazuo Shinozaki

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Protein Kinases ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Regulatory Pathways ◽

Cis Acting ◽

Regulatory Systems ◽

Responsive Element

Drought is a severe and complex abiotic stress that negatively affects plant growth and crop yields. Numerous genes with various functions are induced in response to drought stress to acquire drought stress tolerance. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates mainly in the leaves in response to drought stress and then activates subclass III SNF1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s), which are key phosphoregulators of ABA signaling. ABA mediates a wide variety of gene expression processes through stress-responsive transcription factors, including ABA-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEINS (AREBs)/ABRE-BINDING FACTORS (ABFs) and several other transcription factors. Seed plants have another type of SnRK2s, ABA-unresponsive subclass I SnRK2s, that mediates the stability of gene expression through the mRNA decay pathway and plant growth under drought stress in an ABA-independent manner. Recent research has elucidated the upstream regulators of SnRK2s, RAF-like protein kinases, involved in early responses to drought stress. ABA-independent transcriptional regulatory systems and ABA-responsive regulation function in drought-responsive gene expression. DEHYDRATION RESPONSIVE ELEMENT (DRE) is an important cis-acting element in ABA-independent transcription, whereas ABA-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT (ABRE) cis-acting element functions in ABA-responsive transcription. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in research on cellular and molecular drought stress responses and focus on phosphorylation signaling and transcription networks in Arabidopsis and crops. We also highlight gene networks of transcriptional regulation through two major regulatory pathways, ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways, that ABA-responsive subclass III SnRK2s and ABA-unresponsive subclass I SnRK2s mediate, respectively. We also discuss crosstalk in these regulatory systems under drought stress.

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