scholarly journals A REVIEW: IMPACT OF SOIL SALINITY ON ECOLOGICAL, AGRICULTURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONCERNS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 979-986
Author(s):  
Pooja N. Thaker ◽  
◽  
Nayana Brahmbhatt ◽  
Karishma Shah ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Biodiversity Changes

In recent years, salinization of soil is one of the challenging environmental concerns occurring all over the world. The effects of concentration of salt can be detected in both natural (primary) as well as man-made (secondary) environment. This is due to massive urbanization and industrialization in coastal regions, Soil salinity may lead to degradative changes in the composition of natural water resources, loss of fertile soil, loss of biodiversity, changes in local climatic conditions which in turn affects many aspects like, increasing salinization (salt affected soil) of lands converted in to non-productive conditions which significantly affects human life and posing major interruption to the economic development of farmers and their economy in the country. Furthermore, the overview of salinization and its effects on ecology, agriculture and economic growth and development is presented in this paper. Purpose of this review paper represented is according to most recent literature and refines knowledge on consistent research efforts for the types of soil salinity, problems of soil salinization, effect on plant growth and management strategies in agriculture to mitigate soil conditions in the salinity affected areas as well as rise in crop productivity and suggests future perspectives for on-going salinity research in the country.

scholarly journals Status quo of pastures in Uzbekistan and their effective utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032069
Author(s):  
M I Ruzmetov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Global research to assess the impact of climate change on soil-climatic conditions of arid lands has resulted in the following scientific findings: pasture degradation due to inefficient use of available resources; improved technologies for the condition of pasture soils and their restoration and the use of GIS monitoring; soil conditions, desertification factors and degradation processes of anthropogenesis in pasture conditions; developments for remote sensing of the Earth to determine the current state of pastures and the use of GIS technologies; and, improved technologies for adapting to climate change and combating soil degradation. Measures have been developed to restore biodiversity, increase crop productivity, and increase the fertility of these soils. This article describes the relevance of pasture land use around the world and the effectiveness of the use of a variety of water-saving technologies (Water-box) in the foothills and desert pastures.

Potential of halophytes in managing soil salinity and mitigating climate change for environmental sustainability

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Kathirvel Suganya ◽  
Ramesh Poornima ◽  
Paul Sebastian Selvaraj ◽  
E Parameswari - ◽  
P Kalaiselvi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Land Utilization

Soil salinization is one of the foremost factors affecting global agricultural productivity. More than half billion hectares of agricultural land are unutilized due to excess saline condition. Hence, there is a great urge in exploring scientific interventions in restoring the saline affected areas and promote high productive and effective land utilization in order to respond to today's global concerns of food security. While a sound drainage system is required as a permanent solution to the soil salinity problem in order to regulate the water table, this option cannot be used in larger area with high energy and cost-intensity.Phytoremediation, a plant – based approach is one of the promising technology in enhanced dissolution of Ca levels along with sodium removal through cultivating suitable halophytes.During the process, the proliferation of roots, aggregate stability, hydraulic conductivity and nutrient availability increases. These improvement in soil quality enables the growth of less tolerant crops, enhances the overall ecosystem and climatic conditions by increasing carbon sequestration. In this perspective, the chapter focuses on halophytes, its kinds, the effects of salinity on soil physical, chemical, biological health, the influence of halophytes in stress management and on the function of halophytes in carbon sequestration.

scholarly journals Irrigated Agriculture on Saline Soils: A Perspective

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Anna Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Secondary Salinization ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

Approximately 6.5% of the world’s arable and marginal soils are either saline or sodic. The situation will worsen due to climate change. Regardless of the cause that generated the salinity, i.e., whether primary or secondary, the effect of soil salinization on plant growth and on living organisms will be severe. To mitigate such impacts, several studies have been carried out over the years with the aim of providing technical or management solutions to deal with the multiple consequences of soil salinity. A review by Cuevas et al. proposes a new approach looking for solutions through soil-improving cropping systems (SICSs). The SICSs have to prevent, mitigate or remediate the negative impacts of soil salinization. The efforts of Cuevas et al. were to organize the analyses by focusing on SICSs that would: (1) prevent or halt secondary salinization; (2) cope with salinization; (3) reverse salinization. The study is concluded by an effort to assess the impacts of each SICS and of the combined SICSs application in terms of agronomic, economic, and environmental aspects. Both economic constraints and the collective willingness of stakeholders to innovate are taken into in the evaluation of feasibility. It is important to put into practice and/or identify a number of sustainable actions, at low environmental input, to improve crop tolerance to water deficit and high salinity as well as to preserve biodiversity and mitigate the impact of climate changes. At the same time, these actions would ensure crop productivity in the area, thus guaranteeing environment and social benefits to the local population, and thus weakening the motivation to abandon the land. The aim of this editorial is to propose a broader perspective on the review by Cuevas et al. “A Review of Soil-Improving Cropping Systems for Soil Salinization”. In the review, the authors go through several soil-improving cropping systems (SICSs) by considering them separately or in combination with the aim to provide guidelines towards resolving, counteracting or mitigating soil salinity. I tried to highlight the strengths of the study by Cuevas et al., while suggesting related topics that may deserve further attention by the community.

scholarly journals The effect of global warming on soil salinity in arid regions

2013 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Ye. I. Pankova ◽  
M. V. Konyushkova
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Desert Soils ◽  
Hydromorphic Soils ◽  
Other Hand

The comparison of modern climatic conditions and soil salinity in subboreal deserts of Middle Asia (Turanian plain) and Central Asia (Gobi deserts) shows that climate has an effect on salinity of hydromorphic soils. From the other hand, the distribution and degree of salinity of automorphic desert soils are predominantly governed by the distribution of salt-bearing rocks inherited from the previous geologic stages and are not related directly to the modern aridity. This fact allows us to state that the global warming will not promote salinization of automorphic soils of arid regions, except for the soils subjected to aeolian salinization. Climate aridification will provoke soil salinization in hydromorphic conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluating management-induced soil salinization in golf courses in semi-arid landscapes

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Young ◽  
T. K. Udeigwe ◽  
D. C. Weindorf ◽  
T. Kandakji ◽  
P. Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Site-specific information on land management practices are often desired to make better assertions of their environmental impacts. A study was conducted in Lubbock, TX, in the Southern High Plains of the United States, an area characterized by semi-arid climatic conditions, to (1) examine the potential management-induced alteration in soil salinity indicators in golf course facilities and (2) develop predictive relationships for a more rapid soil salinity examination within these urban landscape soils using findings from portable x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometer. Soil samples were collected from the managed (well irrigated) and non-managed (non irrigated) areas of seven golf course facilities at 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths, and analyzed for a suite of chemical properties. Among the extractable cations, sodium (Na) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the managed zones of all the golf facilities. Soil electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), parameters often used in characterizing soil salinity and sodicity, were in most part significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the managed areas. Water quality report collected over a 22-year period (1991–2013, all years not available) indicated a gradual increase in pH, EC, SAR, total alkalinity, and extractable ions, thus, supporting the former findings. Findings from the PXRF suggested possible differences in chemical species and sources that contribute to salinity between the managed and non-managed zones. PXRF quantified Cl and S, and to a lesser extent Ca, individually and collectively explained 23–85% of the variability associated with soil salinity at these facilities.

scholarly journals Evaluating management-induced soil salinization in golf courses in semi-arid landscapes

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Young ◽  
T. K. Udeigwe ◽  
D. C. Weindorf ◽  
T. Kandakji ◽  
P. Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Site-specific information on land management practices are often desired to make better assessments of their environmental impacts. A study was conducted in Lubbock, Texas, in the Southern High Plains of the United States, an area characterized by semi-arid climatic conditions, to (1) examine the potential management-induced alterations in soil salinity indicators in golf course facilities and (2) develop predictive relationships for a more rapid soil salinity examination within these urban landscape soils using findings from a portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometer. Soil samples were collected from managed (well irrigated) and non-managed (non-irrigated) areas of seven golf course facilities at 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths and analyzed for a suite of chemical properties. Among the extractable cations, sodium (Na) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the managed zones of all the golf facilities. Soil electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), parameters often used in characterizing soil salinity and sodicity, were for the most part significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the managed areas. Water quality reports collected over a 22-year period (1991–2013, all years not available) indicated a gradual increase in pH, EC, SAR, total alkalinity, and extractable ions, thus supporting the former findings. Findings from the PXRF suggested possible differences in chemical species and sources that contribute to salinity between the managed and non-managed zones. PXRF-quantified Cl and S, and to a lesser extent Ca, individually and collectively explained 23–85% of the variability associated with soil salinity at these facilities.

scholarly journals Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2299
Author(s):  
Hiba M. Alkharabsheh ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Omar A. Hewedy ◽  
Martin L. Battaglia ◽  
Rewaa S. Jalal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
High Productivity

The productivity of cereal crops under salt stress limits sustainable food production and food security. Barley followed by sorghum better adapts to salinity stress, while wheat and maize are moderately adapted. However, rice is a salt-sensitive crop, and its growth and grain yield are significantly impacted by salinity stress. High soil salinity can reduce water uptake, create osmotic stress in plants and, consequently, oxidative stress. Crops have evolved different tolerance mechanisms, particularly cereals, to mitigate the stressful conditions, i.e., effluxing excessive sodium (Na+) or compartmentalizing Na+ to vacuoles. Likewise, plants activate an antioxidant defense system to detoxify apoplastic cell wall acidification and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding the response of field crops to salinity stress, including their resistance mechanisms, can help breed adapted varieties with high productivity under unfavourable environmental factors. In contrast, the primary stages of seed germination are more critical to osmotic stress than the vegetative stages. However, salinity stress at the reproductive stage can also decrease crop productivity. Biotechnology approaches are being used to accelerate the development of salt-adapted crops. In addition, hormones and osmolytes application can mitigate the toxicity impact of salts in cereal crops. Therefore, we review the salinity on cereal crops physiology and production, the management strategies to cope with the harmful negative effect on cereal crops physiology and production of salt stress.

scholarly journals Assessing soil salinity dynamics using time-lapse electromagnetic conductivity imaging

SOIL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-511
Author(s):  
Maria Catarina Paz ◽  
Mohammad Farzamian ◽  
Ana Marta Paz ◽  
Nádia Luísa Castanheira ◽  
Maria Conceição Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Conductivity Imaging

Abstract. Lezíria Grande de Vila Franca de Xira, located in Portugal, is an important agricultural system where soil faces the risk of salinization due to climate change, as the level and salinity of groundwater are likely to increase as a result of the rise of the sea water level and consequently of the estuary. These changes can also affect the salinity of the irrigation water which is collected upstream of the estuary. Soil salinity can be assessed over large areas by the following rationale: (1) use of electromagnetic induction (EMI) to measure the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, mS m−1); (2) inversion of ECa to obtain electromagnetic conductivity imaging (EMCI) which provides the spatial distribution of the soil electrical conductivity (σ, mS m−1); (3) calibration process consisting of a regression between σ and the electrical conductivity of the saturated soil paste extract (ECe, dS m−1), used as a proxy for soil salinity; and (4) conversion of EMCI into salinity cross sections using the obtained calibration equation. In this study, EMI surveys and soil sampling were carried out between May 2017 and October 2018 at four locations with different salinity levels across the study area of Lezíria de Vila Franca. A previously developed regional calibration was used for predicting ECe from EMCI. Using time-lapse EMCI data, this study aims (1) to evaluate the ability of the regional calibration to predict soil salinity and (2) to perform a preliminary qualitative analysis of soil salinity dynamics in the study area. The validation analysis showed that ECe was predicted with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.14 dS m−1 in a range of 52.35 dS m−1, slightly overestimated (−1.23 dS m−1), with a strong Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.94 and high linearity between measured and predicted data (R2=0.88). It was also observed that the prediction ability of the regional calibration is more influenced by spatial variability of data than temporal variability of data. Soil salinity cross sections were generated for each date and location of data collection, revealing qualitative salinity fluctuations related to the input of salts and water either through irrigation, precipitation, or level and salinity of groundwater. Time-lapse EMCI is developing into a valid methodology for evaluating the risk of soil salinization, so it can further support the evaluation and adoption of proper agricultural management strategies, especially in irrigated areas, where continuous monitoring of soil salinity dynamics is required.

scholarly journals Monitoring soil salinity using time-lapse electromagnetic conductivity imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Catarina Paz ◽  
Mohammad Farzamian ◽  
Ana Marta Paz ◽  
Nádia Luísa Castanheira ◽  
Maria Conceição Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salinity Levels

Abstract. Lezíria Grande of Vila Franca de Xira, located in Portugal, is an important agricultural system where soil faces the risk of salinization, being thus prone to desertification and land abandonment. Soil salinity can be assessed over large areas by the following rationale: (1) use of electromagnetic induction (EMI) to measure the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, dS m−1); (2) inversion of ECa to obtain electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCI) which provide the spatial distribution of the soil electrical conductivity (σ, mS m−1); (3) calibration process consisting of a regression between σ and the electrical conductivity of the saturated soil paste extract (ECe, dS m−1), used as a proxy for soil salinity; and (4) conversion of EMCI into salinity maps using the obtained calibration equation. In this study, EMI surveys and soil sampling were carried out between May 2017 and October 2018 at four locations with different salinity levels across the study area of Lezíria de Vila Franca. A previously developed regional calibration was used for predicting ECe from EMCI. This study aims to evaluate the potential of time-lapse EMCI and the regional calibration to predict the spatiotemporal variability of soil salinity in the study area. The results showed that ECe was satisfactorily predicted, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.22 dS m−1 in a range of 52.35 dS m−1 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.89. Results also showed strong concordance with a Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.93, although, ECe was slightly overestimated with a mean error (ME) of −1.30 dS m−1. Soil salinity maps for each location revealed salinity fluctuations related to the input of salts and water either through irrigation, precipitation or groundwater level and salinity. Time-lapse EMCI has proven to be a valid methodology for evaluating the risk of soil salinization, and can further support the evaluation and adoption of proper agricultural management strategies, especially in irrigated areas, where continuous monitoring of soil salinity dynamics is required.

scholarly journals Selectivity of herbicides applied, in pre-emergence, during the establishment phase of sugarcane

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
R. C. A. Araújo ◽  
A. M. C. Marinho ◽  
R. G. S. Sobrinho ◽  
V. H. C. Sousa ◽  
L. C. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Absolute Control

Sugarcane is a very important crop in the history of Brazil, since the period of colonization. Among the factors that affect its yield in commercial areas, weeds could be highlighted. Appropriate management strategies are essential to mitigate this interference and increase crop productivity. In this sense, the aim was to evaluate the effect of different control methods on weed management, in the pre-emergence of two varieties, of cane-plant. The experiment was conducted at  Primavera Farm, Itambé (PE), in randomized blocks, in a 2x5 factorial scheme, with 4 replications. The first factor represented two varieties of sugarcane (RB867515 and RB92579) and the second five weed control methods (weed control, absolute control, s-metalochlor + tebuthiuron, sulfentrazone and oxyfluorfen). The number of tillers per linear meter, degree of phytotoxicity and weed control were evaluated. At the end of the research, the RB92579 variety can be used as an alternative for the weed control because it presents rapid sprouting and initial development and more aggressive tillering than RB867515, under Itambé (PE) soil conditions. It is recommended the use of sulfentrazone at the dose of 1.8 L.ha-1.p.c, for better residual effect and "sufficient" control of weeds in the stage of establishment of the culture.

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