Garlic (Allium sativum L.): Its Chemistry, Nutritional Composition, Toxicity and Anticancer Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Rauf ◽  
Tareq Abu-Izneid ◽  
Muthu Thiruvengadam ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Ahmed Olatunde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Egf Receptor ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Peroxidation Of Lipids ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Pancreatic Cancers ◽  
Allyl Mercaptan ◽  
Oxide Synthase

: The current review discuss the chemistry, nutritional composition, toxicity, and biological functions of garlic and its bioactive compounds against various types of cancers via different anticancer mechanisms. Several scientific documents were found in reliable literature and searched in databases viz Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Research Gate were carried out using keywords such as “garlic”, “garlic bioactive compounds”, “anticancer mechanisms of garlic”, “nutritional composition of garlic”, and others. Garlic contains several phytoconstituents with activities against cancer, and these compounds such as diallyl trisulfide (DATS), allicin, and diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl sulfide (DAS), and allyl mercaptan (AM). The influence of numerous garlic-derived products, phytochemicals, and nanoformulations on the liver, oral, prostate, breast, gastric, colorectal, skin, and pancreatic cancers has been studied. Based on our search, the bioactive molecules in garlic were found to inhibit the various phases of cancer. Moreover, the compounds in this plant also abrogate the peroxidation of lipids, activity of nitric oxide synthase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), protein kinase C, and regulate cell cycle and survival signaling cascades. Hence, garlic and its bioactive molecules exhibit the aforementioned mechanistic actions and thus, they could be used to inhibit the induction, development and progression of cancer. The review describes the nutritional Composition of garlic, its bioactive molecules, and nanoformulations against various types of cancers, as well as the potential for developing these agents as antitumor drugs.

Nutraceuticals from Marine Bionetworks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-344
Author(s):  
Abhitav Tiwari ◽  
Shambhawi Pritam ◽  
Keerti Mishra ◽  
Mehshara Khan ◽  
Neeraj Upmanyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Immense Potential ◽  
Potential Use

“Nutrition” and “Pharmaceutical” together build up the perception of “Nutraceuticals” that refer to the food or dietary supplements that help to incorporate additional health benefits to the fundamental sustenance accomplished on daily basis. Each nutraceutical contains one or more bioactive molecules that are usually obtained by chemical and/ or biotechnological synthesis or by extraction from natural sources. Among the natural sources, marine bionetwork possess immense potential for the presence of bioactive compounds. Some of these bioactive compounds as isolated from marine sources, have potential use as nutraceuticals. This mini review provides a brief overview of nutraceutical compounds from marine sources that are currently under research and/or have been commercialized. A detailed discussion on the biochemical categories of compounds and the marine organisms that play as potential sources of these bioactive nutraceutical compounds have been included.

scholarly journals Current Strategies for Studying the Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Compounds in Food by Chromatographic Separation Techniques

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Wioletta Parys ◽  
Małgorzata Dołowy ◽  
Alina Pyka-Pająk
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

The present study summarizes the new strategies including advanced equipment and validation parameters of liquid and gas chromatography methods i.e., thin-layer chromatography (TLC), column liquid chromatography (CLC), and gas chromatography (GC) suitable for the identification and quantitative determination of different natural and synthetic bioactive compounds present in food and food products, which play an important role in human health, within the period of 2019–2021 (January). Full characteristic of some of these procedures with their validation parameters is discussed in this work. The present review confirms the vital role of HPLC methodology in combination with different detection modes i.e., HPLC-UV, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS, and HPLC-MS/MS for the determination of natural and synthetic bioactive molecules for different purposes i.e., to characterize the chemical composition of food as well as in the multi-residue analysis of pesticides, NSAIDs, antibiotics, steroids, and others in food and food products.

scholarly journals The Bioactive Potential of Trawl Discard: Case Study from a Crinoid Bed Off Blanes (North-Western Mediterranean)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Alfredo García-de-Vinuesa ◽  
Montserrat Demestre ◽  
Arnau Carreño ◽  
Josep Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trawl Survey ◽  
Bioactive Potential

Although knowledge of the bioactive compounds produced by species inhabiting coastal waters is increasing, little is known about the bioactive potential produced by marine species occupying deeper habitats with high biodiversity and productivity. Here, we investigate about the bioactive potential of molecules produced by species that inhabit the crinoid beds, a poorly known essential fish habitat affected by trawling, wherein large amounts of commercial and noncommercial species are discarded. Based on a trawl survey conducted in 2019, 14% of the 64 species discarded on crinoid beds produce molecules with some type of bioactive potential, including; soft corals (Alcyonium palmatum); tunicates (Ascidia mentula); bony fish, such as horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus); European hake (Merluccius merluccius); and chondrichthyans, such as small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). In addition, 16% of the discarded species had congeneric species that produce compounds with bioactive potential, indicating that such species might also possess similar types of bioactive molecules. Molecules with antioxidant, antitumour, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties were the most frequent, which could provide the basis for future research aiming to discover new marine-based drugs and compounds for other human uses. Among all species or genera that produce compounds with bioactive potential, 68% presented medium or high vulnerability to trawling. Results show that the discarded catch contains many species, which produce different bioactive compounds that represent an added-value resource. These results highlight the importance of manage properly crinoid beds, to ensure that species that produce molecules with bioactive potential inhabiting these habitats are protected.

Nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of Melipona seminigra pot‐pollen from Amazonas, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemilla Sarmento Rebelo ◽  
Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin ◽  
Amadeu Hoshi Iglesias ◽  
Marcella Aparecida Stahl ◽  
Karsten Kristiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Nutritional Composition

scholarly journals Valorization of Sicanaodorifera (Vell.) Naudin Epicarp as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Its Bioactive Properties

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Bianca R. Albuquerque ◽  
Maria Inês Dias ◽  
Carla Pereira ◽  
Jovana Petrović ◽  
Marina Soković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Fruit bio-residues can be interesting for the recovery of bioactive molecules, such as phenolic compounds, tocopherols, vitamins, among others. These compounds can be targeted at the food industry and used for the development of functional foods or as food additives. In some cases, fruit epicarps are converted into by-products with non-commercial value, and generally, these fruit parts have a higher content in bioactive compounds than the fruit pulp. From this perspective, S. odorifera, a Brazilian fruit, has an inedible epicarp that could be explored to obtain biological compounds. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the chemical composition and the antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial bioactivities of this by-product. S. odorifera epicarp showed a total of four organic acids, four phenolic compounds, highlighting the high concentration of anthocyanins (24 ± 1 mg/g dry weight (dw)) and high content of tocopherols (366 ± 2 mg/100 g dw). The hydroethanolic extract showed considerable antioxidant activity (EC50 values of 48.2 ± 0.5 and 27 ± 1 µg/mL for TBARS and OxHLIA assays, respectively), as also antibacterial and antifungal activities (minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≤ 2.2 mg/mL). The results obtained in this study suggest that Sicana odorifera epicarp represents a reliable option for the development of novel natural-based colorants with functional/bioactive proprieties.

scholarly journals Antitryptical, anticoagulant and hemagglutinating activities of Eucalyptus sp. seeds

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yago Queiroz dos Santos ◽  
Gabriella Silva Campos Carelli ◽  
Bruno Oliveira de Veras ◽  
Virgínia Cunha Batista ◽  
Anderson Felipe Jácome de França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Trypsin Inhibition ◽  
Innovative Solutions

Background: Plant biodiversity has great value for science being an inexhaustible source for new bioactive molecules capable of offering environmentally friendly and innovative solutions for various areas of the industry. The scientific community has increased their interest in the study of plant species in the search of new molecules and to determine their mechanisms of action. Plant seeds are natural sources of bioactive compounds, such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins with special focus on enzymatic inhibitors which protect them against digestive enzymes of phytopathogens and lectins that play an important role on carbohydrate signalization and metabolism during germination. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and describe the protein profile and to test the hemagglutinating, hemolytic and anticoagulant activities, as well as the antitryptic effect of extracts and fractions obtained from seeds of Eucalyptus species. Methods: The crude protein extract was obtained from the seed of Eucalyptus sp. with 0.02 M sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 6.6, and fractionated using ammonium sulfate in order to study its antitryptical properties as well as the capacity of hemagglutination and influence on hemostasis. Results: The crude extract showed a high effectiveness for trypsin inhibition. For hemagglutinating activity, the ammonium sulfate fraction 0-30% presented better activity, while no hemolytic activity was present in the obtained fractions. For anticoagulation assay, the fraction 0-30% showed better results. Conclusions: Taken together, the obtained results demonstrate the biotechnological potential of Eucalyptus sp. seeds, although further study is still necessary to better isolate as well as describe the bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Impact of Cooking on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Pigmented Rice Cultivars

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Fracassetti ◽  
Carola Pozzoli ◽  
Sara Vitalini ◽  
Antonio Tirelli ◽  
Marcello Iriti
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Cooking Water ◽  
Positive Effect

Pigmented rice cultivars, namely Venere and Artemide, are a source of bioactive molecules, in particular phenolics, including anthocyanins, exerting a positive effect on cardiovascular systems thanks also to their antioxidant capacity. This study aimed to determine the total phenol index (TPI), total flavonoids (TF), total anthocyanins (TA) and in vitro antioxidant capacity in 12 batches of Venere cultivar and two batches of Artemide cultivar. The rice was cooked using different methods (boiling, microwave, pressure cooker, water bath, rice cooker) with the purpose to individuate the procedure limiting the loss of bioactive compounds. TPI, TF and TA were spectrophotometrically determined in both raw and cooked rice samples. Rice samples of Artemide cultivars were richer in TPI (17.7–18.8 vs. 8.2–11.9 g gallic acid/kg in Venere rice), TF (13.1 vs. 5.0–7.1 g catechin/kg rice for Venere rice) and TA (3.2–3.4 vs. 1.8–2.9 g Cy-3glc/kg for Venere rice) in comparison to those of Venere cultivar; as well, they showed higher antioxidant capacity (46.6–47.8 vs. 14.4–31.9 mM Trolox/kg for Venere rice). Among the investigated cooking methods, the rice cooker and the water bath led to lower and comparable losses of phenolics. Interestingly, the cooking water remaining after cooking with the rice cooker was rich in phenolics. The consumption of a portion of rice (100 g) cooked with the rice cooker with its own cooking water can supply 240 mg catechin and 711 mg cyanidin 3-O-glucoside for Venere rice and 545 mg catechin and 614 mg cyanidin 3-O-glucoside for Artemide rice, with a potential positive effect on health.

scholarly journals The Impact of Natural Dietary Compounds and Food-Borne Mycotoxins on DNA Methylation and Cancer

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terisha Ghazi ◽  
Thilona Arumugam ◽  
Ashmika Foolchand ◽  
Anil A. Chuturgoon
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Methyl Donors ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Aberrant Dna Methylation ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Cancer initiation and progression is an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression, and aberrant DNA methylation patterns are considered a hallmark of cancer. The human diet is a source of micronutrients, bioactive molecules, and mycotoxins that have the ability to alter DNA methylation patterns and are thus a contributing factor for both the prevention and onset of cancer. Micronutrients such as betaine, choline, folate, and methionine serve as cofactors or methyl donors for one-carbon metabolism and other DNA methylation reactions. Dietary bioactive compounds such as curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane reactivate essential tumor suppressor genes by reversing aberrant DNA methylation patterns, and therefore, they have shown potential against various cancers. In contrast, fungi-contaminated agricultural foods are a source of potent mycotoxins that induce carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on dietary micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and food-borne mycotoxins that affect DNA methylation patterns and identify their potential in the onset and treatment of cancer.

scholarly journals The Profile of Carotenoids and Other Bioactive Molecules in Various Pumpkin Fruits (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) Cultivars

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Kulczyński ◽  
Anna Gramza-Michałowska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Available Information

Bioactive compounds are significant to human nutrition. They are beneficial to health as they inhibit the development of numerous diseases of affluence. Scientists continuously search for natural sources of these components. At present, the chemical composition of various plants is under investigation. Many researchers are interested in pumpkin (Cucurbita L. spp.). Different organs of this plant (pulp, seeds, flowers, leaves, shoots, roots) are consumed almost all over the world. They contain large amounts of bioactive compounds. Pumpkin pulp is used to prepare various dishes. It is also widely used in the food industry for the production of pastries, baked goods, juices, jams, marinades, and baby food. The content of carotenoids in the pumpkin has been documented in a large number of publications. However, so far there has been no complex analysis of the profile of other bioactive compounds. This article analyses 11 pumpkin cultivars of the Cucurbita maxima Duchesne species. It compares the chemical composition of the pulp and analyses the content of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols (flavonols and phenolic acids), tocopherols, minerals (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn), vitamins (C, B1, folates). In view of available information, the study provides an innovative approach. The analysis showed high diversity in the concentration of individual components between the cultivars. The research proved that pumpkin pulp was not only a source of carotenoids but also other bioactive compounds.

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