Bacterial Detection Causing Subclinical Mastitis on Etawah Crossbreed Goat in Kokap, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta Province

Resident in Kokap, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta Province has another income sector, that is dairy goat (Etawah Crossbreed) farming and they have been joining into farm group, which is called Kelompok Ternak. There are many bacteria that causing dairy goat intra mamary infection, thus the milk production will be contaminated. Two hundred and four (204) milk samples from 103 lactation goat in four farm groups in Kokap, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta is used in this study. Out of these, 21 samples (10,29%) were detected strong positive (++ and +++) for subclinical mastitis by using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Among this positive result, the next step was bacteria detection. This tests were held in Preclinic Laboratory Animal Health Study Program, Vocational School, UGM. The samples were inoculated in blood agar, then colony was identify by Gram staining. The next steph is biochemical tests using McConkey Agar (MCA) and eosin methylene blue (EMB) as a selective media for Gram negative bacteria, manitol salt agar (MSA) as selective media for Staphylococcus, sugar fermented broth (glucose, lactose, mannitol, maltose, and sacharose), Kigler iron agar (KIA), lysine iron agar (LIA), motility indole ornithin (MIO), and Simmon’s citrate. The result was Staphylococcus aureus (80%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (20%), Escherichia coli (10%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%).

Download Full-text

Molecular characterization of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in central Ethiopia

Annals of Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s13213-021-01639-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Desiye Tesfaye Tegegne ◽

Gezahegne Mamo ◽

Hika Waktole ◽

Yohannes Equar Messele

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Animal Health ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Genomic Study

Abstract Purpose Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most important pathogen involved in bovine mastitis in dairy production. S. aureus produces a spectrum of extracellular protein toxins and virulence factors which are thought to contribute to the pathogenicity of the organism. The aim of this work was to isolate and molecular characterize S. aureus associated with bovine subclinical mastitis in the central part of Ethiopia. Methods A total of 265 lactating dairy cows from various dairy farms in four different geographical locations were screened by the California mastitis test (CMT) for bovine subclinical mastitis. One hundred thirty CMT-positive milk samples were collected and transported to the laboratory. Different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the identification of S. aureus isolates. Finally, PCR was performed for molecular detection of virulence genes. Results From a total of 265 lactating dairy cows screened, 49% (n = 130) were positive for bovine subclinical mastitis. One hundred thirty mastitic milk samples were subjected to bacterial culturing, and one hundred (76%) S. aureus isolates were identified based on phenotypic characters. Sixty-eight confirmed S. aureus isolates were obtained using PCR. The confirmed S. aureus isolates were tested for six virulence genes (tsst-1, hlb, eta, sea, clfA, and icaD) using PCR. Of the six virulence genes screened from all the isolates, only two (clfA and eta) were detected in the isolates. Out of 68 isolates, 25% and 22% were possessed the eta and clfA genes, respectively. Conclusion The presence of Staphylococcus aureus having virulence genes (eta and clfA) revealed that mastitis is a major concern nowadays affecting animal health, milk quality, and yield. Further genomic study of these isolates will provide broad new insights on virulence.

Download Full-text

Kejadian mastitis subklinis pada kambing perah Peranakan Etawa di desa Bangelan kecamatan Wonosari kabupaten Malang

Ovozoa Journal of Animal Reproduction ◽

10.20473/ovz.v9i3.2020.60-63 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Nur Zaini Nanda Mardian ◽

Soeharsono Soeharsono ◽

Nenny Harijani ◽

Budiarto Budiarto ◽

Herry Agoes Hermadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Milk Production ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

California Mastitis Test

Etawa crossbred goat is one species of goat that is raised for milk production. One of the diseases that often occur in dairy livestock is mastitis, in which there is inflammation of the mammary gland. It is common in goat, that mastitis does not show clinical symptoms (subclinical). This research aims to determine the incidence of subclinical mastitis in Etawa crossbred goats in Bangelan village Wonosari district Malang regency. This research involved 25 respondent farms, which are Etawa crossbred dairy goat farms. In this research, subclinical mastitis cases were directly detected using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The results showed that out of 70 samples collected, 41 (58.6%) samples were positive. These CMT positive goats were from 88% of the respondent farms.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of mastitis in dairy goat farms in Eastern Algeria

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.1563-1572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1563-1572 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zahra Gabli ◽

Zouhir Djerrou ◽

Abd Elhafid Gabli ◽

Mounira Bensalem

Keyword(s):

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Mammary Glands ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Control Measures ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Eastern Algeria ◽

And Control ◽

Positive Half

Aim: This study aimed to investigate mastitis in dairy goat farms through the California mastitis test (CMT) and bacteriological examinations. Materials and Methods: A total of 845 goats belonging to 18 farms from four regions (Tébessa, Guelma, Souk Ahras, and Skikda) were examined. Results: Clinical examination of the mammary glands showed that 30/845 (3.55%) goats had clinical mastitis and 32 goats had half-teat inflammation. CMT subclinical mastitis (SCM) was detected in 815 goats that were presumed to be healthy. CMT showed 46 (5.64%) CMT-positive goats as well as 47 (2.88%) positive half-udders with a score of ≥2. A total of 79 bacteria were isolated and identified from the 79 bacterial positive samples. Bacteriological analyses showed that Gram-positive staphylococci were largely responsible for clinical and SCM. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, with an isolation frequency of 56.96%, were the most prevalent bacteria from all isolated organisms. The second most prevalent organism was Staphylococcus aureus at 40.50% and streptococci (2.53%) had the smallest percentage of isolation. Conclusion: It is suggested that due to the prevalence of mastitis in this species, farmers should be aware of the problem to plan preventive and control measures to reduce dairy goat losses due to this disease.

Download Full-text

Detection of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows using California Mastitis Test and Udder Pathogen

Current Biochemistry ◽

10.29244/cb.1.2.66-70 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 66-70

Author(s):

Evi Nur Qolbaini ◽

I Made Artika ◽

Dodi Safari

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Level 3 ◽

Oxidase Test ◽

Bacterial Groups ◽

Level 2

Subclinical mastitis is an infection of the udder devoid of clinical symptoms, bacteria are one of the causes behind this disease. In the present study, we investigated subclinical mastitis in dairy cows using the California mastitis test (CMT) and udder pathogens from KUNAK (Kawasan Usaha Peternak Sapi Perah) Cibungbulang, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. We randomly collected 102 milk samples from dairy farms in different stalls. We found that 87 out of the 102 (86 %) milk samples were positive for CMT test with level+1, level+2, and level+3 were 22 %, 45 %, and 33 % respectively. We also identified three different major bacterial groups: staphylococcus, streptococcus, and enterobacteria based on gram staining, oxidase test, and coagulase test. It can be concluded that the case of bovine subclinical mastitis in Kunak Bogor was very high and caused by various bacteria which infected cows.

Download Full-text

Molecular characterization of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in central Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-348241/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Desiye Tesfaye Teegegne ◽

Gezahegne Mamo ◽

Hika Waktole ◽

Yohannes Equar Messele

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Animal Health ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Genomic Study

Abstract Purpose: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most important pathogen involved in bovine mastitis in dairy production. S. aureus produces a spectrum of extracellular protein toxins and virulence factors which are thought to contribute to the pathogenicity of the organism. The aim of this work was to isolate and molecular characterize S. aureus associated with bovine subclinical mastitis in central part of Ethiopia.Methods: A total of 265 lactating dairy cows from various dairy farms in four different geographical locations were screened by California mastitis test (CMT) for bovine subclinical mastitis. One-hundred thirty CMT positive milk samples were collected and transported to laboratory. Different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the identification of S. aureus isolates. Finally, PCR was performed for molecular detection of virulence genes. Results: From total of 265 lactating dairy cows screened, 49% (n=130) were positive for bovine subclinical mastitis. One-hundred thirty mastitic milk samples were subjected to bacterial culturing, one hundred (76%) S. aureus isolates were identified based on phenotypic characters. Sixty-eight confirmed S. aureus isolates were obtained using PCR. The confirmed S. aureus isolates were tested for six virulence genes (tsst-1, hlb, eta, sea, clfA and icaD) using PCR. Of the six virulence genes screened from all the isolates, only two (clfA and eta) were detected in the isolates. Out of 68 isolates, 25% and 22% were possessed the eta and clfA genes, respectively. Conclusion: Presence of Staphylococcus aureus having virulence genes (eta and clfA) revealed that mastitis is a major concern nowadays affecting animal health, milk quality, and yield. Further genomic study of these isolates will provide broad new insights on virulence.

Download Full-text

Assessment of sub-clinical mastitis and its associated risk factors in dairy livestock of Lamjung, Nepal

International Journal of Infection and Microbiology ◽

10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8322 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T Khanal ◽

A Pandit

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Management Practices ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Dairy Animals ◽

Associated Risk Factors

INTRODUCTION: Mastitis is one among the top three threats faced by dairy farmers. The study was carried out to assess sub-clinical mastitis, management practices and associated risk factors for mastitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in Chandreshwor and Archalbot VDCs of Lamjung district taking 63 dairy livestock randomly each from a herd along with questionnaire survey to respective owner. Tem ml of milk sample from each quarter was taken in a sterilized syringe for further laboratory investigation. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed at farmer’s shed. Organisms were identified based on colony characteristics, Gram's staining and various biochemical tests. RESULTS: On CMT, subclinical mastitis was 46.1% (n=29) and 30.15% (n=76) on animal and quarter basis respectively, however, culture showed, 28.6% and 24.2%. Streptococcal mastitis was the commonest (11.1%) followed by coliform (9.5%) and staphylococcal (7.9%). Mastitis was highest in left fore quarter (34.92%) followed by left hind (31.76%), right hind (28.57%) and right fore (25.39%). Coliform & Staphylococcal mastitis was highest in left fore and right hind quarter respectively. Most of dairy animals (86%) were on zero grazing, 30% (n=19) of the farmers had forage trees and only 29% (n=18) had known about subclinical mastitis. The average milk production was 3.5 ±1.47 liters. Subclinical mastitis was associated significantly (p<0.01) with livestock yielding more than 3 lt per lactation. CONCLUSIONS: There was high prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy livestock at Lamjung due to poor management, unhygienic shed, and little knowledge on subclinical mastitis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8322 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(2):49-54

Download Full-text

Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Subclinical Mastitis Milk of Etawah Crossbreed Goat

Jurnal Sain Veteriner ◽

10.22146/jsv.34319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 238

Author(s):

Clara Ajeng Artdita ◽

Fajar Budi Lestari ◽

Achmad Fauzi ◽

Erian Pemila Ayu Tanzila

Keyword(s):

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Positive Control ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Klebsiella Spp

Klebsiella spp. is a common bacteria causing mastitis. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella varicola is the most infected Klebsiella spp in the dairy farm. This study used 16 milk samples from 8 lactation goats in Sahabat Ternak farm, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Samples were tested by california mastitis test (CMT) reagent to determine the mastitis status, inoculated on blood agar (BA) then on Mac Conkey Agar (MCA) as a selective media for Gram negative bacteria. The colonies from BA and MCA were stained by Gram staining to determine Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria and its cell morphology. The colonies from MCA were identified by biochemical tests such as sugar fermentation tests (glucose, lactose, maltose, and saccharose), arginine, ornithine decarboxylase, indole, citrate, urea hydrolysis (Christensen’s method), lysin and malonate. The result of mastitis test showed 5 goats were positive result and 3 samples were negative. Bacterial staining showed 2 samples were Gram-negative, rods and the others were Gram-positive, coccus. The samples with rods shapes were continued by biochemical tests. The characterization result of biochemical test indicated that the rods shapes bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae. These bacteria identification conducted in Laboratorium Preklinis Program Studi Kesehatan Hewan, Sekolah Vokasi Universitas Gadjah Mada and the result confirmation using positive control of Klebsiella pneumoniae conducted in Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Yogyakarta. These results showed that milk from Etawah crossbreed goat was infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Download Full-text

Senam Sehat dalam Meningkatkan Imun Tubuh pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 di Desa Peringgasela Selatan

Lentera Negeri ◽

10.29210/9940 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 32-36

Author(s):

Muhammad Husni Tamim ◽

Rina Nopiana

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Community Service ◽

Public Awareness ◽

The Body ◽

Health Study ◽

Study Program ◽

Education And Health ◽

The People ◽

Real Work ◽

Sports Activities

Doing physical activity can make the body fit and increase the body's immunity to be able to fight the virus during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on this, sports activities are needed to invite people to maintain their physical health through healthy exercise activities which are held aimed at increasing people's interest in exercising during the Covid-19 pandemic during new normal so that their body endurance is better. This community service (PKM) is a form of real work from the Hamzanwadi University Physical Education and Health Study Program for the people of South Pringgasela Village to participate in healthy gymnastics as an effort to prevent Covid-19. Healthy gymnastics activities can increase public awareness of the importance of maintaining health in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in mastitis milk of cattle in Chitwan, Nepal

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02942-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Asmita Shrestha ◽

Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai ◽

Himal Luitel ◽

Surendra Karki ◽

Hom Bahadur Basnet

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

World Health ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Milk Samples

Abstract Background The threat of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) exists globally and has been listed as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization. One of the sources of MRSA emergence is livestock and its products, often raised in poor husbandry conditions. There are limited studies in Nepal to understand the prevalence of MRSA in dairy animals and its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chitwan, one of the major milk-producing districts of Nepal, from February 2018 to September 2019 to estimate the prevalence of MRSA in milk samples and its AMR profile. The collected milk samples (n = 460) were screened using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and positive samples were subjected to microbiological analysis to isolate and identify S. aureus. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to identify the presence of the mecA gene and screen for MRSA. Results In total, 41.5% (191/460) of milk samples were positive in the CMT test. Out of 191 CMT positive milk samples, the biochemical tests showed that the prevalence of S. aureus was 15.2% (29/191). Among the 29 S. aureus isolates, 6.9% (2/29) were identified as MRSA based on the detection of a mecA gene. This indicates that that 1.05% (2/191) of mastitis milk samples had MRSA. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that 75.9% (22/29) and 48.3% (14/29) S. aureus isolates were found to be sensitive to Cefazolin and Tetracycline respectively (48.3%), whereas 100% of the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin. In total 96.6% (28/29) of S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of S. aureus-mediated subclinical mastitis in dairy herds in Chitwan, Nepal, with a small proportion of it being MRSA carrying a mecA gene. This S. aureus, CoNS, and MRSA contaminated milk poses a public health risk due to the presence of a phenotype that is resistant to very commonly used antibiotics. It is suggested that dairy herds be screened for subclinical mastitis and treatments for the animals be based on antibiotic susceptibility tests to reduce the prevalence of AMR. Furthermore, future studies should focus on the Staphylococcus spp. to explore the antibiotic resistance genes in addition to the mecA gene to ensure public health.

Download Full-text

Will Fly Repellency Using Deltamethrin Reduce Intramammary Infections, Stress and Fatigue Indicators of Dairy Ewes under Intensive Management?

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10020232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Konstantinos V. Arsenopoulos ◽

Georgios Sioutas ◽

Eleutherios Triantafillou ◽

Athanasios I. Gelasakis ◽

Elias Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Animal Health ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Northern Greece ◽

Intramammary Infections ◽

Dairy Ewes ◽

Stressful Environment ◽

Cell Counts

Intramammary infections (IMIs) caused by various pathogens may lead to clinical or subclinical mastitis, challenging the health and welfare status of infected animals and decreasing the quantity and quality of the produced milk. Additionally, the zoonotic potential of some of the pathogens isolated from IMI cases, the emergence of antibiotic resistance due to the extensive antibiotic use for IMI treatment, and the accumulation of antibiotic residues in milk and meat represent significant concerns for public health. Therefore, the investigation of IMI risk factors and the proposal of efficient measures to mitigate their effects on animal health and welfare is crucial. Although fly infestation is considered to play a significant role in the transmission of IMI pathogens, its adverse effects on udder health and the overall comfort status of dairy ewes have not been quantified and assessed on an evidential basis. Hence, the objectives of this study were to assess, for the first time, the fly repellent effect of deltamethrin and link it to: (i) the occurrence of common bacterial IMI; (ii) the somatic cell counts in milk; and (iii) the serum cortisol and creatine kinase levels (stress and fatigue indicators). The study was carried out in an intensive dairy sheep farm in northern Greece, during peak fly season. Deltamethrin treatment was associated with a reduced (i) number of flies (mostly Musca domestica) landing on treated ewes, compared to untreated ones (p < 0.05); (ii) colony-forming units in the case of Non-aureus Staphylococci IMIs (p < 0.05); and (iii) number of somatic cells in the milk (p < 0.001). Finally, serum cortisol and creatine kinase levels were significantly lower in deltamethrin-treated ewes (p < 0.001), indicating a less stressful environment for them.

Download Full-text