scholarly journals EFFECT OF BREADFRUIT LEAF EXTRACT ON THE VIABILITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BIOFILM IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
SEPTI WARDA ZULFIKAR ◽  
SRI UTAMI ◽  
RATNA FARIDA
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maturation Phase ◽  
Accumulation Phase

Objective: Breadfruit leaf has potent antibacterial properties that could be used to reduce biofilms in the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was toanalyze the antibacterial effect of the breadfruit leaf extract on the growth of Streptococcus mutans in vitro.Methods: S. mutans ATCC 25175 was cultured in a 96-well plate and incubated at 37°C for 20 h (accumulation phase) and 24 h (maturation phase).The breadfruit leaf extract was added at the following concentrations: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 40%, 80%, and 100%. The viability of S. mutans was testedwith the MTT assay at a wavelength of 490 nm. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.Results: In the accumulation phase, a significant decrease was found in S. mutans viability at different concentrations of the breadfruit leaf extract, butin the maturation phase, a significant decrease was found in the S. mutans viability at the 5% concentration. The other groups decreased significantlycompared with the control group (*p<0.05). The viability of S. mutans after adding the breadfruit leaf extract at all concentrations was lower in theaccumulation phase than that in the maturation phase.Conclusion: In the accumulation phase, breadfruit leaf extract at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, and 100% can reduce S. mutans biofilmviability.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF BREADFRUIT LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUINIS ATCC 10556 BIOFILM

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
VAZA NADIA ◽  
SRI UTAMI ◽  
RATNA FARIDA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Accumulation Phase ◽  
Bacterial Plaque ◽  
Insight Into

Objective: Evidence indicates that breadfruit leaf extract may have antibacterial properties. In terms of bacterial plaque, Streptococcus sanguinis isknown as an early agent of its formation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antibacterial effects of breadfruit leaf extract on the growth ofS. sanguinis.Methods: S. sanguinis ATCC 10556 was cultured in 96-well plates and was incubated at 37°C for 20 h (the accumulation phase) or 24 h (the maturationphase). Then, breadfruit leaf extract was added at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100%. The viability of S. sanguinis was evaluated using the3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay at a wavelength of 490 nm.Results: Our results demonstrated that the viability of S. sanguinis, after exposure to the breadfruit leaf extract at all concentrations, during theaccumulation and maturation phases was lower than the control group (p<0.05). In addition, the viability of S. sanguinis after exposure to the breadfruitleaf extract at concentrations of 20, 80, and 100% during the accumulation phase was lower than that observed during the maturation phase.Conclusion: Collectively, our novel findings should provide insight into the potential of breadfruit leaf extract to positively affect oral and dentalhealth.

scholarly journals Effect of antibacterial photodynamic therapy on Streptococcus mutans plaque biofilm in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050022
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Liang ◽  
Zhaohui Zou ◽  
Zheng Zou ◽  
Changyi Li ◽  
Xiaoxi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plaque Biofilm

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial effect of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm model in vitro. The selection of photosensitizers is the key step for the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, no studies have been conducted in the oral field to compare the functional characteristics and application effects of PDT mediated by various photosensitizers. In this research, the antibacterial effect of Methylene blue (MB)/650[Formula: see text]nm laser and Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)/532[Formula: see text]nm laser on S. mutans biofilm was compared under different energy densities to provide experimental reference for the clinical application of the two PDT. The yield of lactic acid was analyzed by Colony forming unit (CFU) and spectrophotometry, and the complete biofilm activity was measured by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) to evaluate the bactericidal effect on each group. Based on the results of CFU, the bacterial colonies formed by 30.4[Formula: see text]J/cm2 532[Formula: see text]nm MB-aPDT group and 30.4[Formula: see text]J/cm2 532[Formula: see text]nm HMME-aPDT group were significantly less than those in other groups, and the bacterial colonies in HMME-aPDT group were less than those in HMME-aPDT group. Lactic acid production in all treatment groups except the photosensitizer group was statistically lower than that in the normal saline control group. The activity of bacterial plaque biofilm was significantly decreased in the two groups treated with 30.4[Formula: see text]J/cm2 aPDT. Therefore, aPDT suitable for energy measurement can kill S. mutans plaque biofilm, and MB-aPDT is better than HMME-aPDT.

scholarly journals Effectivity of Jatropha multifida L. Leaves Extract as Antibacterial on Streptococcus mutans using In Vitro Testing Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421
Author(s):  
Listyaning Kartiko Kinasih ◽  
Idamawati Nababan ◽  
Suci Erawati ◽  
Rouli Natasia M Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Jatropha Multifida

Intoduction: Health is the condition of the entire body and body parts of an individual who is free from disease both physically, mentally and socially, thus enabling the individual to be able to carry out daily activities more productively. However, many people neglect their own health, especially in the field of dental and oral health. Caries is one of the most common oral and dental problems. The prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia is high, namely 88.8%. Dental caries is caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria which plays a role in the conversion of sucrose to lactic acid. Infection due to Streptococcus mutans bacteria can be treated by taking antibiotics. Apart from drugs, antibiotics can also be obtained from natural ingredients, one of which is the tintir castor plant (Jatropha multifida Linn) or commonly known as the betadine. Objective: To see the effect of the antibacterial content of tintir leaves against Streptococcus mutans bacteria and to determine the differences in the antibacterial effect of betadine leaf extract (Jatropha multifida L.) from a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: The type of research used in this study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test-only control group design as the research design and to test the sensitivity of bacteria using the paper disc diffusion test. Data analysis using One-Way ANOVA. Result: The results of this study indicate the effect of tintir castor leaf extract (Jatropha multifida L.) in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

scholarly journals Synergistic/Antagonistic Potential of Natural Preparations Based on Essential Oils Against Streptococcus mutans from the Oral Cavity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Tiberiu Alexa ◽  
Atena Galuscan ◽  
Iuliana Popescu ◽  
Emil Tirziu ◽  
Diana Obistioiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Chemical Products

The present paper addresses a thematic of interest in preventive dental medicine, namely the possibility of using essential oils (EOs) for the inhibition of the development of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in the oral cavity, as a viable alternative to chemical products with protective role in oral health. For this purpose, four EOs (cinnamon, clove, bergamote, and orange) were chemically characterized by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and in vitro tested against S. mutans (ATCC 25175). The results obtained revealed the antibacterial effect on S. mutans exercised by the essential oils of clove (CLEO), bergamote (BEO), and orange (OEO), which were included in the production of natural emulsion-type preparations with application in dental medicine. In order to highlight the synersistic/antagonistic effects generated by the chemical constituent of essential oils, binary and tertiary emulsions were prepared and used in saliva-enhanced medium against S. mutans. The saliva tests proved the synergistic effect exercised by the active components of EOs tested from tertiary emulsions, which cause an inhibition of the development of S. mutans in oral cavities.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of anti-Streptococcus Mutans Phage as a Possible Treatment Agent for Caries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadar Ben Zaken ◽  
Reut Kraitman ◽  
Shunit Coppenhagen-Glazer ◽  
Leron Khalifa ◽  
Sivan Alkalay-Oren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Streptococcus mutans is a key bacterium in dental caries- one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases. Conventional treatment both fails to specifically target the pathogenic bacteria and at-tempts to eradicate commensal bacteria as well. Thus, caries remains one of most common and challenging diseases. The use of bacterial viruses as anti-bacterial agents, is gaining interest worldwide. Hardly any phages were described against S. mutans. The objective of this study was to isolate anti-S. mutans phages and to characterize their antimi-crobial properties. Human saliva samples were filtered and screened for potential phages. Standard double-layered agar method was used for isolation. Whole genome sequence analysis and morphology visualization by TEM, were used for anti-S. mutans phage identification. Antibacterial properties were evaluated using clinical strains and ATCC strains of S. mutans in various states. Antibacterial effect was also tested on human cariogenic dentin. One phage against S. mutans was isolated and termed SMHBZ8. This phage showed effective lytic activity in vitro against both planktonic and biofilm S. mutans cultures. Moreover, the phage showed antibacterial effect when used on cariogenic dentin. The isolation and characterization of SMHBZ8 may be the first step in developing a potential phage therapy for dental caries.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Propolis and Aloe Vera, Xylitol, and Cpp-Acp Gels on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maryam Hajiahmadi ◽  
Jamshid Faghri ◽  
Zohre Salehi ◽  
Fariba Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel

Introduction. Early childhood caries is a kind of caries occurring in deciduous teeth. Bacteria are among the main factors. Antibacterial agents such as fluoride are used in both prevention and treatment, but their application in children faces limitations such as fluorosis. Therefore, novel methods of caries prevention among the children are mainly focused on the use of fluoride-free active ingredients. In this comparative study, antibacterial effects of gels containing propolis and aloe vera, fluoride, xylitol, and CPP-ACP were investigated. Methods. This is an in vitro study. By plate well technique, plates containing gels were created in the culture medium of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, and their antibacterial impacts were evaluated by measuring the inhibition zone after 24, 48, and 72 hours. Then, different concentrations of each gel were evaluated in the same way for the antibacterial properties. For each sample, this process was iterated 3 times, where the average was declared as the final number. The collected data were entered in SPSS 24. Results. In both bacteria, propolis gel and aloe vera had the highest zone of inhibition, followed by fluoride and xylitol in the second and third places, respectively. Different concentrations of gels are significantly different in terms of antimicrobial effect (P value ≤ 0/05). The antimicrobial effect of propolis and aloe vera gel was kept up to the concentration of 1 / 16 . As the bacterial and gel contact time is prolonged, the antibacterial effect of different gels increases, but the difference is not statistically significant (P value = 0.109). CPP-ACP gel had no antimicrobial effect at any concentration. Conclusion. Propolis and aloe vera gel had a greater antimicrobial effect than other gels, where such effect was observed in low concentrations. CPP-ACP gel had no antimicrobial properties.

OPTIMAL CONCENTRATION OF BASIL LEAF EXTRACT (Ocimum basilicum L.) IN INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus mutans IN VITRO

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Dwis Syahrul ◽  
◽  
Dwis Syahriel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inhibitory Power

Introduction: One of flora in the oral cavity is Streptococcus mutans as a cause of dental caries. Various ways can be done to suppress its growth, one of them by using mouthwash which is used contains a lot of chemicals, so an alternative is needed by using herbal ingredients, including basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves that contain essential oils, methyl eugenol, phenols, and flavonoids which are able to work as antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibition and optimal concentration of basil leaf extract on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Materials and method: The method used agar Kirby Bauer method with seven treatments of leaf extract with concentrations of 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, and methanol solution as control group. The culture medium used was Muller Hinton Blood Agar. Results and discussions: The Kruskall Wallis test showed a significant difference between treatment groups. Mann Whitney U-Test test, found that the control group, basil leaf extract concentrations of 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% were tested with concentrations of 3.5% and 4% had a significant difference. The test between groups of 3.5% and 4% basil leaf extract did not show a significant difference. Conclusion: this study was that in vitro basil leaf extract with a concentration of 3.5% and 4% had inhibitory power on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and basil leaf extract with a concentration of 3.5% optimally inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans in vitro

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Teripang Pasir terhadap Hambatan Pertumbuhan Shigella Dysentriae Secara In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
FERIZAL NEGERI SAMUDRA ◽  
RETNO BUDIARTI ◽  
IRMAWATI IRMAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Diarrhea Disease

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background</strong>; In Indonesia, most diarrhea disease in 1995 to 2001 are caused by Shigella spp. Shigella spp infection can cause various symptom dan complication. Generally, the treatment by using antibiotic can cause antibiotic resistance. Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) is an herb that known, available, and easy to consume by society and has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, further research to study the effect of Holoturia Scabra on <em>Shigella Dysentriae</em> growth in vitro is needed.</p><p><strong>Objectives</strong>: The goal of this research is demonstrate the effect of sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) to the growth of the <em>Shigella dysentriae</em> bacteria in vitro.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: The method in this research is Posttest Only Control Group. There are 6 groups, 4 types of and 2 control groups. The concentration of the treatment group is 100%,50%, 25%, and, 12.5% while for positive control tests using chloramphenicol and aquadest as a negative control.</p><p><strong>Result</strong>: The result showed there is an influence on the intake of sand cucumber to the growth of the Shigella dysenteriae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Sea cucumber (<em>Holoturia scabra</em>) inhibit the growth of <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em>.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em>, sea cucumber (<em>Holoturia scabra</em>), antibacterial</p>

scholarly journals THE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF KELAKAI LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC® 33277™

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Destri Khusnul Khotimah ◽  
I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus ◽  
Maharani Laillyza Apriasari
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Inhibitory Power

ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease that causes damage on periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The severity of periodontitis is caused by several types of bacterial species which one of them is Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria with a prevalence of 85% in oral cavity. The extract of kelakai leaf contained antibacterial in the form of flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, and steroid. Flavonoid consists of some chemical compounds which is one of them is quercetin. The level of quercetin in kelakai leaf is 503.56 mgQE/g. From some secondary metabolites, kelakai leaf has inhibitory power toward gram negative bacterial, Porphyromonas gingivalis. Objective: This research was intended to know the activity of inhibitory power of kelakai leaf toward Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. Method: This research was an experimental research consisted of 5 experimental groups that were group of kelakai leaf extract on the concentrations of 100 mh/ml, 75 mg/ml, 50mg/ml, and 25 mg/ml and the control group (0.2% chlorhexidine). Each treatment was done in 4 repetitions. The test of inhibitory power used diffusion method by measuring the inhibitory zone around the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Mueller Hinton Agar media. The data were analyzed by using One Way Anova 95% and then continued with LSD. Results: Based on the LSD test, it was known that the extract of Kelakai leaf had inhibitor power activity toward Porphyromonas gingivalis. The highest inhibitory zone was on the concentration of 100 mg/ml with inhibitory zone of 14.61 mm. Conclusion: The extract of kelakai leaf had inhibitory power activity toward Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro. Keywords: 0.2% chlorhexidine, Diffusion method, Inhibitory power, Stenochlaena palustris extract, Porphyromonas gingivalis.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY OF FLAVONOID FRACTION OF RAMANIA LEAF EXTRACT (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) AGAINST Porphyromonas gingivalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Lailatul Qomariyah ◽  
Fransiska Uli Arta Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Flavonoid Fraction

ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic periodontitis is a periodontal disease with 80% of all cases of periodontitis. The major causes are the accumulation of plaque and bacteria. The dominant bacteria in chronic periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Treatment of chronic periodontitis can be done by scaling and root planing and supporting therapy by using mouthwash such as Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% which is the gold standard in the treatment of periodontal disease. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% has disadvantages so that nowadays research on herbal plants is being done to find alternative medicines that are more effective. Ramania (Bouea machropylla Griffith) leaf contains flavonoids that have antibacterial properties. Objective: To analyze the antibacterial effectivity of the flavonoid fraction of Ramania leaf extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis that causes chronic periodontitis. Method: True experimental study and post-test with control group design consisting of 5 treatment groups, namely flavonoid fraction of ramania leaf extract with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% as a control positive and aquadest as a negative control. Each group was repeated 6 times. Antibacterial tests using the dilution method with inhibitory rates calculated using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and killing rates were calculated using a Colony Counter. Results: The average difference in absorbance values obtained inhibitory rates at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. One Way Anova Test showed a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0.05). The average number of colonies after 24 hours incubation showed the results of a kill rates in the concentration group of 0.3%, 0.5%, and positive control. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained at a concentration of 0.1% and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was obtained at 0.3% concentration.Keywords: Flavonoid Fraction, MBC, MIC, Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Ramania Leaf Extract.

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