scholarly journals The De-marketing Strategies as a Vital Resolve of Antibiotics Misuse Dilemma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Samydai ◽  
Mahmood Jasim AL-Samydai ◽  
Maha N. Abu Hajleh ◽  
Ihab Ali Qrimea ◽  
Abdul Azez Badir Alindawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
Potential Impact

Developing resistance to the currently available antimicrobial agents, particularly anti-Bacterial, is a worrying issue that rises highly worldwide. Communities, health workers, and government officials around the world are joining in, calling for overuse and misuse of antibiotics to stop. The phrase “de-marketing” indicates a strategy that drives to organize the form and the level of the current and future demand; not only that, but rationalizes it by organizations (profit, non-profit organizations as well as governments) specified to discourage and minimize activities of organizations about selling, distribution, using, and advertising… etc. It is to conduct an investigation of the potential impact of de-marketing in both controlling and minimizing the antibiotic misusage in Jordan. The essential purpose of the current analysis research is to manifest the contribution of the general demarketing strategy in influencing the attitude of consumers towards rationalization of taking antibiotics through regular medications, which is under the supervision and recommendations of professional doctors. In this article, we focused on those secondary resources derived from the published literature. Besides, we relied on the output of 450 consumers’ interactions and responses to our 19 questions distributed as a survey with consideration to the general ethics. The model of our study was designed based on the preliminary information collected from exploration study. The insight statistical analysis confirmed a attitude towards rationalization of taking antibiotics without doctor supervision (off prescription) that properly will raise the issue of antibiotics misuse along with its severe and dangerous side effects which will have a possible reduction of the undesirable and toxic effects after misusing the drugs. Moreover, this strategy would have a positive impact in lowering eco-toxicity of antibiotics misuse to words non-target aquatic organisms; plants or sediment and soil-inhabiting organisms. In conclusion, The problem of antibiotic resistance can be minimized only by concerted efforts of all members of society for ensuring the continued efficiency of antibiotics, the demarketing strategy shows a promising approach which could be used by any interested parties working to develop policies, strategies, interventions or campaigns to reduce antibiotic resistance.

Vaccines for aquaculture overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Khishov ◽  
◽  
Galina I. Burlakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Short Development Time ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Aquaculture production is a promising direction for the development of food production. Like traditional types of animal husbandry, it needs effective medicines for veterinary use, which would ensure not only the well-being of farmed aquatic organisms, but also increase the safety of the fish products and non-fish objects of fishing. The development of measures to control epizootic processes in aquatic organisms is impossible without the creation of new immunological preparations. The development and use of immunobiological drugs will reduce the use of antimicrobial agents. The corresponding set of pharmaceutical drugs was transferred from the traditional veterinary medicine, but due to the peculiarities of the biology of aquatic animals, their immunity and the characteristics of specific pathogens, this could not be done with biological products. The short development time in the aquaculture industry poses current challenges in the form of a lack of basic and applied research for relatively poorly understood groups of new pathogens. The immunological processes associated with the development and intensity of the immune response in aquatic organisms require a detailed study. For domestic aquaculture producers, the analysis and dissemination of the experience accumulated by mankind and the application of advanced developments in this area are even more relevant, since Russia is just beginning its path of intensifying aquaculture production. At the same time, it is clear that the prohibition of the use and monitoring of antimicrobial agents in food products and feed requires a change in the approach to the problem and will lead to the creation of new immunobiological drugs. The market for immunobiological preparations for aquaculture is the most promising for development. In the article, the authors provide data on the development and registration of vaccines for aquaculture in Europe, North and South America.

The Chemistry Of Antibiofilm Phytocompounds.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibyajit Lahiri ◽  
Moupriya Nag ◽  
Sayantani Garai ◽  
Rina Rani Ray
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Uses

: Phytocompounds are long known for their therapeutic uses due to their competence as antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activity of these bioactive compounds manifests their ability as an antibiofilm agent and is thereby proved to be competent to treat the wide spread of biofilm-associated chronic infections. Rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has made the treatment of these infections almost impossible by conventional antibiotic therapy, which forced in the switch over to the use of phytocompounds. The present overview deals with the classification of the huge array of phytocompounds according to their chemical nature, detection of their target pathogen, and elucidation of their mode of action.

scholarly journals The Role of Aquatic Ecosystems (River Tua, Portugal) as Reservoirs of Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonas spp.

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Sónia Gomes ◽  
Conceição Fernandes ◽  
Sandra Monteiro ◽  
Edna Cabecinha ◽  
Amílcar Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Resistance Rates

The inappropriate use of antibiotics, one of the causes of the high incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from aquatic ecosystems, represents a risk for aquatic organisms and the welfare of humans. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance rates among riverine Aeromonas spp., taken as representative of the autochthonous microbiota, to evaluate the level of antibacterial resistance in the Tua River (Douro basin). The prevalence and degree of antibiotic resistance was examined using motile aeromonads as a potential indicator of antimicrobial susceptibility for the aquatic environment. Water samples were collected from the middle sector of the river, which is most impacted area by several anthropogenic pressures. Water samples were plated on an Aeromonas-selective agar, with and without antibiotics. The activity of 19 antibiotics was studied against 30 isolates of Aeromonas spp. using the standard agar dilution susceptibility test. Antibiotic resistance rates were fosfomycin (FOS) 83.33%, nalidixic acid (NA) 60%, cefotaxime (CTX) 40%, gentamicin (CN) 26.67%, tobramycin (TOB) 26.67%, cotrimoxazole (SXT) 26.67%, chloramphenicol (C) 16.67%, and tetracycline (TE) 13.33%. Some of the nalidixic acid-resistant strains were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. Multiple resistance was also observed (83.33%). The environmental ubiquity, the natural susceptibility to antimicrobials and the zoonotic potential of Aeromonas spp. make them optimal candidates for studying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic environments may provide an ideal setting for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance because anthropogenic activities frequently impact them. The potential risk of multi- and pan-resistant bacteria transmission between animals and humans should be considered in a “One Health—One World” concept.

scholarly journals Improving the experience of facility-based delivery for vulnerable women through obstetric care navigation: a qualitative evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Austad ◽  
Michel Juarez ◽  
Hannah Shryer ◽  
Patricia L. Hibberd ◽  
Mari-Lynn Drainoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Global disparities in maternal mortality could be reduced by universal facility delivery. Yet, deficiencies in the quality of care prevent some mothers from seeking facility-based obstetric care. Obstetric care navigators (OCNs) are a new form of lay health workers that combine elements of continuous labor support and care navigation to promote obstetric referrals. Here we report qualitative results from the pilot OCN project implemented in Indigenous villages in the Guatemalan central highlands. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 mothers who received OCN accompaniment and 13 staff—namely physicians, nurses, and social workers—of the main public hospital in the pilot’s catchment area (Chimaltenango). Interviews queried OCN’s impact on patient and hospital staff experience and understanding of intended OCN roles. Audiorecorded interviews were transcribed, coded, and underwent content analysis. Results Maternal fear of surgical intervention, disrespectful and abusive treatment, and linguistic barriers were principal deterrents of care seeking. Physicians and nurses reported cultural barriers, opposition from family, and inadequate hospital resources as challenges to providing care to Indigenous mothers. Patient and hospital staff identified four valuable services offered by OCNs: emotional support, patient advocacy, facilitation of patient-provider communication, and care coordination. While patients and most physicians felt that OCNs had an overwhelmingly positive impact, nurses felt their effort would be better directed toward traditional nursing tasks. Conclusions Many barriers to maternity care exist for Indigenous mothers in Guatemala. OCNs can improve mothers’ experiences in public hospitals and reduce limitations faced by providers. However, broader buy-in from hospital staff—especially nurses—appears critical to program success. Future research should focus on measuring the impact of obstetric care navigation on key clinical outcomes (cesarean delivery) and mothers’ future care seeking behavior.

scholarly journals Potential impact of biocide adaptation on selection of antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Engy Elekhnawy ◽  
Fatma Sonbol ◽  
Ahmed Abdelaziz ◽  
Tarek Elbanna
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Biocidal Products ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Vital Factor ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacterial isolates has increased worldwide leading to treatment failures. Main body Many concerns are being raised about the usage of biocidal products (including disinfectants, antiseptics, and preservatives) as a vital factor that contributes to the risk of development of antimicrobial resistance which has many environmental and economic impacts. Conclusion Consequently, it is important to recognize the different types of currently used biocides, their mechanisms of action, and their potential impact to develop cross-resistance and co-resistance to various antibiotics. The use of biocides in medical or industrial purposes should be monitored and regulated. In addition, new agents with biocidal activity should be investigated from new sources like phytochemicals in order to decrease the emergence of resistance among bacterial isolates.

scholarly journals Impact of Feed Supplementation with Antimicrobial Agents on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens, Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus Counts, and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes and Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolates

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (20) ◽  
pp. 6566-6576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa S. Diarra ◽  
Fred G. Silversides ◽  
Fatoumata Diarrassouba ◽  
Jane Pritchard ◽  
Luke Masson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT The effects of feed supplementation with the approved antimicrobial agents bambermycin, penicillin, salinomycin, and bacitracin or a combination of salinomycin plus bacitracin were evaluated for the incidence and distribution of antibiotic resistance in 197 commensal Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens over 35 days. All isolates showed some degree of multiple antibiotic resistance. Resistance to tetracycline (68.5%), amoxicillin (61.4%), ceftiofur (51.3%), spectinomycin (47.2%), and sulfonamides (42%) was most frequent. The levels of resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin were 33.5, 35.5, and 25.3%, respectively. The overall resistance levels decreased from day 7 to day 35 (P < 0.001). Comparing treatments, the levels of resistance to ceftiofur, spectinomycin, and gentamicin (except for resistance to bacitracin treatment) were significantly higher in isolates from chickens receiving feed supplemented with salinomycin than from the other feeds (P < 0.001). Using a DNA microarray analysis capable of detecting commonly found antimicrobial resistance genes, we characterized 104 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates from 7- to 28-day-old chickens fed different growth promoters. Results showed a decrease in the incidence of isolates harboring tet(B), bla TEM, sulI, and aadA and class 1 integron from days 7 to 35 (P < 0.01). Of the 84 tetracycline-ceftiofur-resistant E. coli isolates, 76 (90.5%) were positive for bla CMY-2. The proportions of isolates positive for sulI, aadA, and integron class 1 were significantly higher in salinomycin-treated chickens than in the control or other treatment groups (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that multiantibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates can be found in broiler chickens regardless of the antimicrobial growth promoters used. However, the phenotype and the distribution of resistance determinants in E. coli can be modulated by feed supplementation with some of the antimicrobial agents used in broiler chicken production.

PENGARUH SOSIAL MEDIA TERHADAP BRAND AWARENESS AMARIS HOTEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Sofiani Sofiani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Impact

Social media has became one of the marketing strategies by most of the companies to deliver their brands, products and services to customer. Apart from the advantages of the use of social media for companies, it is becoming difficult for companies to raise awareness for their brand beause of the competition. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of social media on brand awareness of Amaris Hotel. The results of this research obtained from questionnaires that had been distributed to the respondents in Jakarta and processed with correlation method. The results shows that social media gives quite big and positive impact on building and estabilishing brand awareness of AYANA Amaris Hotel for 41,5%, and Instagram gives the biggest impact on brand awareness of Amaris Hotel. The level of brand awareness of Amaris Hotel has reached the highest level, Top of Mind level. Keywords: Social Media, Brand Awareness, Marketing, Amaris Hotel

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence ofPhotobacterium damselaeSubsp.damselaeStrain SSPD1601 Isolated from Deep-Sea Cage-CulturedSebastes schlegeliiwith Septic Skin Ulcer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxiang Yu ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Yingeng Wang ◽  
Meijie Liao ◽  
Xiaojun Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Skin Ulcer ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Photobacterium Damselae ◽  
Sea Cage

Photobacterium damselaesubsp.damselae(PDD) is a Gram-negative bacterium that can infect a variety of aquatic organisms and humans. Based on an epidemiological investigation conducted over the past 3 years, PDD is one of the most important pathogens causing septic skin ulcer in deep-sea cage-culturedSebastes schlegeliiin the Huang-Bohai Sea area and present throughout the year with high abundance. To further understand the pathogenicity of this species, the pathogenic properties and genome of PDD strain SSPD1601 were analyzed. The results revealed that PDD strain SSPD1601 is a rod-shaped cell with a single polar flagellum, and the clinical symptoms were replicated during artificial infection. The SSPD1601 genome consists of two chromosomes and two plasmids, totaling 4,252,294 bp with 3,751 coding sequences (CDSs), 196 tRNA genes, and 47 rRNA genes. Common virulence factors including flagellin,Fur,RstB,hcpA, OMPs,htpB-Hsp60,VasK, andvgrGwere found in strain SSPD1601. Furthermore, SSPD1601 is a pPHDD1-negative strain containing the hemolysin genehlyAchand three putative hemolysins (emrA, yoaF, and VPA0226), which are likely responsible for the pathogenicity of SSPD1601. The phylogenetic analysis revealed SSPD1601 to be most closely related to Phdp Wu-1. In addition, the antibiotic resistance phenotype indicated that SSPD1601 was not sensitive to ceftazidime, pipemidic, streptomycin, cefalexin, bacitracin, cefoperazone sodium, acetylspiramycin, clarithromycin, amikacin, gentamycin, kanamycin, oxacillin, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but only the bacitracin resistance genebacAwas detected based on Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database. These results expand our understanding of PDD, setting the stage for further studies of its pathogenesis and disease prevention.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of enterobacteria isolated from wild grey-breasted parakeets (Pyrrhura griseipectus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Jackson F. Beleza ◽  
William Cardoso Maciel ◽  
Arianne S. Carreira ◽  
Adson R. Marques ◽  
Fabio P. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Hafnia Alvei ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile

ABSTRACT: The grey-breasted parakeet (Pyrrhura griseipectus) is an endangered psittacine species that have been affected by illegal trade and deforestation. Currently, this endemic species is only found in three areas in Ceará state, in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and diversity of Enterobacteriaceae in wild adult grey-breasted parakeets and determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Cloacal swab samples were collected from 27 individuals and environmental swabs (drag swabs) from five nests used by these birds. Twenty-seven strains from nine species of Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from cloacal swabs, and the most prevalent bacteria strains were Hafnia alvei (22%) and Pantoea agglomerans (22%). From environmental nest samples, seven strains from three bacterial species were isolated, being the P. agglomerans the most frequent species (100%). Twenty-two of the 27 isolates (81.4%) exhibited antibiotic resistance, varying from one to eight of the 12 antimicrobials commonly used. Resistance to amoxicillin was the most prevalent (70.4%), followed by azithromycin (22.2%) and ceftriaxone (18.5%). None of the strains were resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin or tetracycline. The H. alvei was the main species presenting multidrug resistance, including resistance against meropenem, which is an important finding. These results could provide interesting information on the health of these endangered wild grey-breasted parakeets. They could also indicate that the obtained isolates are part of a group of bacteria that are typical components of the enteric microbiota of birds, which present elevated rates of resistance to amoxicillin.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Bacteria Isolated from Trypauchen Vagina Fish that Infected with Protozoan from Iraq Marine Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Al-Shammari
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria

Opportunistic bacteria are microorganisms that have been isolated from a host suffering from stress as a result of parasitic infestation. In this study, two bacterial species, namely Aeromonas hydrophila and Rhizobium radiobacter, were isolated from Trypauchen vagina fish that were infected with Microsporidian parasite cysts from Iraqi marine waters. The infection were mass implanted in the internal and external skeletal muscles and under the gill cover. Many symptoms of bacterial infection were observed in the fish, including flatulence with haemorrhagic fluids, skin disscolouration blackening, separation of crusts, and deformities in the area. The two bacterial species were characterised morphologically and identified using Vitek II system (Biomerieux - USA). To control infection, antibiotic susceptibility was performed using six antibiotics: nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline and amoxicillin, both bacteria showed high antibiotic resistance. Identification of opportunistic bacteria has a pivotal role in preventing stress factors in fish, treating infections and alleviating their impact on other aquatic organisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document