EXPERIMENTAL SELECTION OF ELECTRIC SPARK TREATMENT FOR ELECTRODES OBTAINED BY VARIOUS METHODS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (144) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Il’ya V. Romanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Bronze Powder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Selection Of

Electric spark surface treatment is widely used in repair production. Its high versatility is ensured by a wide range of electrical modes and the possibility of using all conductive materials as electrodes. The selection of optimal electrical modes of the electric spark processing installation is important for obtaining high-quality coatings when using a specific electrode. This problem is especially acute for new electrode materials obtained from machine-building waste, since such electrodes are still poorly studied. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in experimentally selecting optimal modes of electric spark processing of steel parts for each of the electrodes under consideration for using the obtained data in further research. (Materials and methods) The article presents electrodes made of bronze grade BrAZh9-4 according to GOST 18175-78 and from secondary bronze powder. The coatings were applied using the Vestron AI-007 electric spark treatment unit on steel samples. The analytical scales Acculab ALC-210d4 and the micrometer MG H25 GOST 6507-90 were used. (Results and discussion) All coatings were applied to samples with an equal area in three layers under different processing modes. The increase in the thickness and mass of the electrode material on the sample surface was measured. The article presents formulas and graphs based on the results of the work. (Conclusions) For each electrode, the optimal mode of electric spark processing was chosen, which would further help to compare the electrodes by the quality of the coating formed. The performance characteristics of sintered secondary bronze powder, almost similar to the characteristics of standard materials, prove the feasibility of obtaining such powders by the energy-efficient method described above.

scholarly journals Selection of electric spark processing modes for electrodes from sintered bronze

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
I.V. Romanov ◽  
◽  
R.N. Zadorozhny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Bronze Powder ◽  
Electrospark Machining ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Sintered Bronze ◽  
Electrospark Treatment

The method of electrospark machining has proven itself well in the technology of repair and restoration of parts. The operational properties of coatings obtained by this method depend on the microstructure, chemical and phase composition of the electrode materials. A significant improvement in operational properties, for example, wear resistance, is achieved by the formation of nanostructured coatings using electrodes with a certain content of alloying nanomaterials. It is possible to obtain such materials at the lowest cost by electro-erosion dispersion of machine-building waste. This article discusses the electrodes obtained by sintering bronze powder obtained by the method of electroerosive dispersion. Such materials are new for the process of electrospark machining; therefore, it is important to study and select the optimal application modes, since a qualitative characteristic of the process is the indicator of the transfer of the electrode material to the part, which depends on the processing modes and installation parameters. The aim of the study is to select the modes of the installation for electrospark treatment for optimal deposition of the material, as well as to study the degree of coating increment during electrospark treatment. Coating was carried out using an installation for electrospark treatment mod. «Westron» type AI-007, electrode material was obtained by the technology of spark plasma sintering of bronze powder, surfacing was carried out on steel samples 14 × 14 × 40 mm in size, the work also used an Acculab ALC-210d4 analytical balance and an MG micrometer Н25 GOST 6507-90. All coatings were applied to samples with an equal area in three layers under different processing conditions. After that, the increment in the thickness and mass of the electrode material on the sample surface was measured. Based on the results of the work, formulas were obtained and graphs were built. The most optimal mode of coating with an electrode made of sintered bronze obtained from machine-building waste by the method of electroerosive dispersion was determined, which proves the consistency of this method of obtaining electrode materials.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

CURRENT BEST PRACTICES AND BIOBANKING RECOMMENDATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. V. Doludin ◽  
A. L. Borisova ◽  
M. S. Pokrovskaya ◽  
O. V. Stefanyuk ◽  
O. V. Sivakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Preanalytical Phase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Selection Of

The biobank is a structure established with the goal of long-term responsible storage of biological samples and the associated data for their further use in scientific and clinical research. The objectives of biobanking are the creation of unified recommendations on: the planning of premises and the selection of equipment for storage; development of management methods and staff training; standardization of methods for the collection, shipping, processing and storage of biomaterial of various origins, as well as methods for quality control and validation of the applied methods; creation and use of databases of information accompanying biospecimens. The lack of common standards for conducting the preanalytical phase has been the cause of low accuracy and poor reproducibility of research results. To date, a large number of guidelines and best practices have been published that provide an answer to a wide range of problems in organizing the biobanking process. The article provides an overview of the most famous biobanking guidelines that can be used to solve various research problems. Biobanking in Russia is actively developing. Since 1996 there is a work on the legislative regulation of biobanking activities, as a result of which a number of regulatory documents have been issued. An important stage in the development of biobanking in Russia was the establishment of the “National Association of Biobanks and Biobanking Specialists” (NASBio) in 2018, which included representatives of medical and research institutions, commercial firms, and qualified specialists in the field of biobanking. One of the key tasks of NASBio is the adaptation and implementation of the best biobanking practices in Russian research institutes and centers. The use of modern guidelines and best practices on biobanking will lead to an increase in the quality of research and publications.

scholarly journals Quality of Human Resources in Europe Measured by Selected Indicators of Human Potential

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Slavomir Bucher
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection Of

The paper deals with regional differentiation of human resources and its determinants identified by selected indicators of human potential. The selection of correct and relevant indicators has a key role in the identification and measurement of human potential. The aim of the study is to outline causal and determinant relationship (the relation and the level of dependence) in the spatial differentiation of human resources in Europe and approaches to their interpretation. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the link between human potential and quality or inequality of life and its effect on population from a demographic viewpoint. Methods of correlation and regression analyses were applied. A wide range of the most important and most often used human potential assessment indicators based on a basic systemic classification of human potential will also be presented. Although the first glance the quality of human resources situation in Europe might seem relatively compact, deeper analysis showed that there are quite significant regional differences. Our results show that set of specific condition a constant or moderately growing human capital may aggravate the consequences of population ageing rather than alleviate them. The important results of this study include recognition of the existence of several easily manageable methods and ways of measuring demographic and/or socio-economic solutions to the challenges posed by quality of human resources in Europe.

SOVIET TANK INDUSTRY OF PERIOD OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: TECHNICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS OF ACTIVITY AND FIGHTING FOR THEIR OVERCOMING

2018 ◽  
pp. 298-310
Author(s):  
Vasiliy V. Zapary
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Performance Technology ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Military

Introduction. The paper considers the effect of key issues of the development of the military industry of the USSR in the pre-war and military period, which had a determining effect on the quality of tanks being created in the country. The main trends in the development of tank building in the context of industrial modernization in the 1930s-1940s are revealed. Materials and Methods. The work was carried out on the basis of a wide range of sources, mostly of a monographic nature, reflecting modern historiographic approaches to the topic under study. As the main methodological treatment is the modernization theory in combination with the system approach. Results. The author argues that the result of the accelerated modernization of the Soviet Union in the 1930s became the creation of a qualitatively heterogeneous industrial potential. Implementation of high-performance technologies of the flow-conveyor production of the “Fordist” type in the tractor building and automobile industry made it possible to use labor of low-skilled labor everywhere. The complex of these restrictions had a decisive influence on the choice of approaches to the design and production of tanks by Soviet constructors and production managers. Discussion. The work provides a brief retrospective review of the main trends in the development of the Soviet tank industry in the pre-war period, in the context of the overall social and technological modernization of the country. The significance of the factor of international cooperation and trade ties with the capitalist countries in the formation of the scientific and technical potential of the tank-building industry in the pre-war period is revealed. The factors of uneven development and qualitative potential of the Soviet machine building, created during the first five-year plans, are revealed. Conclusions. Before the Great Patriotic War, the secular tank industry could not fully solve the problem of the quality of its products. The outbreak of the war led to the evacuation, a partial loss of valuable stuff and equipment. In the eastern regions of the USSR, the military-political leadership of the country managed to recreate the tank industry through rigid mobilization methods of managing and concentrating evacuated resources. The lack of specialists forced the wide use of high-performance technology of flow-conveyor assembly in combination with the maximum simplification of the design of tanks. But this dramatically worsened their combat potential. The limited combat capabilities of such tanks had to be compensated for by their massive use.

scholarly journals Effect of SLM Process Parameters on the Quality of Al Alloy Parts; Part II: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. Maamoun ◽  
Yi F. Xue ◽  
Mohamed A. Elbestawi ◽  
Stephen C. Veldhuis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Powder Characteristics ◽  
High Strength Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Selection Of

Additive manufacturing (AM) provides customization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of components. Selective laser melting (SLM) is the commonly used technique for processing high strength Aluminum alloys. Selection of SLM process parameters could control the microstructure of fabricated parts and their mechanical properties. However, process parameter limits and defects inside the as-built parts present obstacles to customized part production. This study is the second part of a comprehensive work that investigates the influence of SLM process parameters on the quality of as-built Al6061 and AlSi10Mg parts. The microstructure of both materials was characterized for different parts processed over a wide range of SLM process parameters. The optimized SLM parameters were investigated to eliminate the internal microstructure defects. Mechanical properties of the parts were illustrated by regression models generated with design of experiment (DOE) analysis. The results reported in this study were compared to previous studies, illustrating how the process parameters and powder characteristics could affect the quality of produced parts.

Artificial intelligence in the modeling of chemical reactions kinetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Staszak
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Fast Evolution ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe work presents a selection of recent papers in the field of modeling chemical kinetics by the use of artificial intelligence methods. Due to the fact that kinetics of the chemical reaction is the key element of industrial reactor design and analysis, the work is focused on the presentation of the quality of modeling, the assembly of neural network systems and methods of training required to achieve acceptable results. The work covers a wide range of classes of chemical processes and modeling approaches presented by several authors. Because of the fact that the methods of neural networks training require huge amounts of data, many approaches proposed are intrinsically based on classical kinetics modeling like Monte Carlo methods, quantum ab initio models or classical Arrhenius-like approaches using mass balance rate equations. The work does not fully exhaust the area of artificial intelligence because of its very broad scope and very fast evolution, which has been greatly accelerated recently. However, it is a contribution to describing the current state of science in this field.

scholarly journals Printed Graphene Layer as a Base for Cell Electrostimulation—Preliminary Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7865
Author(s):  
Lucja Dybowska-Sarapuk ◽  
Weronika Sosnowicz ◽  
Jakub Krzeminski ◽  
Anna Grzeczkowicz ◽  
Ludomira H. Granicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
High Conductivity ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Conductive Substrate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection Of

Nerve regeneration through cell electrostimulation will become a key finding in regenerative medicine. The procedure will provide a wide range of applications, especially in body reconstruction, artificial organs or nerve prostheses. Other than in the case of the conventional polystyrene substrates, the application of the current flow in the cell substrate stimulates the cell growth and mobility, supports the synaptogenesis, and increases the average length of neuron nerve fibres. The indirect electrical cell stimulation requires a non-toxic, highly electrically conductive substrate material enabling a precise and effective cell electrostimulation. The process can be successfully performed with the use of the graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)—the structures of high conductivity and biocompatible with mammalian NE-4C neural stem cells used in the study. One of the complications with the production of inks using GNPs is their agglomeration, which significantly hampers the quality of the produced coatings. Therefore, the selection of the proper amount of the surfactant is paramount to achieve a high-quality substrate. The article presents the results of the research into the material manufacturing used in the cell electrostimulation. The outcomes allow for the establishment of the proper amount of the surfactant to achieve both high conductivity and quality of the coating, which could be used not only in electronics, but also—due to its biocompatibility—fruitfully applied to the cell electrostimulation.

State and development directions of systems and methods for electrode metal transfer, joint and surfacing layer formation control during electric arc mechanized and automatic welding—surfacing

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
V.A. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Formation Control ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Automatic Welding ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Electrode Metal ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Perfect Element

The problems that are associated with solving the problems of energy saving, improving in the quality of welded seams and deposited layers in mechanized arc welding and surfacing processes are considered. Shown is wide range of technical and technological methods, influences, techniques that allow to greater or lesser extent to solve these problems with the use of basic and additional hardware, and with the use of new electrode materials, protective media and activating materials. Particular attention is paid to equipment using pulse algorithms of functioning, as well as combined systems of influence on the arc process, which will allow covering wider range of effect on the formation of welded seams and deposited layers. Some of the technical and technological solutions require further researches in terms of specific tasks of welding and surfacing production, as well as the choice of affordable and perfect element base and material resources.

scholarly journals Identifying the Most Significant Indicators of the Total Road Safety Performance Index- Case Study: European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Tešić ◽  
Elke Hermans ◽  
Krsto Lipovac ◽  
Dalibor Pešić
Keyword(s):  
Performance Index ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection Of

The review of the national and international literature dealing with the assessment of the road safety level has shown great efforts of the authors who aimed to define the methodology for calculating the composite road safety index on a territory (region, state, etc.). The procedure for obtaining a road safety composite index of an area has been largely harmonized. The question that has not been fully resolved yet concerns the selection of indicators. There is a wide range of road safety indicators used to show the road safety situation in a territory. The road safety performance index (RSPI) obtained on the basis of a larger number of safety performance indicators (SPIs) enables decision makers to more precisely define earlier goal- oriented actions. Recording a broader comprehensive set of SPIs helps identify the strengths and weaknesses of an area’s road safety system. Therefore, there is a need for calculating a road safety performance index with a limited number of indicators (RSPIlnn) which will provide a comparison of sufficient quality, of as many countries as possible. The application of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and correlation analysis has helped to check if the RSPIlnn is likely to be of sufficient quality. A strong correlation between the RSPIlnn and the RSPI based on all indicators has been identified using the proposed methodology. This will help achieve the standardization of indicators including data collection procedures and selection of the key list of indicators that need to be monitored.

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