scholarly journals Metaphor as the refection of culture determined cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-925
Author(s):  
Lyubov A. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
Short Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Cognition And Culture ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
Culture And Language

The article belongs to the cognitive dimension of contemporary cognitive linguistics based on the idea that the processes of the world conceptualization take place in the context of a certain culture and language imparting culturally determined character to our cognition. The ethnocultural specificity of cognition has various forms of manifestation in language, the most explicit of which is metaphor because the very nature of our thinking is metaphorical and reflects the correspondence with experience which is also culture-specific. The study aims to investigate how culturally determined cognition finds its manifestation in metaphor. The main goal of the article is to point out and characterize the forms of manifestation of ethnocultural specificity of metaphor in the text. The analysis is based on a corpus of 860 metaphorical expressions obtained from 34 English-language fiction texts. The main methods of analysis are conceptual, comparative-culturological and contextual analyses. The introduction contains a short survey of theoretical works related to the interaction of language, cognition and culture and describes the way methods are applied. In the second part the author analyses the interrelations between three branches of linguistics: ethnolinguistics, linguoculturology, and cultural linguistics united on the basis of their interest in the study of language in the cultural aspect. The main body of the article presents the analysis of metaphor in the aspect of culture specific cognition which results in the identification of three forms of representing the culturally determined cognition in metaphor: 1) the degree of metaphorical density of the text and the manner of metaphorical representation from the perspective of explicitness/implicitness; 2) the specificity of conceptual spheres which serve as the source of metaphors; 3) the choice of objects of metaphorical description determined by the sociocultural conventions of a linguocultural society. By way of conclusion, the author outlines the prospects of metaphor studies in the aspect of culture specific cognition.

Cultural conceptualizations of gender and homosexuality in BrE, IndE, and NigE

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Finzel ◽  
Hans-Georg Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
British English ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

Abstract With the spread of English in many parts of the world, numerous local varieties have emerged, shaped by the sociocultural contexts in which they are embedded. Hence, although English is a unifying element, these varieties express different conceptualizations that are deeply rooted in culture. For the most part, these conceptualizations come in the form of conceptual metaphors, which not only influence our perception of the world (Lakoff & Johnson 1980), but also reveal cultural specifics of a particular society. One of the latest approaches in the field of conceptual metaphor research suggests that conceptual metaphors are actually multimodal, i.e., that they are expressed not only in language, but also, e.g., in gestures, facial expressions, sounds or images (Forceville 2009). Films are an ideal source of data for such multimodal metaphors. In the form of a pilot study, this paper applies this novel approach to metaphor to the field of World Englishes. While adding to the range of research that has already used the methodological toolbox of Cognitive Linguistics or its cognate discipline Cultural Linguistics in the investigation of the cultural dimension of varieties of English (e.g., Kövecses 1995; Liu 2002; Malcolm & Rochecouste 2000; Sharifian 2006; Wolf 2001; Wolf & Polzenhagen 2009), we provide a new exploratory angle to that investigation by using cinematic material for the analysis. Specifically, this study focuses on conceptualizations pertaining to the target domains woman and homosexuality. The data we have selected are from Great Britain, India and Nigeria, because these countries have important film industries, and British English, Indian English and Nigerian English constitute culturally distinct varieties.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE ASPECT OF ANALYSIS OF MODERN ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Елена Юрьевна Белозёрова
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Cognitive Aspect ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
The World ◽  
Derivatives Of

Введение. Проведен анализ 475 современных фразеологических единиц, которые способствуют формированию фразеологической картины мира. Рассматривается взаимосвязь семантики и формы фразеологических единиц, обусловленной ситуацией общения. Фразеология языка как часть языковой картины мира входит в рамки исследования когнитивной лингвистики. Цель статьи – выявить и описать современные фразеологические единицы как пример иносказательного выражения в процессе коммуникации для достижения определенных когнитивных целей. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили современные художественные тексты (Under My Skin, The Door That Led To Where, End Game, Liccle Bit, The Art of Being Normal, 2015 г.). Примеры были получены при прочтении художественной прозы современных британских авторов (J. Dawson, S. Gardner, A. Gibbons, A. Wheatle, L. Williamson) методом сплошной выборки. Результаты и обсуждение. Проведенный анализ позволил рассмотреть когнитивный аспект фразеологических единиц. Установлено, что широкий подход к изучению фразеологии расширяет границы фразеологического учения и позволяет рассмотреть больше структурно-семантических форм фразеологических единиц. Рассмотрены и проанализированы следующие современные фразеологические единицы: фразеологизмы, дериваты фразеологизмов и авторские образования. Семантические особенности дериватов фразеологизмов и авторских образований анализируются в рамках современной фразеологии английского языка. Показано, что структурная сложность фразеологизма основывается на когнитивном аспекте его семантической структуры. Заключение. Проведенный анализ позволил выявить структурный диапазон фразеологизмов и рассмотреть их преобразовательные процессы согласно семантики и ситуативного употребления. Исследование показывает, что модификация фразеологических структур и введение в употребление новых оборотов идиоматического характера (дериватов фразеологизмов и авторских образований) обусловлены лингвокультурными потребностями в выражении социума. Все анализируемые современные фразеологические единицы английского языка рассматриваются как оперативные единицы мышления настоящего времени и являются средством отражения языковой картины в целом. Языковая картина мира представляется отражением внешнего и внутреннего мира человека, его мышлением и речью. Современная фразеология английского языка отражает изменения человеческого осмысления, понимания и интерпретации внешнего мира. Фразеологическая единица имеет сложную структуру и относится к особой лингвистической категории, что обусловливает повышение интереса когнитивного исследования. Таким образом, изучение фразеологии на настоящем этапе следует фокусировать на соотношении: фразеологическая единица – значение – употребление. Introduction. The given analysis is about 475 modern phraseological units that contribute to the formation of the phraseological picture of the world. The study examines the relationship of semantics and the form of phraseological units, due to the situation of communication. The phraseology of a language as part of the linguistic picture of the world is included in the framework of the study of cognitive linguistics. Aim. This study is aimed at identifying and describing modern phraseological units, as an example of allegorical expression in the communication process to achieve certain cognitive goals. Material and methods. The presented empirical material in the article is an actual selection from a modern literary text (Under My Skin, The Door That Led To Where, End Game, Liccle Bit, The Art of Being Normal – 2015 publication). Examples were obtained by reading fiction of modern British authors (J. Dawson, S. Gardner, A. Gibbons, A. Wheatle, L. Williamson), by the method of continuous sampling. Results and discussion. The analysis allowed us to consider the cognitive aspect of phraseological units. It is established that a broad approach to the study of phraseology expands the boundaries of phraseological doctrine and allows you to consider more structural and semantic forms of phraseological units. The following modern phraseological units are considered and analyzed in the article: phraseological units, phraseological units derivatives and author formations. The semantic features of derivatives of phraseological units and copyright formations are analyzed in the framework of modern phraseology of the English language. It is shown that the structural complexity of phraseology is based on the cognitive aspect of its semantic structure. Conclusion. The analysis made it possible to identify the structural range of phraseological units and consider their transformative processes according to semantics and situational use. The study shows that the modification of phraseological structures and the introduction of new idiomatic phrases (derivatives of phraseological units and author’s idiomatic expressions) are due to linguistic and cultural needs in the expression of society. All analyzed modern phraseological units of the English language are considered as operational units of thinking of the present time and are a means of reflecting the linguistic picture as a whole. The linguistic picture of the world is a reflection of the external and internal world of a person, his thinking and speech. The modern phraseology of the English language reflects changes in human comprehension, understanding and interpretation of the outside world. The phraseological unit has a complex structure and belongs to a special linguistic category, which leads to an increase in the interest of cognitive research. Thus, the study of phraseology at this stage should be focused on the phraseological unit, its meaning and its usage.

scholarly journals EXPLORING THE CULTURAL COGNITION AND THE CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR OF MARRIAGE IN INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Joko Kusmanto
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Cultural Cognition ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Cultural Cognitions ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
Culture And Language

This paper explores what cultural cognition of ‘marriage’ is metaphorically conceptualized in Indonesian expressions. This paper has two questions. Firstly, what cultural cognitions of ‘marriage’ are encoded in the use of metaphorical expressions in Indonesian? Secondly, how such cultural cognition of ‘marriage’ is metaphorically conceptualized in Indonesian expressions? The analysis and discussion of this exploration basically follow (i) the principles of embodiment in Cognitive Linguistics and (ii) the logic of cultural conceptualization in Cultural Linguistics. Both serve as the primary bases to analyze the problem of the study. The paper is expected to contribute to the present linguistic study in two-fold benefits. Firstly, it presents the discussion of the cultural cognitions of marriage represented in Indonesian metaphorical expressions. Secondly, it discusses the methodological issues of (i) how to understand the relation between culture and language and (ii) how to uncover any cultural representations in linguistic metaphors.

scholarly journals NOMINATIVE FIELD OF THE CONCEPT MARRIAGE AND ANALYSIS OF THE SYNONYMOUS RANGE OF ITS KEY UNIT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Nadiya Ivanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Dictionary Definitions

The research focuses on the study of the actualization of the concept MARRIAGE in the context of the linguocognitive and linguocultural paradigm. The article analyzes the means of modeling the concept MARRIAGE in the British language picture of the world, its content, structure and cognitive interpretation. The concept-cognitive MARRIAGE is considered in the direction of anthropocentrism with consideration of modern achievements of cognitive linguistics, and also the place of this concept in construction of the British national picture of the world is defined. In the English language tradition, this social phenomenon is expressed through the lexical-semantic field of the concept MARRIAGE. The composition of other basic concepts of linguistic consciousness largely depends on the concept MARRIAGE. The article presents the results of etymological analysis. It plays a big role in determining the typology of culture and the need for this analysis helps to establish the source of origin of the conceptualizer. The analysis of dictionary definitions made it possible to investigate all the meanings of lexical units of the outlined nominative field. This allowed us to understand the nature and types of semantic structure of words that belong to different semantic groups and semasiological subclasses, as well as to look at the epidemiological relations of the key. In order to describe the complex structure of the organization of a multi-valued keyword, the notion of lexical-semantic variant is used. Basic characteristics of the concept MARRIAGE are possible to be found in the dictionary definitions and the complex structure of the concept is defined as a field structure, that is: denotative central content with semantic nucleus, peripherality and connotative surrounding.

scholarly journals ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF LATIN AND FRENCH ORIGIN: COMPONENT “WILDLIFE”

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(77)) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Dmytro Bihunov ◽  
Svitozara Bihunova ◽  
Kateryna Tretiakova
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Borrowings enrich the English language during the whole history of its development and the extent of borrowings in the lexico-graphic stock of the language is rather big. In its turn, the English phraseological stock is characterised by the great number of Romance elements due to the certain historical conditions of the development of Great Britain. But despite the fact that phraseological units are highly informative units which keep the knowledge and experience of different nations, the problem of the borrowed phraseological units remains an unstudied sphere within the cognitive linguistics. As the problem of the phraseological borrowing has not been examined properly in the linguistic literature, the article deals with English phraseological units of Latin and French origin with component “wildlife”. The authors have singled out English phraseological units with wildlife components. Then the etymological investigation of the borrowed phraseological units has been conducted. Also an attempt has been made to analyze the inner form of the wildlife component in English phraseological units of Latin and French origin. It has been noticed that they contain the human knowledge of the world and the role of people in it. Besides, the similarity of the images and associations, connected with the investigated wildlife component, is caused by rather identical cognition of the world around – the world of nature.

scholarly journals Ethnolinguistic significance of comparing human character with nature in Kazakh and English

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Zh. Eskazinova ◽  
◽  
G. Smagulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
The People ◽  
Geographic Environment ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
Historical Life ◽  
Culture And Language

Main problem: It is well known that the development of language in society, the development of speech, the formation of personality largely depends on the interaction of people. Therefore, they develop depending on the specifics of each nation and are one of the values that people have accumulated over the centuries. Comparison of human behavior with nature in English and Kazakh languages describes the spiritual life of each nation. It defines the national feelings, national behavior, national customs and traditions. Purpose: Comparative analysis of the values of the Kazakh and English peoples occupies a special place in the culture and language, the essence and content of which are indelible. This is a fount of cultural and historical life of the people, the spiritual value of the nation, such qualities as prudence and kindness. Methods: This article describes the ethnolinguistic foundations for comparing human character and nature in English and Kazakh. In cultural linguistics and cognitive linguistics, the concept of behavior is studied as an image of the world formed in the consciousness of an ethnic group. Based on the definition of the concept of behavior, the authors describe the manifestations of behavior in the national consciousness, the system of national thinking, beliefs, attitudes. It is noted that the formation of the behavior of unrelated Kazakhs and Englishmen depends on their geographic environment, nomadic lifestyle and behavior. Results and their significance: The phraseological units of the two languages used in this study clearly to show the characteristics of each nation. It is shown that forecasting natural phenomena for both peoples is closely related to their life, economy, occupation and plays an important role in people's lives.

The Center for International Biomedical Communications Research

1966 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
A. Kent ◽  
P. J. Vinken
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
English Language ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
University Of Pittsburgh ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Excerpta Medica Foundation

A joint center has been established by the University of Pittsburgh and the Excerpta Medica Foundation. The basic objective of the Center is to seek ways in which the health sciences community may achieve increasingly convenient and economical access to scientific findings. The research center will make use of facilities and resources of both participating institutions. Cooperating from the University of Pittsburgh will be the School of Medicine, the Computation and Data Processing Center, and the Knowledge Availability Systems (KAS) Center. The KAS Center is an interdisciplinary organization engaging in research, operations, and teaching in the information sciences.Excerpta Medica Foundation, which is the largest international medical abstracting service in the world, with offices in Amsterdam, New York, London, Milan, Tokyo and Buenos Aires, will draw on its permanent medical staff of 54 specialists in charge of the 35 abstracting journals and other reference works prepared and published by the Foundation, the 700 eminent clinicians and researchers represented on its International Editorial Boards, and the 6,000 physicians who participate in its abstracting programs throughout the world. Excerpta Medica will also make available to the Center its long experience in the field, as well as its extensive resources of medical information accumulated during the Foundation’s twenty years of existence. These consist of over 1,300,000 English-language _abstract of the world’s biomedical literature, indexes to its abstracting journals, and the microfilm library in which complete original texts of all the 3,000 primary biomedical journals, monitored by Excerpta Medica in Amsterdam are stored since 1960.The objectives of the program of the combined Center include: (1) establishing a firm base of user relevance data; (2) developing improved vocabulary control mechanisms; (3) developing means of determining confidence limits of vocabulary control mechanisms in terms of user relevance data; 4. developing and field testing of new or improved media for providing medical literature to users; 5. developing methods for determining the relationship between learning and relevance in medical information storage and retrieval systems’; and (6) exploring automatic methods for retrospective searching of the specialized indexes of Excerpta Medica.The priority projects to be undertaken by the Center are (1) the investigation of the information needs of medical scientists, and (2) the development of a highly detailed Master List of Biomedical Indexing Terms. Excerpta Medica has already been at work on the latter project for several years.

Impact of Social Media on English Language: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Dr. Neha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
English Language ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
International Level ◽  
Class Society ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Media ◽  
Subsequent Rise

Language being a potent vehicle of transmitting cultural values, norms and beliefs remains a central factor in determining the status of any nation. India is a multilingual country which tends to encourage people to use English at national and international level. Basically English in India owes its presence to the British but its subsequent rise is not fully attributable to the British. It has now become the language of wider communication which is now spoken by large number of people all over the world. It is influenced by many factors such as class, society, developments in science and technology etc. However the major influence on English language is and has been the media.

L'anglicisme dans la langue française

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 00013
Author(s):  
Danny Susanto
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
English Word ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Font Size ◽  
The World ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Bibliographic Study

<p class="Abstract">The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon known as&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 1rem;">“anglicism”: a loan made to the English language by another language.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicism arose either from the adoption of an English word as a&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">result of a translation defect despite the existence of an equivalent&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">term in the language of the speaker, or from a wrong translation, as a&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">word-by-word translation. Said phenomenon is very common&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">nowadays and most languages of the world including making use of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">some linguistic concepts such as anglicism, neologism, syntax,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">morphology etc, this article addresses various aspects related to&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicisms in French through a bibliographic study: the definition of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicism, the origin of Anglicisms in French and the current situation,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">the areas most affected by Anglicism, the different categories of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicism, the difference between French Anglicism in France and&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">French-speaking Canada, the attitude of French-speaking society&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">towards to the Anglicisms and their efforts to stop this phenomenon.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">The study shows that the areas affected are, among others, trade,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">travel, parliamentary and judicial institutions, sports, rail, industrial&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">production and most recently film, industrial production, sport, oil industry, information technology,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">science and technology. Various initiatives have been implemented either by public institutions or by&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">individuals who share concerns about the increasingly felt threat of the omnipresence of Anglicism in&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">everyday life.</span></p>

The Oxford History of the Novel in English

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Novel ◽  
History Of The Novel ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Volume Nine of this series traces the development of the ‘world novel’, that is, English-language novels written throughout the world, beyond Britain, Ireland, and the United States. Focusing on the period up to 1950, the volume contains survey chapters and chapters on major writers, as well as chapters on book history, publishing, and the critical contexts of the work discussed. The text covers periods from renaissance literary imaginings of exotic parts of the world like Oceania, through fiction embodying the ideology and conventions of empire, to the emergence of settler nationalist and Indigenous movements and, finally, the assimilations of modernism at the beginnings of the post-imperial world order. The book, then, contains chapters on the development of the non-metropolitan novel throughout the British world from the eighteenth to the mid twentieth centuries. This is the period of empire and resistance to empire, of settler confidence giving way to doubt, and of the rise of indigenous and post-colonial nationalisms that would shape the world after World War II.

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