scholarly journals PERBEDAAN KESANGGUPAN KARDIOVASKULAR PADA KARYAWAN PRIA PEROKOK DAN NON PEROKOK DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Rizak Tiara Yusan ◽  
Joko Setyono ◽  
Moh Nanang Himawan Kusuma ◽  
Wahyudin Wahyudin ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recovery Heart Rate

Aktivitas merokok merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab tingginya angka kejadian morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit kardiovaskular. Adapun proporsi karyawan perokok cukup tinggi sebesar 34%. Aktivitas merokok menganggu kesehatan salah satunya dengan menurunkan kesanggupan kardiovaskular. Kesanggupan kardiovaskular yang buruk akan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan produktivitas dan efisiensi kerja karyawan. Metode : Desain penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 44 responden, dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok karyawan pria perokok dan non perokok masing-masing sebesar 22 responden, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran kesanggupan kardiovaskular dengan protokol Kasch Step Test. Kesanggupan kardiovaskular dinilai dengan menghitung Recovery Heart Rate. Adapun analisis data digunakan uji Chi Square dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil : Karyawan pria perokok memiliki kesanggupan kardiovaskular yang secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan karyawan pria non perokok (p=0,001). Adapun hasil perhitungan Relative Risk didapatkan bahwa karyawan pria perokok memiliki risiko penurunan kesanggupan kardiovaskular 2,8 kali lebih besar dibandingkan karyawan pria non perokok. Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesanggupan kardiovaskular karyawan pria perokok lebih rendah dibanding karyawan pria non perokok

scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms are Associated with Heart Rate Variability Independently of Fitness: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients with Heart Failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 955-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawn A Walter ◽  
Emily Gathright ◽  
Joseph D Redle ◽  
John Gunstad ◽  
Joel W Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Depression is associated with reduced heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy and cardiac samples, which may be accounted for by physical fitness. In a small sample of cardiac patients, activity and fitness levels attenuated the relationship between HRV and depression. In the current study of heart failure (HF) patients, we hypothesized that depressive symptoms and HRV would be inversely related and physical fitness would attenuate this association. Purpose To determine if previous associations among depressive symptoms, physical fitness, and HRV would replicate in a sample of HF patients. Methods The sample consisted of HF patients (N = 125) aged 68.55 ± 8.92 years, 68.8% male, and 83.2% Caucasian. The study was cross-sectional and a secondary analysis of a nonrandomized clinical trial (Trial Identifier: NCT00871897). Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II, fitness with the 2 min step test (2MST), and HRV during a 10 min resting laboratory psychophysiology protocol. The dependent variable in hierarchical linear regressions was the root mean square of successive differences. Results Controlling for sex, age, β-blocker use, hypertension, and diabetes, higher BDI-II scores significantly predicted lower HRV, β = −.29, t(92) = −2.79, p < .01. Adding 2MST did not attenuate the relationship in a follow-up regression. Conclusion Depressive symptoms were associated with lower HRV in HF patients, independent of physical fitness. Given the prevalence of depression and suppressed HRV common among HF patients, interventions addressing depressive symptoms and other predictors of poor outcomes may be warranted.

A Modified Step Test Based on a Function of Subjects' Stature

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candi D. Ashley ◽  
Joe F. Smith ◽  
Paul D. Reneau
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Step Height ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Recovery Heart Rate ◽  
Rate Step ◽  
Queens College ◽  
Lower Recovery

A number of submaximal step tests have been developed to predict maximal aerobic capacity. Because step height may influence biomechanical efficiency and heart rate, step tests based on subjects' stature may more accurately predict maximal aerobic capacity. Eighteen women performed the Queens College step test and a modified Queens College step test. The modified step test was performed with the height of the bench set even with the height of the foot at a knee angle of 90°. Analysis of the data indicated a lower recovery heart rate following this test ( p<.05). Further, correlations between maximal aerobic capacity and recovery heart rate for both tests were moderate ( r = −.80 and −.75, respectively). Our results suggest that step tests based on subjects' stature do not more accurately predict aerobic capacity than those using a standardized bench height.

scholarly journals The Physical Fitness Level, Heart Rate, and Heart Rate Recovery among Adolescent Smokers and Non-smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T4) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Nurvita Risdiana ◽  
Syahruramdhani Syahruramdhani ◽  
Armain Suwitno
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Measurement Results

BACKGROUND: Physical fitness level (PFL), heart rate (HR), and HR recovery (HRR1) were expressed the physical performance of an individual which can be the excellent indicators of health. That parameter differentiates the physical condition between a smoker and a non-smoker. At present, studies about them for adolescent smokers and non-smokers are still limited. Furthermore, they can be the prediction of the health indicators in the future. AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the PFL, HR, and HRR between adolescent smokers and non-smokers METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted by non-experimental and quantitative research with descriptive comparative design and cross-sectional approach. Mann–Whitney test used to describe the distinction between the PFL of students who are adolescent smokers and adolescent non-smokers. The sample data consist of 65 participants selected by purposive sampling collected using Harvard step test and manual HR measurement. RESULTS: After gathered data, we concluded that the PFL of adolescent non-smokers in our samples was significantly higher than smokers with recorded results of p = 0.001 (p < 0.05); HR1, HR60, HR90, and HR180 in adolescent smokers were higher than non-smokers with p = 0.00 (p < 0.05); there were no differences between HRR1 in adolescent smokers and non-smokers with p = 0.042 (p > 0.05). Smoking had effects on PFL and HR. CONCLUSION: The PFL and HR in adolescent non-smokers were better than in smokers but it had no effect on HRR1.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Phimosis, Smegma, and Preputial Bacteria with Inflammatory Status of Circumcised Patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3S) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Phimosis is the inability of the penis to potrude from the prepuce either partially or completely and the preputial retractability increases with age. Circumcision is believed by various parties as a form of defense against pathogens that may cause various abnormalities. Smegma is whitish lump that formed from desquamation of preputial epithelial cells. Smegma and bacteria in the prepuce may cause abnormalities such as genital infections, urinary tract infections, and even malignancy. This study aims to determine the presence between phimosis, smegma, and preputial bacteria, and its relationship with inflammatory status of circumcised patient. A cross sectional analytical study for boys who underwent circumcision at Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang. The data will be analyzed using chi-square and will be calculated for the relative risk. There were 76 patients who underwent circumcision from March 2018 until August 2018. The result was found that the presence of phimosis was significantly associated with the presence of smegma and preputial bacteria (p <0.01) with a risk of 30x and 8x respectively. However, the presence of smegma and preputial bacteria in the prepuce was not significantly associated with the inflammatory status in the prepuce (p = 0.541 & p = 0.084). In conclusion, the presence of phimosis has a significant risk in the formation of smegma and the growth of preputial bacteria.

scholarly journals Case Fatality in COVID-19; a District Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Hamzullah Khan ◽  
Faridullah Shah ◽  
Khalid Khan ◽  
. Abuzar
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probability Testing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

Objectives: To determine the case fatality rate of COVID-19 by evaluating the data of Patients died due to COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A total of 243 patients with PCR done from the government designated Public health research laboratory of Khyber Medical University were included in a cross sectional comparative study. Chi-square test, risk analysis, probability testing and survival analysis using Kaplan Meir test was done on data sheet prepared in SPPS version 25 in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: Out of total 243 patients, 165 (67.90%) were negative by PCR testing and 78 (32.09%) were COVID-19 positive. The Mean age with SD was 36+17 years. Out of total 178 (73.3%) were males and 65 (26.7%) were females. 34 (13.99%) had age more than 55 years, where 4/5 (80%) of the deaths were recorded. The relationship of an increase in age with rate of mortality was statistically significant (p=0.001). The over all probability of death in our population in age more than 55 years is 24 times higher (OR=24,95CI: 2.6-221.24) with relative risk of 1.1 (rr=1.11, 95CI:1-1.24). Mortality rate was 6.41%. A significant correlation of mortality with case positivity (p=0.003) with relative risk of 1.06 (rr=1.06, 95CI: 1.008-1.13). Three out of 5 of the COVID-19 positive deceased had cardiac diseases and 2/5 had respiratory disease/viral pneumonia. Using Kaplan Meir test, the survival graphs of COVID positive vs COVID negative cases had similar pattern that shows the mortality rate in the positive cases was not solely due to COVID-19, but has aggravated the pre-existing illness to cause death. Conclusion: The mortality rate was 6.41%, more in age>55 years (80%) and almost all the deceased had chronic co-morbid conditions like CAD, CCF and COPD at time of presentation. COVID-19 is not the sole killer, it contributes killing in immune-deficient patients.

Abstract P287: Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Associated With Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Adolescents

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunduck Park ◽  
Devin Volding ◽  
Wendell Taylor ◽  
Wenyaw Chan ◽  
Janet Meininger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unit Increase

Introduction: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (fitness) and high levels of adiposity are independently associated with higher levels of blood pressure in adolescents. However, it remains uncertain whether the associations between fitness and blood pressure are due to fitness itself or results from lower levels of adiposity. Moreover, there are no studies that have determined the extent to which adiposity, including central adiposity, moderates the association between fitness and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). Hypotheses: 1. Higher levels of fitness will be associated with lower levels of ambulatory systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure after adjusting for adiposity and covariates. 2. With adjustments for covariates, adiposity (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC]) will modify the association between fitness and 24-hour SBP and DBP. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Houston, TX with a sample of 370 adolescents aged 11-16 years. Demographically, the sample was 54% female, 37% African American, 31% Hispanic, 29% non-Hispanic white, and 3% other ethnic/racial groups. Fitness was assessed by a height-adjusted step test and estimated by heart rate recovery, defined as the difference between peak heart rate during exercise and heart rate two minutes post-exercise. Adiposity was measured using dichotomized values for percentiles of BMI (≥ 85 th ) and WC (≥ 50 th ). Ambulatory SBP and DBP (Spacelabs model 90207) were measured every 30-60 minutes over 24 hours on a school day. Mixed-effects regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses with the following covariates: activity, location, and position at the time of each ABP measurement, height, age, sex, ethnicity, sexual maturation level, and mother’s education level. Results: Hypothesis 1: Each unit increase in fitness was associated with a decrease of SBP (-0.058 mmHg, p = 0.001) and DBP (-0.043 mmHg, p < 0.0001) after adjustment for WC and covariates. Each unit increase in fitness was associated with a decrease in SBP (-0.058 mmHg, p = 0.001) and DBP (-0.045 mmHg, p < 0.0001) after adjustment for BMI and covariates. Hypothesis 2: Fitness and BMI ≥ 85 th percentile (or WC ≥ 50 th percentile) interactions were not significantly associated with ambulatory SBP or DBP after adjustment for covariates. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a small but statistically significant inverse effect of fitness on 24-hour ABP in adolescents, and no evidence of a modifying effect of adiposity on this association. Further research is needed to better understand the protective role of fitness on cardiovascular health in adolescents.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) DENGAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI PADA SISWI SMA NEGERI 2 TABANAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Miqdaddiati Miqdaddiati ◽  
Ni Luh Nopi Andayani ◽  
I Dewa Ayu Dwi Primayanti ◽  
Luh Made Indah Sri Handari Adiputra
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Kebugaran Jasmani merupakan manfaat yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan seseorang dalam melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan kebugaran jasmani pada siswi SMA Negeri 2 di tabanan. Penelitian ini ialah penelitian analitik cross sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2019 pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara simple random sampling. Jumlah sampel ialah 62 orang dengan usia 15-17 tahun. Variable Independen yang diukur adalah indeks massa tubuh (IMT) melalui pengukuran dengan mengukur tinggi badan (TB) dan berat badan (BB) sedangkan variable dependen yang diukur adalah kebugaran jasmani melalui Harvard Step Test. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan ialah uji analisis non parametik Chi Square Test dan uji analisis deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikan setiap variable dalam penelitian didapatkan nilai P ialah 0.039 atau p< 0.05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan kebugan jasmani pada siswi SMA Negeri 2 Tabanan.

scholarly journals Hubungan Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur serta Aktivitas Sedentari terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani Kelompok Usia Dewasa Muda

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dwi Hartanti ◽  
Dinda Rima Mutmainah Mawarni
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
X 24 ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Latar belakang: Kebugaran jasmani dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas kerja dan daya tahan tubuh terhadap penyakit serta dapat menentukan kualitas hidup individu. Kebugaran jasmani dipengaruhi faktor konsumsi zat gizi dan aktivitas fisik. Buah dan sayur adalah bahan pangan sumber vitamin dan mineral yang memiliki peran dalam metabolisme energi dan kebugaran fisik. Aktivitas sedentari merupakan gaya hidup dengan aktivitas fisik rendah dan berdampak pada penurunan kebugaran jasmani. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan pola konsumsi buah dan sayur serta aktivitas sedentari terhadap kebugaran jasmani kelompok usia dewasa muda. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah studi cross sectional dengan populasi Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi dan kesehatan UIN Walisongo Semarang. Subjek terdiri dari 87 sampel yang dipilih dengan cluster random sampling. Pola Konsumsi Buah dan sayur diketahui melalui form semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) dan food record 3 x 24 jam. Aktivitas sedentari ditentukan dengan Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ) yang telah dimodifikasi dan pengisian activity record 5 x 24 jam. Kebugaran jasmani ditentukan dengan uji Harvard Step Test. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya hubungan antara masing-masing variabel. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola konsumsi buah dengan kebugaran jasmani. Simpulan: Pola konsumsi buah dan sayur dari sampel tergolong kategori rendah. Sebanyak 96,6% sampel memiliki tingkat aktivitas sedentari tinggi. Pola konsumsi buah berhubungan dengan kebugaran jasmani.

scholarly journals Statistics of Viral Infectivity in Close Contacts with Covid-19 Patients: A Joint Hospital and Community Adventure in District Nowshera of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Hamzullah Khan ◽  
Adnan Masood
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Viral Infectivity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Close Contacts

Background: Present study was designed as to determine the probability and relative risk of COVID-19 in suspects with positive contacts history. Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted in district Nowshera on COVID-19 suspects/patients. A total of 365 suspects/patients were included from Feb 10 to April 20, 2020. All the data was uploaded on SPSS version 25 that was designed for this particular study. Results: Out of total 365, 264(72.3%) were males and 101(27.7%) females. The descriptive statistics of age with mean and standard deviation was 35+16 years. 12/41(29.26%) positive cases were recorded in age>55 years of age. Historyof contact with positive COVID-19 patients was contributing in35/41(85.36%) confirmed cases. There was a significant relation of an increase in age with viral infectivity (Chi-Square=11.48, p=0.009). A strong relationship of positive close contact history with COVID-19 infection (Chi-Square=19.56, p=0.001) was recorded. The probability of the infection with 2019-nCoV in patients with close contact history was 6.12 times more than suspects with no contact history (OR=6.12, 95%CI, 2.5-14.9). The relative risk of infection was (rr=1.75, 95%CI, 1.4-2.07) in suspects with positive contacts as compared to no contacts history (rr=0.28, 95%CI, 0.1-0.6). Conclusion: The probability, relative risk and correlation of history of contacts with strong suspects/ COVID-19 patients increase the chances of infectivity with 2019nCoV in folds.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

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