scholarly journals Comparison of the Number of Bacterial Colonies Before and After Using Hand Sanitizer From Acacia Nilotica Leaf Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syarifah Miftahul El Jannah ◽  
Zuraida Zuraida ◽  
Desy Yulfianna ◽  
Erie Aditia
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Before And After

Background: Using hand sanitizers was an act of necessity during the Covid-19 pandemic. With this action, it is expected to control the number of bacterial colonies on the palms of the hands. One of the herbal ingredients that can inhibit the growth of germs is Acacia nilotica L-leaf extract so that it can be used as an active ingredient in hand sanitizer. Objective: To determine the number of bacterial colonies before and after using a hand sanitizer with the active ingredient of acacia leaf extract. Materials and Methods: The study used random sampling analysis before and after treatment. Acacia nilotica leaf ethanol extract formula 10%, 20% and 30%. Each concentration was used by 11 men and 11 women as a hand sanitizer with movements according to WHO standards and left for 30 seconds. Check the count of germs on hands before and after using hand sanitizer. Results: The highest decrease in the number of bacterial colonies was found at a concentration of 30% reaching 64.84% in men and 89.61% in women. There were differences in the ability to decrease the number of bacterial colonies from each concentration (P 0.003 < 0.005). Conclusion: Acacia nilotica L leaf extract can be a candidate for active hand sanitizer ingredients.

scholarly journals FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS FISIK SEDIAAN KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SESEWANUA (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl.)

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Meyla C. M. Pratasik ◽  
Paulina V. Y. Yamlean ◽  
Weny I Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Physical Evaluation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dispersion Test ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Sesewanua Leaves (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl.) have the potential to be made as skin care cosmetic preparations but must be in the right formulation to achieve the desired effect. The aim of this study was to determine the physical stability of a cream from Sesewanua leaf extract. This study used a experimental method by making ethanol extract of Sesewanua leaves with a concentration of 0.5% and physical stability test. Physical evaluation was carried out before and after cycling test through organoleptic observation, homogenety test, pH test, dispersion test, adhesion test, viscosity test, centrifugation test and cream type determination. The results of the physical evaluation showed that F1 without Sesewanua leaf extract and F2 with Sesewanua leaf extract creams met the requirements of physical stability, so can be concluded that Sesewanua leaf extract can be formulated into cream preparations with concentration of 0.5% which is physically stable before and after cycling test. Keywords: Sesewanua Leaves, Cream, Physical Stability  ABSTRAK Daun Sesewanua (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl.) berpotensi untuk dibuat sebagai sediaan kosmetik perawatan kulit namun harus dengan formulasi yang tepat agar mencapai efek yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas fisik sediaan krim ekstrak daun sesewanua. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan membuat krim ekstrak etanol daun Sesewanua dengan konsentrasi 0,5% dan uji stabilitas fisik. Evaluasi fisik dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah cycling test melalui pengamatan organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, uji viskositas, uji sentrifugasi dan penentuan tipe krim. Hasil evaluasi fisik menunjukkan krim F1 tanpa ekstrak daun Sesewanua dan F2 dengan ekstrak daun Sesewanua memenuhi persyaratan stabilitas fisik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan ekstrak daun sesewanua dapat diformulasi menjadi sediaan krim dengan konsentrasi 0,5% yang stabil secara fisik sebelum dan sesudah cycling test. Kata Kunci : Daun Sesewanua, Krim, Stabilitas Fisik

scholarly journals FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KALIANDRA (Calliandra surinamensis) DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERINYA TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Gichella C. J. Somba ◽  
Hosea Jaya Edi ◽  
Jainer P. Siampa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Sterility Testing ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inhibitory Power

ABSTRACT This study aims to test the antibacterial effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Kaliandra leaf cream and evaluate the preparations using parameters of physical properties, physical stability, and sterility. Kaliandra leaf (Calliandra surinamensis) contains compounds such as flavonoid, saponins and tannins that can inhibit the growth of bacteria. This research uses laboratory experimental methods. Cream preparation formula is made with variations in the concentration of ethanol extract of Kaliandra leaves 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%. Kaliandra leaf extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent. The study of antibacterial test of ethanol extract of Kaliandra leaf extract using the method of Staphylococcus aures produced inhibitory power of 5.09 ± 0.88 mm at a concentration of 6%. The physical evaluation of the cream preparation includes organoleptic examination (odor, color, shape), homogeneity, pH testing, adhesion, dispersion, cycling test. All tests are carried out before and after the cycling test. The results obtained before and after the cycling test showed that the cream preparations met organoleptic requirements, homogeneity, cream pH 6.07 (4.5-6.5), cream adhesion 4.59 seconds (<4 seconds), cream dispersion  6.19 cm (5-7 cm). Cream sterility testing shows that the cream is sterile. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Kaliandra leaves cream meets the physical test parameters, is stable and has moderate antibacterial activity. Keywords : Kaliandra Leaf (Calliandra surinamensis), Cream, Antibacterial, Staphylococcous aureus.  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas antibakteri sediaan krim ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra dan mengevaluasi sediaan dengan menggunakan parameter uji sifat fisik, stabilitas fisik, dan sterilitas. Daun Kaliandra (Calliandra surinamensis) merupakan tanaman yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tannin yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium, Formula sediaan krim dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%. Ekstrak daun Kaliandra diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Penelitian uji antibakteri sediaan krim esktrak etanol daun Kaliandra menggunakan metode sumuran pada bakteri Staphylococcus aures menghasilkan daya hambat 5,09±0,88 mm pada konsentrasi 6%. Evaluasi fisik sediaan krim meliputi pemeriksaan organoleptis (bau, warna,  bentuk), homogenitas, pengujian pH, daya  lekat,  daya  sebar, uji cycling test. Semua pengujian dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah cycling test. Hasil penelitian yang didapat sebelum dan sesudah cycling test menunjukkan bahwa sediaan krim memenuhi persyaratan organoleptis, homogenitas, pH krim 6,07 (4,5-6,5), daya lekat krim 4,59 detik (<4 detik), daya sebar krim 6,19 cm (5-7 cm). Pengujian sterilitas krim menunjukan bahwa krim steril. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan krim ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra memenuhi parameter uji fisik, stabil dan memiliki aktivitas  antibakteri yang sedang. Kata kunci : Daun Kaliandra (Calliandra surinamensis), Krim, Antibakteri, Staphlococcous aureus.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF HAND SANITIZER ETHANOL EXTRACT OF BASIL (Ocimum Sanctum. L) AGAINST Escherichia coli dan Streptococcus Aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Nurfiddin Farid ◽  
Nurhikma Nurhikma ◽  
Suhartina Hamzah ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf ◽  
Rahmania Rahmania
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L) Against to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to increase its effectiveness, it is made in practical and easy-to-use preparations. One of the effective dosage forms for topical use is Hand Sanitizer. The factor that influences the quality of gel preparations is Carbopol as a gelling agent. To know the antibacterial effect and ethanol extract concentration of basis leaves (Ocimum sanctum L). preparation of Hand sanitizer, in which the selection and type of carbopol concentration will determine the stability of the gel formed. Basil leaf extract was obtained by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The product is formulation in the form a gel Hand sanitizer with the addition of carbopol as a gelling agent with a concentration of 1,5% this type of research is  laboratory Experiment with Stability Test, Organoleptic Test, pH, Homogeneity and Scattering power and Antibacterial Test on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. For testing antibacterial activity the method used is the diffusion method. Form the research results obtained antibacterial Hand sanitizer preparations with concentration of 1%, 3% and 5%  showed changes in odor , color and shape before and after storage at pH 4,8- 6,4. Organoleptic  testing showed no changes in odor, color and shape before and after accelerated storage. pH testing shows charges before and after storage are caused by temperature light factors. Homogeneity testing showed no changes before and after storage. Scatter tests indicate changes before and after storage caused by temperature light factors. Antibacterial activity test shows that the formulation of Hand sanitizer ethanol extract of basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L) with a concentration of 1%, 3% and 5%. can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with Medium -Strong inhibitory zones. From the results of research conducted it was concluded that the antibacterial Hand sanitizer ethanol of basis was physically and chemically stable for Organiletic, pH, Homogeneity and Scattering effects.

scholarly journals Isolasi, Identifikasi Senyawa Alkaloid Dan Uji Efektivitas Penghambatan Dari Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn L. Kapondo ◽  
. Fatimawali ◽  
Meilani Jayanti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Density Values

Abstract: Betel leaf (Piper betle L) contains alkaloid compounds and has antibacterial and antiseptic functions. The purpose of this research was to isolated alkaloid compounds also to tested the effectiveness of inhibition of the betel leaf extract against the Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial growth. Simplicia betel leaf was extracted used 96% of ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity tested of betel leaf extract with a concentration variation of 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% and 5% using the liquid dilution method. The results of identification of alkaloid isolates used UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method can be known alkaloid compounds contained in betel leaves include alkaloids with indole base framework that was absorption at 262 nm and 274 nm wavelengths. The results of the effectiveness of betel leaf on Bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis used the liquid dilution method showed that betel leaf extract with Optical density values at concentrations of 25%, 20%, 15% and 10% before and after incubation decreased respectively by -0.347, -0.304, -0.192 and -0.104, while at a concentration of 5% there was increase in Optical density values of 0.162. From the results of the research, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of betel leaf contains an alkaloid with an indole base framework and was inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria with a MIC at a concentration of 10%.Keywords: betel leaf, Staphylococcus epidermidis, alkaloid compound, liquid dilution.  Abstrak: Daun Sirih (Piper betle L) mengandung senyawa alkaloid dan memiliki fungsi sebagai antibakteri dan antiseptik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa alkaloid dan menguji efektivitas penghambatan dari ekstrak daun sirih hijau terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Simplisia daun sirih hijau diekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun sirih dengan variasi konsentrasi 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% dan 5% menggunakan metode dilusi cair. Hasil identifikasi terhadap isolat alkaloid menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dapat diketahui senyawa alkaloid yang terkandung dalam daun sirih termasuk alkaloid dengan kerangka dasar Indol yang mempunyai serapan pada panjang gelombang 262 nm dan 274 nm. Hasil uji efektivitas daun sirih terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan metode dilusi cair menunjukan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih dengan nilai densitas optik pada konsentrasi 25%, 20%, 15% dan 10% sebelum dan sesudah inkubasi mengalami penurunan berturut-turut sebesar -0.347, -0.304, -0.192 dan -0.104, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 5% mengalami kenaikan nilai densitas optik sebesar 0.162. Dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sirih mengandung alkaloid dengan kerangka dasar indol dan memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan KHM pada konsentrasi 10%.Kata Kunci: daun sirih, Staphylococcus epidermidis, senyawa alkaloid, dilusi cair.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN POTENSI LIMBAH KULIT BAWANG MERAH (Allium Cepa. L) SEBAGAI SEDIAAN GEL HAND SANITIZER

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Yusnita Usman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Onion Skin ◽  
Before And After

            The increased health problems caused by microorganisms at the hands, hand sanitizer gel as the way out to maintained health and hand hygiene because it is more practical and easy to carry. The purpose of this study was to make formulations of gel with physically stable and had inhibitory activity against the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. In this study three formulations were made with a ratio of Hydroxy ethyl selilulose 0.5% (F1), 1% (F2) and 2% (F3) then physical stability testing included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH and dispersion before and after accelerated storage, then antimicrobial activity by sump method. Organoleptic test showed there is no color, smell and texture changes. The results of the homogenety test, formula with concentration of Hydroxy ethyl cellulose 1% and 2% is homogeneous. The pH test results showed that the gel preparation did not change pH. Dispersing test showed concentration hydroxyethyl cellulose 1% has the highest dispersion value. but statistical paired T test results showed that the dispersion before and after storage was accelerated significantly different 0.043 (p <0.05), but still in accordance with the range of dispersion specifications for a good semisolid preparation.The MIC test results showed Formulation F1, F2 and F3 ethanol extract red onion skin gel are strong  inhibitory effect, ethanol extract of red onion skin gel F1 inhibitory zone is 16mm, F2 and F3 had the same inhibitory zone is 14.33. It can be concluded F2  has the best physical stability, but F1  is the most effective to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus.    

Analgesic Effectivty Of Nanoparticles Chitosan-Ethanol Leaf Extract Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) In White Male Mice (Mus Mucculus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Juliferd Gredi ◽  
Wintari Taurina ◽  
Mohamad Andrie
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
White Male ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Optimal Formula

Papaya leaves has been shown to have efficacy as an analgesic. Analgesic effect caused by the flavonoids in leaves of papaya. To enhance the analgesic effi cacy papaya into dosage formulatio of nanoparticles. The purpose of this research was to create and characterized nanoparticles from ethanol extract of papaya leaves then tested for effectiveness as an analgesic. This study used polymer chitosan and NaTPP to created nanoparticles through ionic gelation method and analgesic activity tested using writhing test method and statistical tested. Optimal formula of nanoparticles were produced at concentration of 0.2% chitosan, Na-TPP extract 0.1% and 4% with a ratio of 6: 1: 1. The nanoparticles was formed a size of 255.4 nm with polidispers index of 0.7, the zeta potential of + 11,1mV, the adsorption effi ciency by 87% and rounded morphology (spherical). Analgesic effectiveness tested by comparison between the groups ethanol extract of papaya and the groups nanoparticles of chitosan-ethanol extract papaya statistically using the T-test Independent. The results of this research indicate that there are statistically signifi cant differences (p <0.05). This results shows that the preparation nanoparticles of chitosan-ethanol extract papaya is more effective as an analgesic than the ethanol extract of papaya leaves.

Perbedaan Pengetahuan Remaja Putri Sebelum Dan Sesudah Diberikan Penyuluhan Tentang Fluor Albus Di SMP Negeri 3 Penebel

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Kadek Sri Ariyanti ◽  
Rini Winangsih ◽  
Desak Made Firsia Sastra Putri
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Test Result

Background and purpose: Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. The problems facing adolescents are often related to reproductive health, one of which is fluorine albus. Many teenagers do not care about the fluoride of albus despite the enormous impact on women's reproductive health. One reason is the lack of knowledge about fluorine albus. Based on KISARA data there are 90.91% of girls in Denpasar City do not know the cause of fluorine albus. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in knowledge of young women before and after being given counseling about fluor albus. Method: The research design used was pre-experimental with one group pretest posttest design using 70 respondents taken by stratified random sampling. The results showed that the average score of adolescent girls' knowledge about fluor albus before being given counseling was 11.56 and after counseling was 14.23. There was an average increase in knowledge of 2.67. Results: Statistical test result using wilcoxon test get value p = 0.000 so that hypothesis accepted. Conculusion: It can be concluded that there is difference of adolescent knowledge about fluorine albus before and after given counseling.

A Comparison of Hand Washing Techniques To Remove Escherichia coli and Caliciviruses under Natural or Artificial Fingernails

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2296-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIA-MIN LIN ◽  
FONE-MAO WU ◽  
HOI-KYUNG KIM ◽  
MICHAEL P. DOYLE ◽  
BARRY S. MICHAELS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Escherichia Coli Jm109 ◽  
Viral Indicators

Compared with other parts of the hand, the area beneath fingernails harbors the most microorganisms and is most difficult to clean. Artificial fingernails, which are usually long and polished, reportedly harbor higher microbial populations than natural nails. Hence, the efficacy of different hand washing methods for removing microbes from natural and artificial fingernails was evaluated. Strains of nonpathogenic Escherichia coli JM109 and feline calicivirus (FCV) strain F9 were used as bacterial and viral indicators, respectively. Volunteers with artificial or natural nails were artificially contaminated with ground beef containing E. coli JM109 or artificial feces containing FCV. Volunteers washed their hands with tap water, regular liquid soap, antibacterial liquid soap, alcohol-based hand sanitizer gel, regular liquid soap followed by alcohol gel, or regular liquid soap plus a nailbrush. The greatest reduction of inoculated microbial populations was obtained by washing with liquid soap plus a nailbrush, and the least reduction was obtained by rubbing hands with alcohol gel. Lower but not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05) reductions of E. coli and FCV counts were obtained from beneath artificial than from natural fingernails. However, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher E. coli and FCV counts were recovered from hands with artificial nails than from natural nails before and after hand washing. In addition, microbial cell numbers were correlated with fingernail length, with greater numbers beneath fingernails with longer nails. These results indicate that best practices for fingernail sanitation of food handlers are to maintain short fingernails and scrub fingernails with soap and a nailbrush when washing hands.

scholarly journals Formulation and evaluation of the nanosilver gel using bioreductor ethanol extract of katuk leaf (sauropus androgynus (l) merr) as antibacterial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e2910111315
Author(s):  
. Nurfadilah ◽  
Yunahara Farida ◽  
. Faizatun
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Gel Preparation

Background: The current type of nanoparticle that attracts a lot of attention in the pharmaceutical field is Nanosilver because it can act as an antimicrobial. Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain the Nanosilver gel preparation from katuk leaf extract, which is effective as an antibacterial agent against acne. Methods: Katuk leaf extract remains as a reducing agent in the synthesis of Nanosilver using a green synthesis method. Nanosilver characterization was performed using PSA, FTIR and TEM. Results: Particle size of Nanosilver (Katuk leaf extract concentration 0.16% with a silver nitrate volume of 10 mM is 1: 9) of 164.40 nm, Nanosilver (Katuk leaf extract Concentration 0.32% with silver nitrate volume 10 mM is 1: 9) of 176.47 nm and Nanosilver (0.48% katuk leaf extract concentration with a volume of 10 mM silver nitrate of 1: 9) of 194.95 nm. Antibacterial activity using the Well method was shown that the nanosilver gel from Katuk leaf extract had an inhibitory effect on P. acnes bacteria with an inhibition zone of 26 mm  classified as very strong, and 12 mm was strongly categorized against S. aureus bacteria, namely in Formula 1. Conclusion: A variation in the concentration of katuk leaf extract influences the size of the particles formed. the Nanosilver katuk leaf extract has an antibacterial cause for acne with a very strong category.

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