scholarly journals ITERATIVENESS AS ONE OF THE TYPES OF PREDICATE PLURALITY OF SITUATIONS IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE FOREST YUKAGHIRS

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Александра Егоровна Прокопьева
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
Linguistic Material ◽  
Linguistic Means ◽  
Degree Type

Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена тем, что в юкагирском языкознании глагол языка лесных юкагиров не был изучен с точки выражения функционально-семантической категории аспектуальности. Теоретико-методологической основой явились труды известных отечественных ученых в области аспектологии: Ю. С. Маслова, А. В. Бондарко, В. С. Храковского и др. Известно, что аспектуальность — функционально-семантическая категория, которая включает в себя взаимодействующие языковые средства (морфологические, словообразовательные, лексические и др.), служащих для передачи характера и распределения действия во времени. В настоящей статье впервые дается описание основных морфологических и лексических способов выражения одного из типов количественной аспектуальности в языке лесных юкагиров – итеративности. На основе фактического языкового материала делаются выводы, что для реализации итеративного значения используются специализированные морфологические (грамматические) и лексические средства. Определен основной грамматический инвентарь средств передачи итеративного значения в языке лесных юкагиров. Так, аффиксы -и-, -йи, -ийи-, -уйи- с итеративной семантикой являются универсальными, т. е. присоединяются к основам как переходных, так и непереходных глаголов. Показателями итеративности для непереходных глаголов являются аффиксы -й-, -сьии-, -(н)дьи-, -дьаа-, для переходных — -т-, -сь-. Итеративное значение передается и хабитуальными показателями. В языке лесных юкагиров при помощи суффиксов -ну-, -нун-, -нуну- выражается хабитуальное значение, т. е. регулярная или постоянная повторяемость действия, являющегося способностью, склонностью либо характерной чертой участника того или иного события. К лексическим средствам выражения идеи итеративности могут быть отнесены наречия времени типа пугэмэ ʽлетомʼ, йоулэмэ ʽвечеромʼ, идэй-нэдэ ʽиногдаʼ, послелоги типа чичкин ʽв течениеʼ, обозначающие повторяющиеся периоды времени; образа действия типа ускуом ʽобычноʼ, чуотэ ʽвсегдаʼ, обозначающие относительно регулярное повторение действия; наречия меры и степени типа атахлидьэ ʽдваждыʼ, ньингэльи-дьэ ʽмного раз, многождыʼ, обозначающие количество проявления действия. The relevance of this research is due to the fact that in Yukaghir linguistics the verb of the forest Yukaghir language has not been studied from the point of expression of the functional-semantic category of aspectuality. The theoretical and methodological basis was the works of famous Russian scientists in the field of aspectology: Yu. S. Maslova, A. V. Bondarko, V. S. Khrakovsky and others. It is known that aspectuality is a functional-semantic category that includes interacting linguistic means (morphological, word-formation, lexical, etc.) that serve to convey character and distribution actions in time. This article is the first to describe the main morphological and lexical ways of expressing one of the types of quantitative aspectuality in the language of the forest Yukaghirs — iteration. On the basis of the actual linguistic material, it is concluded that specialized morphological (grammatical) and lexical means are used to implement the iterative meaning. The main grammatical inventory of means of conveying iterative meaning in the language of the forest Yukaghirs has been determined. So, the affixes -yi, -ii-, -ui- with iterative semantics are universal, i.e. join the stems of both transitive and intransitive verbs. Indicators of iteration for intransitive verbs are the affixes -y-, -sii-, — (n) dy-, -dya-, for transitive — -t-, -s-. The iterative value is also conveyed by the habitual metrics. In the language of the forest Yukaghirs, the suffixes -nu-, -nun-, -nunu- are used to express the habitual meaning, i. e. regular or constant repetition of an action that is an ability, inclination, or a characteristic feature of a participant in an event. The lexical means of expressing the idea of iteration can include adverbs of time such as pugame ʽin summerʼ, youleme ʽeveningʼ, ideinede ʽsometimesʼ, postpositions such as chichkin ʽduringʼ, designating repeating periods of time; actions such as uskuom ʽusuallyʼ, chuote ʽalwaysʼ, denoting a relatively regular repetition of an action; adverbs of the measure and degree type as atahlid'e ʽtwiceʼ, n'ingel'id'e ʽmany timesʼ, denoting the number of manifestations of the action.

Teaching Turkic-speaking school students the morphemic structure of the word in the Russian language classes: ethno-cognitive approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Elena A. Zheleznyakova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Group Words ◽  
Linguistic Material

In a modern Russian school, together with Russian-speaking school students, children of migrants study, for most of whom are native Turkic languages. For foreigners, traditional lessons should be supplemented with corrective lessons in Russian as a non-native language, the effectiveness of which will be high provided that an ethno-cognitive approach to teaching is followed. Learning the morphemic structure of a word based on an ethno-cognitive approach is the subject of this study. The aim is to develop methodic recommendations based on the analysis of the features of the morphemic structure of Turkic words, to identify possible difficulties in mastering the morphemic structure of the Russian word by Turkic-speaking students, and to highlight methods and techniques based on the principles of consciousness and the development of students’ cognitive abilities. Two main difficulties in the field of the morphemic word structure for foreign children are highlighted: Russian inflection and morphological ways of word formation: prefix and prefix-suffix. When working with these topics, the teacher should develop students’ ability to think analytically, comparing and identifying the essential features of a linguistic phenomenon, make assumptions and find confirmation for them. Mastering inflection will be more effective if you group words thematically, work according to ready-made patterns and models of inflection, increase the number of tasks “for substitution” and “for replacement”. The following stages of work on concepts are substantiated: analysis of linguistic material and highlighting the main fea-tures of a concept; generalization of signs, establishing a connection between them and introducing the desired term; concretization of concepts based on new linguistic material.

An analysis of viewpoints by the use of frequent multi-word sequences in DH Lawrence’sLady Chatterley’s Lover

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-184
Author(s):  
Reiko Ikeo
Keyword(s):  
Character Development ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Other ◽  
Narrative Construction ◽  
Perception Verbs ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Lady Chatterley's Lover ◽  
Linguistic Material ◽  
Linguistic Means

This paper examines how particular multi-word sequences and a set of adjectives that are closely related to the leading protagonists’ viewpoints contribute to the character development and narrative construction in the fictional text, DH Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover (LCL). LCL is an iconic novel that explores sensuality and sexuality as being an essential part of humanity. To collect linguistic material for examination, I used a frequency list of the text of LCL as the primary source. From the frequency list, the most frequent mental verbs, perception verbs, body part nouns and adjectives were chosen for retrieving the most frequent 2/3-grams. These expressions, which occur frequently in the text, are primarily used for establishing the viewpoint of the leading character, Connie. These verbs, nouns and adjectives are also used to present the other main characters’ internal states, perceptions and viewpoints, although less frequently. These characters’ inner worlds, compared with Connie’s, whose intentions, motives and desires are transparent to the reader, appear to be less discernible and more distant from the reader. However, after Connie became intimately involved with the gamekeeper, Mellors’s viewpoint is more often introduced by similar lexical items to those that were applied to presenting Connie’s internal states. The analysis has revealed how particular linguistic means are related to different characters’ viewpoints.

scholarly journals Geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect of the Moksha-Mordovian language

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Nikolai V. Belenov
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Village ◽  
Linguistic Material

Geographical vocabulary existing in ethno-linguistic environment, has a significant impact on the formation of its toponymic nomenclature. This influence is manifested both in the form of toponymic formants and in the basics of geographical names originating from this ethno-linguistic environment. The relevance of this work is definted by the fact that until now geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect of the Moksha-Mordovian language, as well as other Samara-Bends dialects, was not the subject of special study, and was not introduced into academic and research circulation. The purpose of this article is description and lexico-semantic and etymological analysis of geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect of the Moksha-Mordovian language. General theoretical and methodological basis of the research was made up of the works of Russian and international researchers on the toponymy and dialectology of the Mordovian languages. Vocabulary data is based on the materials of field research that the author conducted in the village Tornovoe of the Volga district of the Samara region during the field-work in 2017 and 2018. The main methods of linguistic research are descriptive and comparative methods. They were used in the collection and analysis of linguistic material. The results of the study showed that the geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect of the Moksha-Mordovian language fully reflects all the phonetic and accentual features of this dialect. It was also revealed that there is a fundamental difference between the composition of geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect and the same vocabulary of the neighboring dialects of the Moksha-Mordvin language, Shelehmetsky and Bahilovsky. A significant part of the geographical vocabulary in tthe Tornovsky dialect is borrowed from the Russian and Turkic Kipchak languages which reflects ethnolinguistic history of its speakers.

scholarly journals LINGUISTICALLY JUSTIFIED USE OF GENDERED FEMININE NOUNS OF THE CATEGORY NOMINA AGENTIS ET PROFESSIONIS CREATED BY SUFFIX -KINJA

2021 ◽  
Vol XII (35) ◽  
pp. 197-213
Author(s):  
Milena Buric
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Sound Structure ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Gender Neutral

This paper is considering scientific well-foundedness of arguments in favour of the use of generic forms and against the use of gendered feminine nouns from the word-formation semantic category of professions and ranks, using examples of the nouns derived by suffix -kinja (psiholog/psihološkinja, vodič/vodičkinja i dr.). Following the introductory part displaying her motives for choosing this topic, the author reminds us that the investigations so far have shown that the main reasons against the feminine gender nouns quote their more restricted range in comparison to their generic forms, thier complex sound structure and problematic word-formation model as well. Linguists supporting these attitudes find certain feminine forms impermissible because of their forms being derived according to unaccredited wordformation pattern. The possibility of having homonymy and double meaning happen, considering semantic heritage of certain feminine gender nouns (nouns like ministarka, trenerka), sometimes makes them unsuitable and inefficient. The arguments listed here are particularly related to the abstract communication, i.e. competitions, printed forms and so on, whereas it is more suitable to use generic forms due to their more extensive semantic range and eligibility to refer to persons of both gender, being considered gender-neutral. The author is also reminiding us of completely opposite views according to which, in the mass media, by the predominanted use of generic names for professions and ranks for feminine persons, it is clear the tendency to make women invisible in the social and political field. Supporters of such approach find it necessary, when it comes to the question of gender sensitive language, to implement codification aiming to provide humane and tolerant communication, and visibility of women in the society as well, i.e. her gender equality The author gives advantage to the pragmatic and balanced approach in resolving this problem, according to which in concrete situations the feminine forms are found necessary, i.e. situations when with a feminine personal name ought to be used a feminine gender noun indicating her profession. On the other side, in situations when neutral or common use is necesseray, generic forms can be a tool for language efficiency (for example in competitions, printed forms and so on). The author in a latent manner debates with the opinion that the generic, i.e. common forms are gender-neutral, reminding us of the morphological features of the masculine gender nouns of the first category being their charateristic, supporting it with the example: Vodič nam je davala uputstva. The author emphasises that the necessity of the existence of the feminine gender forms for professions and ranks is unquestionable for both – from the point of view of ensuring equality of genders in the society, and respecting principle of congruency point of view as well, focusing on the central part of her research afterwards. On the basis of all aforementioned in the paper it can be finally concluded that the profession nouns of the feminine gender appeared when the need for them came up and also that the tendency of their expansion is evident and proportional with the enhancement of the position of the woman in the society. The use of the feminine gender nouns denoting professions and ranks, as well as those with the suffix mentioned earlier, is necessary and practical in concrete situations. If we bear in mind that there are no liguistically justified arguments against the use of gendered feminine nouns with the suffix -kinja the categories nomina agentis et professions, it is to be expected the continuation of their expansion.

scholarly journals Dephrasal adjectives in Polish – A case of syntax-inside-morphology

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
Joanna Kolbusz-Buda
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Formation Type ◽  
Lexical Integrity ◽  
Formation System ◽  
Linguistic Material

The present paper is part of a larger project which investigates the issue of “syntax-inside-morphology” in the domain of Polish word-formation. In what follows, we explore the thus far unstudied territory of dephrasal adjectives, such as tużpopołudniowy ‘right-after-noon’ and ponadstustronicowy ‘over-one-hundred-page’ built on phrasal bases subjected to suffixation. It is generally acknowledged that the Polish word-formation system is not designed to comprise phrasal compounding – a word-formation type which has come to be considered a flagship representative of the morphology-syntax interface (see Szymanek 2017 and Pafel 2017). Nevertheless, one may come across a number of Polish word-formation patterns, such as the class of nouns derived from PPs (e.g. nausznik ‘earmuff’ [[naP uszyN]PP -nik]N) or synthetic compound words (e.g. bydłobójnia ‘abattoir’ [[bydłN-o-bójV]VP -nia]N) which should clearly be considered legitimate members of the global “syntax-inside-morphology” community (see Kolbusz-Buda 2019a). In what follows, we want to argue that Polish dephrasal adjectives should be recognised as a case of morphology-syntax interplay on a par with the already attested cross-linguistic material. The phrasal character of the Polish data to be discussed in this study is so strong that researching this sui generis type of derivation seems not only a valid linguistic undertaking but also one with important implications. The study may have far-reaching consequences for the descriptive adequacy of the Polish word-formation system and point to new directions in the discussion on the morphology-syntax interface. The morphological structure of the adjectives to be discussed will be juxtaposed with the class of Polish compounds proper, in particular, synthetic compounds – a word-formation type which can be considered the closest in its morphological make-up to the presented material. Offering such a comparative perspective seems necessary as the adjectives to which we choose to refer as products of dephrasal suffixation are casually classified as compounds. Moreover, although Polish does not note any cases of phrasal compounding, the morphological structure of the adjectives in question will be additionally examined to discover potential parallels between the two word-formation types. The reason behind this undertaking is two-fold. Firstly, as has already been mentioned, dephrasal adjectives are classified as compounds; secondly, they contain a phrasal unit. In our analysis, we draw on a revised version of the Lexical Integrity Hypothesis, i.e. Lieber and Scalise’s (2007) Firewall Theory, which belongs to the current of the so-called mixed models of word-formation advanced in the recent years by, for instance, Ackema and Neeleman 2004 and Pafel 2017, allowing for a limited intermodular interaction between morphological and syntactic domains.

scholarly journals Types of linguistic means of influence in the election programs of candidates for the post of the President of Ukraine: on the material of the 2019 elections

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Rhetorical Question ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Rhetorical Questions ◽  
Descriptive Names ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article analyzes the types of linguistic means of influence in the election programs of candidates for the post of President of Ukraine in 2019, used to establish or retain power and manipulate public consciousness and voter behavior. The following types of linguistic means of influence are distinguished: evaluative vocabulary, phraseological units, ideological clichés, metaphors, precedent phenomena, paraphrases, repetitions, gradation, rhetorical questions. It has been proven that evaluative vocabulary occupies a leading place among linguistic means of influence, creates a positive or negative assessment of an event or person. They attract attention and accurately express an emotionally expressive thought phraseological units, of which they have been modified. Ideological clichés are a means of stereotyping the voter's thinking. The emotionality of the presentation is greatly enhanced by the political metaphor. In the election programs of 2019, the following types of metaphors are recorded: a metaphor of illness, a metaphor of collapse, a metaphor of a prison, a metaphor of space, a metaphor of welfare. Indirect names in the programs turned out to be solitary, descriptive names – periphrases, as well as precedent phenomena. Repetition is a useful means of persuading and instilling ideas in voters, used to highlight the main thesis of the program, the depiction of problems that threaten voters. The use of gradation helps the politician to highlight the complexity of the existing problem and convey to the electorate that only this politician can solve it. A rhetorical question is another means of activating voters' attention, the main function of which is to induce voters to think and search for an answer to the question posed. Among the graphic means, the abnormal use of a capital letter to underline the most important lexeme (lexemes) and the use of quotation marks to change the nature of the assessment were recorded. A characteristic feature of the linguistic content of election programs is the layering of several different types of linguistic means, which has an expressive manipulative effect, creates the desired impression, evokes appropriate thoughts and encourages voting.

scholarly journals Specific language of Russian Internet poetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-242
Author(s):  
Julija V Bartosh
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Mass Literature ◽  
Vocabulary Word ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article analyses the linguistic means of modern Internet poetry having millions of readers and actively developing on the Internet. Being a kind of mass literature, the Internet poetry “complicates linguistic reality”, influencing the literary language “by virtue of its mass character” (Solganik, 2010). Therefore, the study of such “alternative” art seems relevant: it can later become the material for a new poetic theory becoming urgent nowadays. The author took as the material for the study poetic websites (“Stihi.ru”, “Izba-Chitalnya”, etc.) and thematic groups in social networks (“Rifmach”, “Filashki”, “Artichoke”, etc.). The purpose of the article is to identify the specificity of the language of the Internet poetry, analyze cases of unconventional use of language means in modern Internet poetry. Undoubtedly, not only Internet authors are looking for new forms and methods, but it is the Internet poets who consciously violate all the norms - the norms of versification, of the language, of text structure in order to reveal the potential of the language. The study revealed a lot of experiments with genres and language tools, for example in the graphic design of the text (for instance, graphic symbols in an unconventional function), in specific features of vocabulary, word formation, morphology and syntax.

scholarly journals MEANS OF EMOTIVITY EXPRESSION IN THE TUVAN LANGUAGE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DIMINUTIVES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 813-819
Author(s):  
Ch.S. Tsybenova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Emotional Aspect ◽  
External Context ◽  
Emotional Meaning ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Dimensional Adjectives ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is devoted to the specifics of the emotional aspect in language. The author considers diminutives of the Tuvan language as linguistic means having emotional expression. The research material shows that diminutives, except their main meaning, can transmit different emotional and expressive significations. The primary way of diminutive word formation in the Tuvan language is an affixation. Diminutives formed with the help of dimensional adjectives and their combinations also have an emotional meaning. It is noted that in semantics of diminutives the positive emotional signification is the most clearly manifested together with affixes of belonging and is closely related to semantics of the derived stem. It is revealed that the negative emotional connotation primarily depends on communicative situation, on general meaning of the statement. Therefore, formation of diminutives’ emotional meaning in the Tuvan language is influenced by conditions of internal and external context.

scholarly journals Lexical features of color naming in various linguocultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-C) ◽  
pp. 605-612
Author(s):  
Natalia N. Olomskaya ◽  
Regina V. Patyukova ◽  
Elena N. Luchinskaya ◽  
Marina M. Tsaturyan ◽  
Marina V. Bezrukavaya
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Academic Courses ◽  
Language Students

This paper focuses on studying the lexical features of color designations in English and Russian, as color vocabulary has differences in word formation, associations, the richness of meanings, and stylistic features. The methodological basis of the study comprises works of such domestic and foreign researchers as E. V. Krapivnik, V. G. Kulpina, S. G. Shafikov, G. V. Struchalina, B. Berlin, and others. The Russian and English language students will understand better the linguistic and cultural specifics of color designations in fiction texts. The outcomes of this work will help in preparing academic courses in English and Russian Stylistics, Lexicology, and Translation Studies. This work will help students and all those who study Russian and Russian languages better understand the linguistic and cultural specifics of color meanings in texts of artistic orientation. The work results will help to prepare courses on the stylistics of the English and Russian languages, Lexicology, and Translation Studies.

The Onomasiological Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Fernández-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Semantic Component ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
Prague School ◽  
Morphological Research ◽  
Subordinate Role ◽  
Linguistic Material

The onomasiological approach is a theoretical framework that emphasizes the cognitive-semantic component of language and the primacy of extra-linguistic reality in the process of naming. With a tangible background in the functional perspective of the Prague School of Linguistics, this approach believes that name giving is essentially governed by the needs of language users, and hence assigns a subordinate role to the traditional levels of linguistic description. This stance characterizes the onomasiological framework in opposition to other theories of language, especially generativism, which first tackle the form of linguistic material and then move on to meaning. The late 20th and early 21st centuries have witnessed the emergence of several cognitive-onomasiological models, all of which share an extensive use of semantic categories as working units and a particular interest in the area of word-formation. Despite a number of divergences, such proposals all confront mainstream morphological research by heavily revising conventional concepts and introducing model-specific terminology regarding, for instance, the independent character of the lexicon, the (non-)regularity of word-formation processes, or their understanding of morphological productivity. The models adhering to such a view of language have earned a pivotal position as an alternative to dominant theories of word-formation.

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