Achievement Motivation Scores and Biographical Variables Associated with Marital Status of High School Graduates (1907–1967)

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1231-1236
Author(s):  
Darryl E. Matter
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Single Variable ◽  
Married Men

A discriminant analysis suggested significant biographical and motivational differences between 7 single and 41 married women (but not men, ns = 4 and 54) who graduated from a small midwestern high school between the years of 1907 and 1967. In profile, single women were younger and better educated but reported fewer honors and expressed lower achievement motivation scores than married women. No single variable statistically differentiated single and married men. Correlational analysis showed predictable relationships between biographical variables for married and single men but less so for women.

scholarly journals Age and Sex-Related Associations Between Marital Status, Physical Activity and TV Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Gustavo Cavazzotto ◽  
Natã Gomes de Lima Stavinski ◽  
Marcos Roberto Queiroga ◽  
Michael Pereira da Silva ◽  
Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to identify the age and sex-related associations between marital status with PA and TV time. We used data from Vigitel, an annual telephone survey started in 2006 in Brazil. We applied a complex sample logistic regression model to estimate the odds for PA and TV time comparing marital statuses according to age and sex subgroups, independent of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, self-assessed poor health, and smoking. Our sample included 561,837 individuals with a TV time > 3 h/day (prevalence = 25.2%) and PA > 150 min/week (prevalence = 35%). Compared to single individuals, married men and women were less likely to watch TV more than 3 h/day in participants > 30 years old. When compared to single, married participants were less likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week at younger age groups. Married women older than 40 years were more likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week than the single ones, while there were no differences among married men by age group. In conclusion, married individuals are less likely to spend more than 3 hours a day watching TV than single individuals. Single men and women were more likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week at younger age groups and married women older than 40 years were more likely to do 150 min of PA/week than single women.

Forecasting the Effects of a Negative Income Tax Program

ILR Review ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry R. Johnson ◽  
John H. Pencavel
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Negative Income ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Supply Functions ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Negative Income Tax

This paper outlines a scheme that forecasts the change in net earnings or in hours worked that results from the introduction of a negative income tax (NIT) program. The authors illustrate this scheme by estimating labor supply functions for married men, married women, and single women who participated in the Seattle-Denver Income Maintenance Experiments. These functions are then used to simulate the effects of several NIT programs. The findings suggest that changes in the wage rate of an individual covered by an NIT program result in important changes in the hours of work of the individual's spouse.

Longevity of High School Graduates (1907–1967) from Biographical, Demographic, and Motivational Data

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl E. Matter
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Living Group

This study reports the relationships between certain biographical, demographic, and motivational variables and longevity of 108 graduates (1907 to 1967) from a small Kansas high school. The early deceased individuals ( n = 10) were older, better educated, reported more honors, had slightly lower achievement motivation scores, and had more boys but fewer girls and slightly more children on the average, than the yet living group ( n = 98). Variables which predicted specific causes of death (cancer and heart attack victims) included the number and sex of children and achievement motivation scores.

High School Graduates' Achievement Motivation and the Prediction of the Economic Development of a Small Midwestern Community from 1907 to 1967

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl E. Matter
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
High Achievement ◽  
Low Achievement ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Individual Achievement ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored the relationship between achievement motivation and economic development in a small midwestern community; specifically, the study investigates the following question: Is remaining in a community or moving away a function of congruency between individual achievement motivation and the stage of the community's development? For this community, the answer seems a qualified “yes.” When the community was “achieving,” those high school graduates with high achievement motivation tended to remain in the community; those with low achievement motivation moved away. The reverse was found when the community became stable and then declined.

Achievement Motivation in High School Graduates (1907–1967) and Occupational Correlates

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1271-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl E. Matter
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Occupational Level ◽  
Employed Women

This study reported the relationships between achievement motivation, educational and occupational attainments, and honors won for graduates of a small midwestern high school between the years of 1907 and 1967. Men tended to achieve more formal education and slightly higher occupational status than did women and more honors. Mean achievement motivation was similar and correlated .43 with occupational status for employed women but not men, .27, .35 with years of formal education beyond high school for men and women, and —.43 with year of graduation for women. Occupational level correlated .40s with honors for men, and years of formal education for men and employed women. Women experienced a decline both in achievement motivation and occupational status; earlier graduates expressed higher motivation and entered higher status occupations.

scholarly journals “She is a Spinster”: a Descriptive Study on Perception Toward Single Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Nanik . ◽  
Mareyke M.W. Taira ◽  
Wiwin Hendriani
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Negative Impression ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

The aim of this research was to explore perception toward single women, according to respondents from 4 different subject groups. Exploration on topic was intriguing to be further researched, considering that the percentage of single women had been increasing in numerous countries, but the discussion was lacking, especially in Indonesia. Respondents in this study were Indonesian single or married men and women aged 25-70 years. Respondents were gathered through purposive incidental sampling (N = 128) and consisted of 41 single women, 49 married women, 13 single men, and 25 married men. An open-ended questionnaires constructed by the first author was used as measurement tools. Respondents were tasked to mention perceived positive and negative impression toward single women. Data gathered underwent two analysis stages. The first part was a descriptive content analysis and the second stage was a descriptive statistical analysis comparing means from one-way ANOVA. Statistical analysis showed significant result (average p < .05) when comparing means of positive and negative perception based on demographic statistics. Results showed significant negative perception and strong labeling toward single women although there were also significant positive perceptions. Negative and positive perceptions of single women tend to be universal from several generations of adults.  

scholarly journals Childlessness among women of reproductive age in Serbia from a demographic perspective

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2-2
Author(s):  
Goran Penev ◽  
Biljana Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Childless Women ◽  
The Postponement

The social, economic, and cultural changes that have taken place in Europe in the past few decades in the field of fertility have been accompanied by an increase in permanent childlessness. The childlessness level among women born in 1968 is 12% in Serbia, slightly below the European average (14%). The aim of this paper is to explore in more detail the level of childlessness in Serbia and the characteristics of women aged 15-49 without live births. Changes in childlessness over a 60-year period (1961-2020) by five-year age groups were analysed. The basic characteristics of childless women of reproductive age by education, marital status, and age were observed from 1991 to 2011. The paper is based on census and vital statistics data. The authors introduce two new indicators of childlessness: the general childlessness rate (GChR) as the share of women without live births in the total female population aged 15-49, and the age-specific childlessness rate (ASChR) as the percentage of childless women by age. Changes in cumulative fertility rates by age were less influenced by the reproductive behaviour of mothers and much more by an increase in the proportion of childless women. The general childlessness rate until 1991 was relatively stable in Serbia. Since then, it has increased intensely (from 30.1% in 1991 to 41.6% in 2011, and 43.4% in 2020). The increase in childlessness is largely a consequence of the postponement of first births, but also of the increase in permanent childlessness among women aged 45-49. The postponement of first births has occured in all age groups and the ASChR has increased across the board. In Serbia, in 2020, the ASChR reached record values for all five-year age groups (36.5% for women aged 30-34, 21.4% for ages 35-39), as did the level of permanent childlessness (13.8% for ages 45-49). The paper also analyses childlessness by education and marital status. According to census data (1991, 2002, and 2011), the general childlessness rate is lowest among women without any formal education and those who haven?t completed primary school, and highest among women with a primary education. Childlessness rates are particularly high among women in their thirties and forties. The influence of marital status on the level of childlessness was also confirmed. The GChR of single women was at least 10 times higher than the value for ever married women. The GChR ranged from 96% to 89% for single women and invariably slightly above 8% for ever married women. The results of direct standardization showed the greater importance of the changes that occurred between 1991 and 2011 by education and marital status of women aged 15-49 on the childlessness level, as well as their completely opposite effects compared to those caused by the change in the age structure. The large impact of changes in marital structure also indicates the possibility of a certain influence on reducing childlessness in Serbia. As the decreasein marriage is not accompanied by a higher prevalence of stable extramarital unions, it?s possible that the creation of more favourable circumstances for an independent life for young people and for forming a union could contribute to reducing the postponement of childbearing, and thus reducing childlessness during and at the end of the reproductive age. This is especially important considering that family and children are highly valued in Serbia. It should be noted that the high and growing shares of women without children in the 30-34 and 35-39 age groups limit the possibilities of reducing permanent childlessness, particularly in the near future.

The Association of Marriage and MBA Earnings

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Married Women ◽  
General Manager ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Stable Employment ◽  
Work Stability ◽  
Single Men

Sex differences in MBA careers were investigated to test three hypotheses: (1) men will advance in management more than women, (2) women will show more emotional reaction to career stress than men, (3) single women will progress more equally to single men than will be true for married women compared to married men. All three of the hypotheses were supported. Men earned more. In 1990 Kazal-Thresher found starting sex segregation by industry and occupation to explain some differences in earnings. Men worked longer hours, had more stable employment, achieved a general manager position more frequently, and had higher job satisfaction than women. Women, especially married women, expressed more frustration about careers than did men. Single women were not significantly different from single men in earnings, hours of work, stability of employment, and job satisfaction. Single women did not achieve a position as general manager as frequently as did single men.

scholarly journals Gambaran Tingkat Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Pemilik Rumah Sarang Burung Walet di Desa Topoyo Kecamatan Topoyo

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Roswita Yunirna ◽  
Muhammad Nur Zakariah Leo ◽  
Uca Sideng
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Welfare Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Collecting Techniques

This study aims at 1) Knowing the level of welfare of swallow's nest owners 2) Knowing the level of development of swallow's nest business 3) Knowing the management of swallow nest houses. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The area that is the object of research is Topoyo Village, Topoyo District, Mamuju Tengah Regency. The population in this study were all swallow nest owners, namely 10 heads of families. Data collecting techniques are carried out through observation, interview and documentation techniques. The results showed that swallow nest owners were generally productive 30-39 years old and all male sexes with marital status were married and the level of education of the average swallow nest homeowner was junior and senior high school graduates. 1) Revenue of the owner of the bird's nest wallet Didesa Topoyo Topoyo Subdistrict Central Mamuju Regency through the indicator of welfare level according to BPS, in 2005 high income that is equal to> 10,000,000 / month or> 120,000,000 / year, based on sales respondents income from swallow nest, namely 13,000,000, - / kg in the harvest period 3-4 times per year as much as> 6 kg in one harvest period or> 234,000,000, - 312,000,000. 2) Increasing the welfare of swallow nest owners can be seen from before and after establishing a swallow nest house, namely. There are (2) respondents who have to pay the loan in the form of installments to the bank so that they have not shown their level of welfare from swallow birds. which causes air pollution and noise pollution.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mengetahui tingkat kesejahteraan pemilik sarang wallet, 2) Mengetahui tingkat pengembangan bisnis sarang wallet, 3) Mengetahui pengelolaan rumah sarang walet. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Daerah yang menjadi objek penelitian adalah Desa Topoyo, Kecamatan Topoyo, Kabupaten Mamuju Tengah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pemilik sarang walet, yaitu 10 kepala keluarga. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemilik sarang walet umumnya berusia produktif 30-39 tahun dan semua jenis kelamin laki-laki dengan status perkawinan sudah menikah dan tingkat pendidikan rata-rata pemilik sarang walet adalah lulusan SMP dan SMA. 1) Pendapatan pemilik dompet sarang burung Didesa Topoyo Topoyo Top Kabupaten Mamuju Tengah melalui indikator tingkat kesejahteraan menurut BPS, pada tahun 2005 pendapatan tinggi yang sama dengan> 10.000.000 / bulan atau> 120.000.000 / tahun, berdasarkan responden penjualan Penghasilan dari sarang walet, yaitu 13.000.000, - / kg pada periode panen 3-4 kali per tahun sebanyak> 6 kg dalam satu periode panen atau> 234.000.000, - 312.000.000. 2) Meningkatkan kesejahteraan pemilik sarang walet dapat dilihat dari sebelum dan sesudah membangun rumah sarang walet, yaitu. Ada (2) responden yang harus membayar pinjaman dalam bentuk angsuran ke bank sehingga mereka belum menunjukkan tingkat kesejahteraan mereka dari burung walet. yang menyebabkan polusi udara dan polusi suara.

scholarly journals Women Farmers and Agricultural Innovation: Marital Status and Normative Expectations in Rural Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9847
Author(s):  
Lone Badstue ◽  
Patti Petesch ◽  
Cathy Rozel Farnworth ◽  
Lara Roeven ◽  
Mahlet Hailemariam
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Effective Use

Sustainable agricultural development depends on female and male smallholders being effective farmers. This includes the ability to access or control resources and make the best decisions possible agro-ecologically, economically, and socially. Traditionally, gendered studies on innovation practice focus on female- versus male-headed households. In this paper, we focus on married women in acknowledged male-headed households and women heading their own households to examine how marital status influences women’s capacity to innovate in their rural livelihoods. Using data from eight community case studies in Ethiopia, we used variable-oriented and contextualized case-oriented analysis to understand factors which promote or constrain women’s innovative capacities. We use Kabeer’s Resources–Agency–Achievements framework to structure our findings. Single women are more likely to own land and experience control over their production decisions and expenditures than married women, but engage in considerable struggle to obtain resources that should be theirs according to the law. Even when land is secured, customary norms often hamper women’s effective use of land and their ability to innovate. Still, some single women do succeed. Married women can innovate successfully provided they are in a collaborative relationship with their husbands. Finally, we find that gender-based violence limits women’s achievements. The article concludes with recommendations.

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