scholarly journals The Influence of Disruptive Technologies on the Preparation of the National Economy and of the Territory for Defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Gabriel Mănescu ◽  
Sebastian-Emanuel Stan

Abstract The paper reviews the main factors relevant to the preparation of the economy and territory for defense as well as the main developments of military applications of disruptive technologies. The brief presentation of some of these technologies, as well as the exemplification with certain data regarding their use, come to outline the need to constantly adapt defense policies to the new trends in this field.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
A. L. Poltarykhin ◽  
◽  
M. A. Ponomarev ◽  
S. V. Nikolaev ◽  
◽  
...  

The article discusses increasing the competitiveness of the national economy based on the creation of an innovation system. One of the main factors in increasing competitiveness is the innovative development of economic entities. The lag in innovative development prevents the emergence of technological industries within the country and restrains the socio-economic development of the national economic system.


In this chapter, a general overview of innovation (definition and typologies) is presented based on economics and management of innovation literature. Since the pioneering work of Schumpeter (1934, 1942), a growing body of literature has concentrated on technological change in industries. Technology is one of the main factors shaping environmental conditions of firms. The dynamics of innovation and technology may require several approaches to be analyzed. Innovation in various sectors is driven by standards and/or patents and other Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Standards and patents are helpful for tracking globalization patterns. The current digital economy is characterized by fierce patents and standards battles. Standards and patents are helpful for tracking globalization patterns. The increasing development of Internet traffic and some of the key enabling technologies for the new digital economy called disruptive technologies are introduced.


Author(s):  
Svitlana Onyshchenko ◽  
Alina Hlushko ◽  
Oleksandra Maslii

The article addresses the problem of increasing the national economy energy efficiency level. Analysis of the regulatory framework for the implementation of state policy towards ensuring energy efficiency of the Ukrainian economy is carried out. A dynamic analysis of a number of indicators for the state economic development in the context of determining the state and potential of energy efficiency of the national economy is characterized. A low degree of practical implementation of state measures on energy conservation and energy efficiency is noted. The main factors of restraining the national economy energy efficiency development are identified and a number of measures to increase its level are suggested.


Author(s):  
Svetlana Trunova ◽  
Marcin Chciałowski ◽  
Paulina Stolarczyk ◽  
Paulina Trębska

The main purpose of the article is to assess the share of agriculture in the national economy of Russia and the designation of the main factors determining the development of agriculture in this country. The importance of agriculture in the Russian economy is relatively small, which is a characteristic feature of developed economies (about 4% of GDP). However, agriculture represents a significant share in the structure of the employed – 9.2%. The use of agriculture as a food self-sufficiency has become essential after imposing embargo on imported products. Russia as a country has a large area of land. The surface of the used agricultural land after the fall in the 90s has stabilised at the level of 800 thous. km2. At the same time intensified agricultural production has resulted in increase of performance and larger crops. A significant potential of the land, as well as a progressive technological movement is an opportunity for the development of agriculture in Russia.


Author(s):  
Nadezhda Vladimirovna Prisyazhnaya

Information is the cornerstone of the development of a person, social group, and society as a whole. In modern conditions, information plays a key role in all spheres of the national economy, and its timely search and analysis is fundamentally important. The mass of information on the Internet includes data that meet various (sometimes paradoxical) user requests and, at the same time, when accessing virtual resources, the key problem is often the redundancy of links and the difficulty of finding information that is strictly relevant to the user’s request. The article provides an overview of approaches to organizing the search for necessary information in the continuum of the information space; it is emphasized that success in finding the necessary information is determined by two main factors (conditions): the correct, clear formulation of the search query and knowledge of search engines and search tools.


Author(s):  
A. V. Lebedev ◽  
◽  
E. A. Razumovskaya ◽  

An attempt is made to analyze the Russian financial system based on the existing international OECD methodology according to the Central Bank of Russia. The modern controversial views on the concepts of the impact of the financial system on economic growth, existing in the world financial science, are presented. The fundamental theories of economic growth in the format of production functions and the author’s interpretation of macroeconomic identity are presented; the role of labor and capital in economic growth, as the main factors subject to qualitative changes to the greatest extent, is noted. As an intermediate result for the analysis of the financial system of the Russian Federation, a coefficient is proposed that allows one to potentially analyze the influence of the qualitative characteristics of the state of the financial system on the socio-economic development of the national economy. The hypothesis about the influence of the financial system on the state of the national economy has been confirmed.


Author(s):  
Ірина Михайлівна Зборина

Formulation of the problem. Analysis of competitiveness factors and identification of mechanisms for managing competitiveness in the modern digital economy, both at the enterprise level and at the national economy level, is a necessary tool for today's changing economic environment. The purpose of the article is to investigate trends and factors that determine the competitiveness of the national economy in the context of digitalization. The object of the study is the digital economy as a medium for forming the competitiveness of the national economy. Methods used in the study. System approach, structural-logical and statistical analysis, generalization. The hypothesis of the study. Competitiveness factors are being transformed as part of the development of the digital economy. Statement of the main material. Distinctive features of the digital economy are formulated as key factors of economic competitiveness at both the micro and macro levels. The world experience in developing state policy in the field of digital economy demonstrates a keen understanding of the need to use digital economy tools to increase the level of national competitiveness. The analysis of the directions of the policy of digitalization of the economy of the Republic of Belarus allowed us to state certain, but insufficient, efforts of the government to form a holistic approach to digitalization at all levels of government. Originality and practical value. Transformation of competitiveness factors in the digital economy, identification of a number of competitive trends and the main factors of success in digitalization as factors of competitiveness. Conclusions. The main factors of success in digitalization are properly organized state policy, increased interest from the industrial sector, and their competent interaction, taking into account the specifics of the goals of each of the agents.


2020 ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Maria Saraiva

This article examines the more obscure dimensions of the use of Artificial Intelligence systems in Defense, with a particular focus on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Based on the need to regulate these disruptive technologies in military applications, this paper defends the preventive prohibition of these armaments and makes proposals for a global regulation of the use of Artificial Intelligence in military strategy. The article argues that autonomous systems aggravate the difficulties in managing the instruments of armed violence, which may undermine the foundations of strategy. It also defends the need to promote a global arms control architecture, taking into account that today it is already possible to use Artificial Intelligence applications in all military operational domains and that these are increasingly interrelated.


2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Amni Haji Abd Razak ◽  
Mohd Nadzri Jaafar

Tourism industry is one of the major contributors to the national economy and it is closely related to the development of the hotel industry. Improvement of sub sectors accommodation (hotel) is often related to the increase of tourists to Malaysia. The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of tourism on demand of hotel room type and its tariff. In addition, tourists’ behaviours were observed to understand demand of hotel room type because they contribute to the development of hotel industry. Four main factors were chosen as the main factors before choosing a hotel that are price, location, facility and accessibility. These factors were analyse using two methods that are descriptive analysis and multidimensional scalling analysis. The result of this analysis showed that tourist chose 2- star hotels and below as their preferred accommodation. Apart from that, this research further analyse hotel room tariff for the hotel type that was chosen by tourists using simple linear regression. This is useful as a simple guideline for hotel industry. 


Author(s):  
John R. Devaney

Occasionally in history, an event may occur which has a profound influence on a technology. Such an event occurred when the scanning electron microscope became commercially available to industry in the mid 60's. Semiconductors were being increasingly used in high-reliability space and military applications both because of their small volume but, also, because of their inherent reliability. However, they did fail, both early in life and sometimes in middle or old age. Why they failed and how to prevent failure or prolong “useful life” was a worry which resulted in a blossoming of sophisticated failure analysis laboratories across the country. By 1966, the ability to build small structure integrated circuits was forging well ahead of techniques available to dissect and analyze these same failures. The arrival of the scanning electron microscope gave these analysts a new insight into failure mechanisms.


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