scholarly journals Model Pendekatan Perjuangan Emansipasi R.A.Kartini dari Perspektif Perjuangan Kesetaraan Gender Dewasa Ini (Sebuah Kajian Kepustakaan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Putu Mahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Cultural Constructs ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
Family And Marriage ◽  
Gender Based

Raden Ajeng (R.A.) Kartini has been known as an Indonesian women’s emancipation fighter. In addition, R.A.Kartini is also known as the pioneer of the Indonesian nationalist movement, hence the state has appointed him a national independence hero (Moedjanto, 1983: IV). R.A.Kartini emancipation struggle is not done in a physical struggle, but done through the struggle of his thoughts or ideas. This paper reveals the emancipation struggle approach model R.A. Kartini from the perspective of the struggle for gender equality today (a literary review). To understand this problem, gender analysis is used as an analytical tool to understand the social realities of gender-differentiated relations between men and women. The concept of emancipation is not much different from the concept of struggle of gender equality known today, these two concepts aims to fight for the rights of women with men to be equal and equal in accordance with the context of the ability of each individual. Gender itself is a concept that refers to men and women who are distinguished not biologically or naturally but are distinguished on the basis of social and cultural constructs. Thus, both men’s and women’s societies can create, socialize, reinforce gender-based differences, so long as gender differences do not create injustice between men and women no matter the need to be sued, but the issue is when gender differences are constructed social and cultural causes of gender injustice that harm both men, especially for women (Fakih, 1999: 12). In connection With this there are several issues that need to be studied, among others: 1. How to model the approach to emancipation struggle R.A.Kartini in advancing the education of women? 2. How is the approach model of R.A.Kartini emancipation struggle fostering equality in family and marriage? 3. How does the emancipation struggle approach model of R.A.Kartini foster equality in improving the welfare of the people? All these issues will be examined from the perspective of today’s gender equality struggle.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards Gender Equality of Government Institution´s Workers in Southeastern Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Gabriela Isabel Pérez-Aranda ◽  
Paulina Ramos-Antonio ◽  
Sinuhé Estrada-Carmona ◽  
Liliana García-Reyes ◽  
Miguel Angel Tuz-Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Institution ◽  
Egalitarian Attitudes

The objective of this research was to analyze if there are differences between the Institutions of Social and Public Security Assistance and between men and women who work for the government of the State of Campeche, southeastern Mexico. This article uses a quantitative methodology; For this, the Questionnaire "Attitudes towards Gender Equality" (CAIG) was applied, which was prepared by Amelia Sola, Isabel Martínez Bellonch and José Luis Meliá (2003), validated in a Mexican sample by Olga Marfil Herrera (2006) with an alpha of Cronbach's .885. The sample was composed of 212 people, 79 women and 133 men, six factors were evaluated. The Student's t-test revealed that there are significant differences; the Social Assistance Institutions present greater egalitarian attitudes as does the group of women. Meanwhile, the percentiles show these egalitarian attitudes at a medium level. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to compare groups revealed regarding religion, there are significant differences between the Christian, the Catholic and the people who claim to have no religious beliefs; Catholics are those who present a more favorable attitude towards gender equality.

Hidden Fissures and Epidemics in Plain Sight: The Common Paths of Syphilis and HIV in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-142
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Closed Door ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

The paper examines and compares two epidemics in Russia: syphilis in the first quarter of 20th century and HIV in the early 21st century. The author considers both epidemics from the standpoint of the social sciences by applying the concept of vulnerability to underline the social and cultural factors that cause one social group to be more susceptible to a disease than another. The article focuses on gender-based vulnerability and maintains that both epidemics follow a single, structurally similar scenario. The author shows that the vulnerability of women during both the syphilis and HIV epidemics depends upon the clear continuity in the way gender roles and expectations and the relationships between men and women were structured during the early days of the USSR and in present-day Russia. The article analyzes how stigma arises and how in both eras inequality of power and expectations for men and women formed the main channel for transmission of disease. The paths along which modern epidemics spread have been mostly inherited from the epidemics of past centuries, and in particular the HIV epidemic is following a pattern derived from the syphilis epidemic. More precisely, the current epidemics exploit the same vulnerability of certain groups, vulnerability rooted in the past and still manifest in the norms and relations in contemporary culture and society where one group is much more exposed than the other. The article relies on historical sources, in particular Lev Friedland"s book Behind a Closed Door: Observations of a Venereologist published in 1927, for its account of the syphilis epidemic in the early 20th century and on the author"s own research into the experience of women living with HIV in contemporary Russia.

scholarly journals Gender differences in perception of the appropriate maturity age for men and women: Age norms of reproduction-related life events between the social context and evolutionary foundations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Todosijević ◽  
Suzana Ignjatović
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Norms ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Social

Abstract The paper explores gender differences in the perception of appropriate age for reproduction-related life events. Evolutionary theory suggests that age norms are shaped by gender-specific evolutionary challenges. We tested two hypotheses based on the evolutionary rationale. Hypothesis 1 suggests that both men and women believe that women should reach maturity and experience reproduction-related life events earlier than men. Hypothesis 2 claims that men and women demonstrate this tendency asymmetrically. When women estimate the appropriate/ideal age for men, they suggest a higher appropriate age for men than men themselves. When men estimate the appropriate/ideal age for women, they suggest a younger age for women compared to women themselves. In the second part of the paper, we explored the background of these claims by testing the alternative explanations based on ‘social forces’ (culture, socio-economic status, education, age, values). The hypotheses were tested using the 9th wave of the ESS data, totaling around 47 thousand respondents and the sample of Balkan countries was analyzed in more detail. The appropriate age was measured using ‘ideal age’ as the concept which reflects the optimal timing expectations for reproduction-related events: living with a partner, marriage, and parenthood. Respondents were also asked to make judgments about the appropriate age of becoming an adult for men and women. The overall results supported the outlined expectations based on the evolutionary approach. The results did not provide convincing evidence for the alternative, non-evolutionary interpretation of the identified patterns.

scholarly journals The Pivotal Role of Women in Informal Care

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1348-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Bracke ◽  
Wendy Christiaens ◽  
Naomi Wauterickx
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course

Supporting and caring for each other are crucial parts of the social tissue that binds people together. In these networks, men and women hold different positions: Women more often care more for others, listen more to the problems of others, and, as kin keepers, hold families together. Is this true for all life stages? And are social conditions, among other things bound to the organization of work and family, an essential explanation of these differences? Data from the sixth wave (1997) of the Panel Study of Belgian Households allow us to answer these questions. The results show that women are the glue holding social relations together. They play a central role as friends, daughters, sisters, mothers, and grandmothers throughout all stages of the life course. Similar life commitments do not reduce these gender differences but instead emphasize them even further.

scholarly journals Gender Based Linguistic Variations in Urdu Language and Their Role in Suppression of Females

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
Rehana yasmin Anjum ◽  
Fakhra Amjad ◽  
Saira Yousaf ◽  
Faiza Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sexist Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Oriented Approach

Sociolinguistics deals with linguistic variations such as dialect, idiolect, genderlect, register etc. It deals with ways of using particular languages and the social roles of speakers of these languages.  It is the speaker-oriented approach. Genders have different characteristics in the use of language, which lead to the gender differences in language. The present study was conducted to analyze the gender-based linguistic variations (variations at discourse and communication level) in Urdu language. Deborah Tannen’s Genderlect theory is the theoretical Background of the study. She has presented six sets of language contrasts that are used as instrument to analyze male and female conversations. It is commonly believed that women language is more sophisticated, apologetic as compared to men. These differences are called gender preferential differences in a patriarchal society with their own fancies and whims. The hypothesis is that men and women have different ways of communicating, based on male and female perception of the world as they are made of different things and contrasting style. The qualitative paradigm used in this study. Direct observation, interview and tape recording are used as tools for the data collection. Recorded conversation has been transcribed and analyzed to provide data from which these issues have been discussed. The researcher has analyzed Urdu language conversation among Urdu speech community living specially in Sialkot, according to Tannen’s speech contrasts. The data was analyzed manually. The findings show that variations occur due to the use of various linguistic devices, style, topic of discussion, power etc. This study is limited to the Urdu speech community. The limitation of my research is that I observed the language of middle class Urdu speech community not the other classes. In this research, I only highlighted variations at communication level, and delimited all other variations such as morphological, syntactic, phonological variations. Future researchers can study these aspects. The study will benefit the whole society in creation of awareness about non-sexist language to give a psychological identity of females in Pakistan.

scholarly journals KONSTRUKSI GENDER DI PESANTREN (STUDI KUALITATIF PADA SANTRIWATI DI PESANTREN NURUL UMMAH MOJOKERTO)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Puji Laksono
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Construction Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Ideal

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami konstruksi gender diantara para santriwati Pesantren Nurul Ummah Mojokerto. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori konstruksi sosial dari Peter L. Berger dan Thomas Luckmann. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa (1) Konstruksi gender diantara santriwati bisa dikategorikan menjadi 3, pertama santriwati modernis yang menilai bahwa semua pekerjaan itu ideal untuk laki-laki maupun perempuan. Kedua, kategori santriwati modernis-tradisionalis yang menilai tidak semua pekerjaan ideal untuk laki-laku dan perempuan. Tetapi mereka tidak mempertanyakan adanya pertukaran peran antara laki-laki dan perempuan dalam batas tertentu. Ketiga, kategori santriwati tradisionalis, kategori ini tidak setuju dengan pertukaran peran antara laki-laki dan perempuan. (2) Pandangan terhadap kesetaraan gender diantara santriwati, beberapa setuju dan tidak setuju. Pertama santriwati modernis dan tradisionalis-modernis setuju dengan kesetaraan gender. Kedua, kategori santriwati tradisionalis tidak setuju dengan kesetaraan gender.Kata-kata kunci: Konstruksi Gender, Pesantren, Santriwati. Abstracts: The purpose of this research is to understand the gender construction among santriwati Pesantren Nurul Ummah Mojokerto. This study uses qualitative methods. The theory used is the social construction theory of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The results showed that (1). Gender construction among santriwati can be categorized into 3, first modernist santriwati who judge that all work is ideal for men and women. Secondly, the traditionalist-modernist santriwati category, which assesses not all the ideal work for men and women. But they do not question if there is a role exchange between men and women within certain limits. Thirdly, the traditionalist santriwati category, this category does not agree with the role exchange between men and women. (2). A view of gender equality among santriwati, some agree and disagree. First, the modernist and traditionalist-modernist santriwati agree with gender equality. Second, the traditionalist santriwati category does not agree with gender equality. Keywords: Gender Construction, pesantren, santriwati.

scholarly journals Sosialiasi Literasi Gender Bagi Pemuda-Pemudi Karang Taruna Kelurahan Cawang, Jakarta Timur

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-290
Author(s):  
Formas Juitan Lase ◽  
Mita Yesyca
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
Gender Awareness ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Almost All

Gender-based injustice and violence can be found around us, but they are often ignored. Meanwhile, gender equality—where men and women have the same appreciation and opportunity they need for self-development in various fields—is a sign of welfare society. Through this community service, the writers along with the students, want to see an increase in gender awareness which become a precondition of welfare society. With a community who are gender literate, there is a hope that gender equality will be able to be realised. Young men and women of the youth organisation in Cawang Village, East Jakarta, are chosen to start this community service. The result showed that almost all participants do not aware of gender-based injustice practices, although they have ever seen or even experienced it around them. Socialisation further is required so that participants not only know, but also understand and able to apply their knowledge in their family and surround environment.

Exploring the Logic of Gender Complementarity using Chimakonam’s Ezumezu System

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Eric Ndoma Besong
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Gender Complementarity ◽  
Males And Females

In this essay, I want to argue that the existence of gender most times translated as gender binary, is a biological fact. What is at stake is a framework for transcending unequal gender binary to gender complementarity. Here, I propose to use Chimakonam’s Ezumezu logic as a mechanism for disclosing gender complementarity. The illogical, irrational and subjective perspectives on lopsided gender  differences between men and women will be challenged in this essay. I will analyze the thrust of Ezumezu logic, its major principles, structures, and pillars of thought. I will also demonstrate its global and contextual relevance. I will submit that Ezumezu logic can ground gender complementarity across global cultures. I argue that regardless of the physical differences between males and females, it is illogical to exploit such differences to promote gender stereotype. Keywords: Gender equality, Ezumezu Logic, Gender Complementarity, Jonathan Chimakonam

Vive la Différence

2009 ◽  
pp. 2644-2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gefen ◽  
Nitza Geri ◽  
Narasimha Paravastu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

In the ITC cross-cultural literature, we often talk about the differences among peoples and how their respective culture and history may affect their adoption and preference usage patterns of ITC. However, do we really need to look that far to find such cross-cultural differences? Considering language is one of the major defining attributes of culture, this article takes a sociolinguistic approach to argue that there is also a cross-cultural aspect to ITC adoption within the same culture. Sociolinguists have claimed for years that, to a large extent, the communication between men and women, even within the supposedly same culture, has such characteristics because men and women communicate with different underlying social objectives and so their communication patterns are very different. This article examines this sociolinguistic perspective in the context of online courses. A key finding is that although the stage is set to smother cultural and gender differences if participants wish to do so through ITC, gender based cultural patterns still emerge. These differences were actually strong enough to allow us to significantly identify the gender of the student, despite the gender neutral context of the course discussions. Implications for ITC, in general, in view of this Vive la Différence, are discussed.

scholarly journals Avoiding interactional conflict in dementia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-34
Author(s):  
Jackie Guendouzi ◽  
Ashley Meaux ◽  
Nicole Müller
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Small Talk ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Tag Questions ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Social Use

Sociolinguistic research in the general population has established the existence of gender differences in the social use of language. In particular, it has been noted that women use more markers of politeness, small talk and structural devices (e.g. minimal responses, tag questions) to help maintain their conversations. Analysis of interactions involving people with dementia (PWD) suggests that these gender based differences were still present in the face of dementia. Furthermore, the use of these forms of language helped the women with dementia to avoid conflict and extend the length of their interactions. This study investigated whether the use of such language helped or hindered women with dementia in maintaining conversational satisfaction.

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