Improving the efficiency of oil refineries by developing the production of high-quality oils

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1264-1276
Author(s):  
Dmitrii V. BUN'KOVSKII
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
Petroleum Oil ◽  
Petroleum Oils

Subject. This article discusses the efficiency of Russian oil refining complexes at the present stage of the oil industry's development. Objectives. The article aims to consider reserves to improve the efficiency of petroleum oil production in Russia and describe some aspects of the domestic oil refining complexes' efficiency improvement. Methods. For the study, I used the systems analysis, observation, comparison, generalization, and the method of hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Results. Based on an analysis of the main advantages and disadvantages of alternative ways of producing high-quality petroleum oils, the article describes the possibilities and ways of modernizing the petroleum oil production. Conclusions. The considered ways of modernizing the production of petroleum oils will help improve the economic efficiency of Russian oil refineries through reducing the technological equipment operating costs and adding to the oil refining depth.

تقييم واقع صناعة تصفية النفط في العراق

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (67) ◽  
pp. 154-184
Author(s):  
دانية اياد جاسم ◽  
أ. د . فلاح خلف علي
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Strong Sector

The oil refining industry in Iraq is one of the industries of strategic importance, and what these industries have been subjected to destruction, obsolescence and neglect in a way that led to the deterioration of oil products in quantity and quality, and in a manner that is not commensurate with Iraq's capabilities in the field of daily crude oil production, as well as its incompatibility with laws and standards. In addition to the inability of these industries to achieve self-sufficiency and resort to closing the gap through imports. The study assumes that rebuilding the oil refineries in Iraq on modern foundations commensurate with international environmental laws and standards, will contribute to achieving self-sufficiency in high-quality oil products and open new horizons for the refining industry. The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which are the most important reasons for the decline in the production of refineries in Iraq, failure to implement investment projects for the oil refineries sector, reliance on old methods of liquidation, obsolescence of treatment units, neglect of maintenance and maintenance operations, and continuous stops due to the interruption of electrical current, and sabotage of some pipelines that transport crude oil to the refineries. The researcher recommended that the existence of a strong sector of refineries in Iraq capable of securing energy sources and achieving self-sufficiency, in addition to its ability to compete, that achieving this goal requires working on building new and modern refineries and rehabilitating old refineries to increase production capacities and obtain high-quality oil products to Iraq can compete in the global

A Review of Bio-Oil Production from Sewage Sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1909-1918
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Guan Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Treatment Alternative ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Microwave Pyrolysis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis

Bio-oil production from sewage sludge provides a potential sludge treatment alternative, which shows advantages in both sludge treatment and energy recovery. The related technologies to convert sludge into high quality fuel or synthesized bio-diesel have been widely studied recently. In this paper, major effective technologies of low temperature pyrolysis, direct thermochemical liquefaction, microwave pyrolysis and transesterification had been reviewed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Oil Industry in Kuban in 1928—1935: Problems and Factors of Production Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 384-397
Author(s):  
D. A. Salfetnikov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
Economic Ties

The question of the development of the oil industry in the Kuban regions in the late 1920s and in the first half of the 1930s is considered. Attention is paid to the state of oil production and oil refining at the end of the NEP, the reasons for the difficult situation in the oil industry. The results of a comparative analysis of the potential and activities of the corresponding Kuban refineries that were part of various oil trusts are presented. The classification of enterprises is proposed depending on their profile (oil production and oil refining) and production value. A review of the production life of these enterprises is carried out. Their role in the regional economy and in strengthening interregional economic ties is assessed. The relevance of the study is due to the need to consider the degree of participation of oil industry enterprises in the Kuban in solving important economic problems that go beyond this region. The situation in oil production and oil refining as an important segment of heavy industry located on the territory of an agricultural region is analyzed and reconstructed in the article. Questions are raised about the specifics of the development of the oil industry in the Kuban, about the form of subordination of its enterprises. Particular attention is paid to the problems of staffing, technical equipment of oil producing and oil refineries and their impact on the implementation of complex planned targets. It has been proved that the dynamics of the development of the Kuban oil-bearing regions and the development of oil refineries depended on the introduction of new drilling methods, on the intensification of exploitation of both developed and new oil-bearing regions.

Improvement of the System of Statistical Indicators of the State and Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
M. R. Еfimova ◽  
N. A. Korolkova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Statistical Indicators

The article proposes an improved system of statistical indicators for assessing the state and development of the fuel and energy complex of Russia, which defines a methodological approach to identifying factors and trends in its development. The introduction highlights the relevance of modernization of information and methodological support for reaching decisions on new tasks, including those related to the digitalization of the economy and implementation of the national projects’ portfolio. The body of the article critically examines the current configuration of official and departmental statistical information, based on which the authors selected 85 key indicators reflecting the state and development level of the fuel and energy complex of Russia. All of them can be delineated by sectors and analysis tasks. This evaluation system includes 7 blocks: general block characterizing the role of the fuel and energy complex in the economic system; key industry performance indicators; indicators of the production structure by industry; technological indicators of industries; prices for fuel and energy resources; production costs by industry; distribution indicators of fuel and energy resources. The paper analyses development trends in the fuel and energy sectors for 2008-2018. In particular, the authors’ research showed that modern oil production is characterized by a change in the territorial structure, as well as the reinstatement of the role of vertically integrated companies in the development of oil production. The article presents findings on the technological upgrading of Russian oil refining. However, the authors’ research proved that oil refining depth has ceased to be a reliable indicator of the level of technological equipment and modernization level of oil refineries. With regard to the development of the gas industry, there has been a steady increase in gas production, which is supported by maintaining a steady increase in demand for Russian gas in the domestic and foreign markets. The all-time high domestic consumer demand for gas fuel, associated with the Russian Regions Gasification Program implemented by the Ministry of Energy of Russia, was recorded. At the same time, the authors identified the main risk factors in the development of the industry related to Gazprom (a backbone of the energy sector) activities. The persistent positive growth dynamics in commodity production of associated petroleum gas was established. It was also noted that the highest percentage of its beneficial use is characteristic of operators of production sharing agreements. As for the results of the analysis of the coal industry, a matter of interest is the growth of domestic prices for coal products and related derivative trends. Particular attention is paid to the development of the possibilities of using over-the-counter coal price indicators. Replacement of coal with natural gas at a thermal power station in most regions of the country is of interest within the identified development trends of the electric power industry in Russia, which is explained by the environmental friendliness of electricity generation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Moving-Bed Catalytic Tar Hydrocracking Processes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kapustin ◽  
Elena Chernysheva ◽  
Roman Khakimov
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Vacuum Residue ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Liquid Products

In recent years, there has been a trend in the global oil industry to improve the proportion of heavy high-sulfur crude oils in the total volume of extracted and processed resources, reserves of which are estimated at over 800 billion metric tons. Therefore, the main line of oil refining is processing of heavy crudes and residua to allow maximum use of the hydrocarbon potential and yield of high-margin products. Hydrogenation processes of heavy raw materials are most attractive in terms of product quality. This article analyzes tar hydrocracking processes that are either in operation or at the stage of full-scale testing. These include Veba Combi-Cracker (VCC), Uniflex, suspended-bed catalyst hydrocracking (ENI), and vacuum residue hydroconversion (TIPS RAS). These technologies use heterogeneous catalysts and are designed to obtain the largest possible amount of liquid products. This article discusses the features of each technology, highlights their advantages and disadvantages, shows the main approaches to process management, and speculates about the development of these technologies. Tar refining is a major process in heavy oil upgrading, and the development of efficient tar-processing methods will influence refinery configurations and management.

The Nesting and Marking of Ship Parts Cut from Steel Plate

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Harry Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Plasma Cutting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cutting Processes ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Hull Construction

The methods presently used by U.S. shipbuilders for preparing, nesting and marking plate parts are discussed. The use of existing computer technology is explored as a means for improving these operations by conserving plate and reducing operating costs. Appendices are included which list the advantages and disadvantages of both the oxy-flame and plasma cutting processes, the use of special sized plate in hull construction, and the basic features of a computerized parts nesting system.

scholarly journals Teknologi Tepat Guna Pemurnian Minyak Kelapa Tradisional Di Desa Mengkalang Jambu Kabupaten Kubu Raya Kalimantan Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-489
Author(s):  
Maherawati ◽  
Iman Suswanto
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Rancid Odor ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Respondent Group ◽  
Quality Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Traditional coconut oil has the potential to be developed into commercial oil. These community service activities are a) coconut oil production practices, b) introduction of coconut oil refining technology and c) assessment of people's perceptions of coconut oil production. The variables used are the process of making oil, product quality, technology transfer and people's motivation to make oil. Questionnaire data were analyzed with contingencies to show the close relationship between variables and community groups. The results of the activity showed that there were two ways of making traditional coconut oil, using fresh coconut milk and fermented coconut milk. The resulting oil is crude coconut oil with a characteristic rancid odor, dark color and not durable. The process of oil production is a variable that shows real differences between young and old groups, while other variables are not significantly different. As many as 75% of young group respondents stated that the process of making coconut oil at a somewhat difficult to difficult level. The close relationship between the respondent group and the process of making coconut oil has high accuracy, which is 0.64. Improving coconut oil manufacturing techniques with the refining process can be one way to improve quality and efforts to support the commercialization of traditional coconut oil.

scholarly journals PERSONALIZED AND PROACTIVE ONLINE SERVICES AS A PLATFORM FOR CREATING A SYSTEM OF VOLUNTARY TAX COMPLIANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Tatyana Vladimirovna Deeva
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Global Network ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Online Services ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Slow Development

Relevance. The article reveals the actual possibilities of introducing digital technologies in the field of tax regulation, the provision of administrative services to taxpayers. The author has carried out a SWOT analysis of electronic services of the tax service in the context of digital transformation, identified the opportunities and threats to the development of digital tax administration. In the context of universal digitalization, the study of the above issues is an urgent topic. Results. It has been established that digital transformation of taxation and tax procedures is a difficult and costly task for personalized online services, therefore it has the same advantages and disadvantages. Weaknesses in the implementation of online services in the field of taxation are identified: data security problems; lack of public presentation and ignorance of taxpayers; a certain part of the population lacks access to the global network, IT infrastructure and electronic services; too slow development of e-business and government; an acute shortage of regulatory framework and information in the IT sector. Conclusions. The FTS as a service department should provide inexpensive and high-quality services. In this regard, FTS specialists must quickly respond to any facts of improper provision of services, since the high quality of tax services and the maximum number of electronic services is an indicator of effective work with taxpayers.

A technology for multifunctional hydroprocessing of oil residues (vacuum residue and atmospheric residue) on the catalysts with hierarchical porosity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-360
Author(s):  
E. V. Parkhomchuk ◽  
K. V. Fedotov ◽  
A. I. Lysikov ◽  
A. V. Polykhin ◽  
E. E. Vorobyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Vacuum Residue ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Delayed Coking ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Atmospheric Residue

A technology for catalytic hydroprocessing of oil residues – atmospheric residue and vacuum residue – aimed to obtain high value added petrochemicals, particularly marine fuel complying with modern technical and environmental requirements, is reported. The technologyis based on the use of catalysts supported on alumina with a hierarchical structure of meso- and macropores, which are highly active and stable under severe conditions of the process. Data obtained by physicochemical analysis of the chemical composition, textural and phase properties of fresh and spent catalysts for the three-step hydroprocessing of atmospheric residue and vacuum residue are presented. A material balance for each step of the processes and a comprehensive analysis of the properties of produced petrochemicals were used to propose variants of implementing and integrating the technology at Russian oil refineries in order to increase the profit from oil refining. The introduction of the hydroprocessing of atmospheric residue at oil refineries without secondary processes will improve the economic efficiency due to selling the atmospheric residue by 84–170 % depending on a chosen scheme of the process and a required set of products. It is reasonable to integrate the catalytic hydroprocessing of vacuum residue with the delayed coking, catalytic cracking and hydrocracking processes in order to increase the depth of refining to 95 % and extend the production of marketable oil refining products: gasoline, diesel fuel, marine fuel with the sulfur content below 0.5 %, and low-sulfur refinery coke for the electrode industry. The integration of the hydroprocessing of vacuum residue with the secondary processes will increase the economic efficiency from selling the vacuum residue by a factor of 2–2.5 in comparison with its production in delayed coking units.

TRENDS IN THE USE OF PACKAGING MATERIALS AND PACKAGING METHODS FOR PRODUCTS CONTAINING LABILE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.П. ВИКТОРОВА ◽  
А.Д. АЧМИЗ ◽  
М.В. ЛУКЬЯНЕНКО ◽  
С.О. СЕМЕНИХИН
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Concentrate Polymer ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Active Substances

При производстве качественной пищевой продукции особое внимание необходимо уделять ее упаковыванию и хранению. Витаминно-минеральные концентраты, используемые для приготовления пищевых продуктов и получения качественной безопасной продукции животноводства, содержат комплекс лабильных биологически активных веществ, для сохранности которых необходимо минимизировать окислительные процессы. Это обусловливает повышенные требования к упаковке таких продуктов. С целью выбора упаковочного материала и способа упаковки витаминно-минерального концентрата проведен тематический обзор публикаций отечественных и зарубежных ученых. Рассмотрены тенденции в области применения упаковочных материалов, указаны преимущества и недостатки биополимеров. На основе проведенного анализа установлено, что для упаковывания витаминно-минерального концентрата целесообразно в качестве материала упаковки использовать полимерные пленки, обладающие высокой свето- и газонепроницаемостью, позволяющей снизить скорость протекания окислительных процессов и, следовательно, сократить потери содержащихся в продукте лабильных биологически активных веществ. В качестве способа упаковки можно рекомендовать применять вакуумирование, обеспечивающее отсутствие кислорода воздуха в упаковке. When producing high-quality food products, special attention should be paid to their packaging and storage. Vitamin and mineral concentrates used for food preparation and production of high-quality safe livestock products contain a complex of labile biologically active substances, for the safety of which it is necessary to minimize oxidative processes. This leads to increased requirements for the packaging of such products. In order to select the material and method of packaging of vitamin and mineral concentrates, a thematic review of publications of domestic and foreign scientists was conducted. Trends in the use of packaging materials are considered, advantages and disadvantages of biopolymers are indicated. It was found that for packaging vitamin and mineral concentrate, polymer pellicle with high light and gas tightness, which allows reducing the rate of oxidative processes and, consequently, reducing the loss of labile biologically active substances contained in the product, should be used as a packaging material. Vacuuming, which ensures the absence of oxygen in the air in the package, can be recommended as a method of packaging.

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