scholarly journals Protective Properties of Flavonoid Extract of Coagulated Tofu (Curdled Soy Milk) Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndatsu Yakubu ◽  
Umaru Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Hepatic Cell ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Hepatocellular Regeneration ◽  
Sugar Levels

The total flavonoid contents of the various coagulated tofu and the hepatoprotective potential of all tofu flavonoid extracts were investigated. Tofu was prepared from locally sourced coagulants (steep water, alum, lemon, and lemon peel ash extract). Total flavonoid contents of all coagulated tofu were investigated as established in vitro flavonoid assay. The hepatoprotective activities of tofu flavonoid extracts against acetaminophen-induced hepatic cell toxicity in rats was also investigated in this study. The activity was analyzed by assessing the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The concentrations of the serum sugar, total protein, albumin, and cholesterol as well as prothrombin time (PT) of experimental rats with histopathological analysis were also conducted. The range of the total flavonoid contents of tofu was 4.3-6.4 mg/g. Tofu flavonoid extracts significantly reduced the activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH; total cholesterol, and sugar levels, but total protein and albumin concentrations increased compared to acetaminophen-intoxicated rats. Also, the prothrombin time prolongation of serum in acetaminophen intoxicated rats was reduced. Histology of the liver tissue demonstrated that tofu flavonoid extracts inhibited the acetaminophen-induced hepatic cell necrosis, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and accelerated hepatocellular regeneration. Therefore, all tofus exhibited high total flavonoid contents, and the tofu supplement in human diets is highly recommended as it can be used as a functional food to prevent liver injuries.

The Effect of Warfarin Sodium on the Duration of Platelet Aggregation

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 766-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J Knieriem ◽  
A. B Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Warfarin Sodium

SummaryThe effect of the administration of warfarin sodium (Coumadin®) on the duration of platelet aggregation in vitro was studied. Coumadin was given for 4 consecutive days to 10 healthy adults who were followed over a period of 9 days. The duration of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma, the prothrombin time, and the platelet count of platelet-rich plasma were measured. Four other healthy adults received placebos and participated in a double-blind study with those receiving Coumadin.Although administration of Coumadin caused a prolongation of the prothrombin time to 2 or 21/2 times the normal value, a decrease in the duration of platelet aggregation was not observed. In most individuals who received Coumadin an increase in the duration of platelet aggregation occurred. The effect of Coumadin on platelet aggregation was not consistently related to the prothrombin time or to the platelet count. In the placebo group there was a distinct relation between the duration of platelet aggregation and the platelet count in platelet-rich plasma.The mean increase in the duration of platelet aggregation when compared to the control value before medication with Coumadin was 37.7%. In the placebo group there was a mean increase of 8.4%. The difference between the two groups is significant (p <0.001). Increased duration of platelet aggregation also occurred in two individuals who received Coumadin over a period of 10 and 16 days respectively.

Plasminogen Activation in Diabetes Mellitus: Normalization of Blood Sugar Levels Improves Impaired Enzyme Kinetics In Vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 413-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarethe Geiger ◽  
Bernd R Binder
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Sugar Levels

SummaryWe have demonstrated previously that fibrin enhanced plasmin formation by the vascular plasminogen activator was significantly impaired, when components isolated from the plasma of three uncontrolled diabetic patients (type I) were used to study plasminogen activation in vitro. In the present study it can be demonstrated that functional properties of the vascular plasminogen activators as well as of the plasminogens from the same three diabetic patients are significantly improved after normalization of blood sugar levels and improvement of HbAlc values. Most pronounced the Km of diabetic vascular plasminogen activator in the presence of fibrin returned to normal values, and for diabetic plasminogen the prolonged lag period until maximal plasmin formation occurred was shortened to almost control values. From these data we conclude that the observed abnormalities of in vitro fibrinolysis are not primarily associated with the diabetic disease, but might be secondary to metabolic disorders caused by diabetes.

Synthesis, Characterization and In vitro Evaluation of N-Substituted- Sulfomoyl-Phenyl-Amino Carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Squalene Synthase Inhibitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-426
Author(s):  
Avani B. Chokshi ◽  
Mahesh T. Chhabria ◽  
Pritesh R. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Hepatic Cell ◽  
Squalene Synthase ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Aromatic Substituent ◽  
Hepatic Cell Line ◽  
Amino Carboxylic Acid

Background:Squalene Synthase is one of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway enzymes, inhibition of which produces potent lipid lowering action. A variety of chemical classes have been evaluated for its inhibition to provide alternate antihyperlipidemic agents to statins.Methods:A series of N-substituted-sulfomoyl-phenyl-amino carboxylic acid derivatives were designed through pharmacophore modelling as Squalene Synthase inhibitors. We report here the synthesis, characterization and in vitro pharmacological screening of the designed molecules as Squalene synthase inhibitors. The target molecules were synthesized by a simple procedure and each molecule was characterized by IR, Mass, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectroscopic techniques. As a primary site of action for cholesterol biosynthesis is liver, each of the molecules were first screened for in vitro cytotoxicity over human hepatic cell line (HepG2) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method. The enzyme inhibition assay was performed on cell lysates prepared from HepG2 cells by Human Squalene Synthase ELISA kit, where test compounds were added in the nontoxic concentrations only.Results:Compound 5f was found to be most potent with the IC50 value of 11.91 µM. The CTC50 value for 5f on human hepatic cell line was > 1000 µM so it was considered that the compound was relatively safe and might be free of hepatotoxicity.Conclusion:From the results of our studies, it was observed that compounds with poly nuclear aromatic or hetero aromatic substituent on a side chain were more potent enzyme inhibitors and a distance of 4-5 atoms is optimum between amide nitrogen and hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid.

scholarly journals Large intraperitoneal lipoleiomyoma in a pre-menopausal woman: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Schaefer ◽  
Amy L. Strong ◽  
Sheena Bahroloomi ◽  
Jichang Han ◽  
Michella K. Whisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Menopausal Woman ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Lipoleiomyoma is a rare, benign variant of the commonplace uterine leiomyoma. Unlike leiomyoma, these tumors are composed of smooth muscle cells admixed with mature adipose tissue. While rare, they are most frequently identified in the uterus, but even more infrequently have been described in extrauterine locations. Case presentation We describe a case report of a 45-year-old woman with a history of in vitro fertilization pregnancy presenting 6 years later with abdominal distention and weight loss found to have a 30-cm intra-abdominal lipoleiomyoma. While cross-sectional imaging can narrow the differential diagnosis, histopathological analysis with stains positive for smooth muscle actin, desmin, and estrogen receptor, but negative for HMB-45 confirms the diagnosis of lipoleiomyoma. The large encapsulated tumor was resected en bloc. The patients post-operative course was uneventful and her symptoms resolved. Conclusions Lipoleiomyoma should be considered on the differential diagnosis in a woman with a large intra-abdominal mass. While considered benign, resection should be considered if the mass is symptomatic, and the diagnosis is unclear or there is a concern for malignancy.

scholarly journals Flavone-Rich Fractions and Extracts from Oroxylum indicum and Their Antibacterial Activities against Clinically Isolated Zoonotic Bacteria and Free Radical Scavenging Effects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773
Author(s):  
Patchima Sithisarn ◽  
Piyanuch Rojsanga ◽  
Pongtip Sithisarn
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Young Fruit ◽  
Oroxylum Indicum ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

Oroxylum indicum extracts from the seeds collected from Lampang and Pattani provinces in Thailand, and young fruits and flowers exhibited in vitro display antioxidant and antibacterial activities against clinically isolated zoonotic bacteria including Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus suis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, β-hemolytic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The orange crystals and yellow precipitates were obtained from the preparation processes of the seed extracts. The orange-red crystals from the seeds collected from Lampang province exhibited strong in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effects (EC50 value = 25.99 ± 3.30 μg/mL) and antibacterial effects on S. intermedius and β-hemolytic E. coli while the yellow precipitate from the same source exhibited only antioxidant activity. Quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in O. indicum samples by spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques showed that they contained different amounts of total phenolic, total flavonoid and three major flavones; baicalin, baicalein and chrysin contents. Young fruit extract, which contained low amounts of flavone contents, still promoted antibacterial effects against the tested bacteria with IC50 values lower than 1 mg/mL and MIC values between 4 to 10 mg/mL in S. intermedius, S. aureus and S suis while higher IC50 and MIC values against P. aeruginosa and β-hemolytic E. coli were found. From scanning electron microscopy, the extract of the young fruit of O. indicum promoted morphological changes in the bacterial cells by disrupting the bacterial cell walls, inducing leakage of the cellular content, and generating the abnormal accumulation of cells. The mechanism of action of the extract for this antibacterial effect may be the disruption of the cell membrane and abnormal cell aggregations. Regression analysis of the results suggests the correlation between total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Baicalin was found to have a high correlation with an inhibitory effect against β-hemolytic E. coli while three unidentified peaks, which could be flavones, showed high correlations with an inhibitory effect against S. intermedius, S. suis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.

scholarly journals Brown Spiders’ Phospholipases-D with Potential Therapeutic Applications: Functional Assessment of Mutant Isoforms

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Thaís Pereira da Silva ◽  
Fernando Jacomini de Castro ◽  
Larissa Vuitika ◽  
Nayanne Louise Costacurta Polli ◽  
Bruno César Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Harmful Effects

Phospholipases-D (PLDs) found in Loxosceles spiders’ venoms are responsible for the dermonecrosis triggered by envenomation. PLDs can also induce other local and systemic effects, such as massive inflammatory response, edema, and hemolysis. Recombinant PLDs reproduce all of the deleterious effects induced by Loxosceles whole venoms. Herein, wild type and mutant PLDs of two species involved in accidents—L. gaucho and L. laeta—were recombinantly expressed and characterized. The mutations are related to amino acid residues relevant for catalysis (H12-H47), magnesium ion coordination (E32-D34) and binding to phospholipid substrates (Y228 and Y228-Y229-W230). Circular dichroism and structural data demonstrated that the mutant isoforms did not undergo significant structural changes. Immunoassays showed that mutant PLDs exhibit conserved epitopes and kept their antigenic properties despite the mutations. Both in vitro (sphingomyelinase activity and hemolysis) and in vivo (capillary permeability, dermonecrotic activity, and histopathological analysis) assays showed that the PLDs with mutations H12-H47, E32-D34, and Y228-Y229-W230 displayed only residual activities. Results indicate that these mutant toxins are suitable for use as antigens to obtain neutralizing antisera with enhanced properties since they will be based on the most deleterious toxins in the venom and without causing severe harmful effects to the animals in which these sera are produced.

Prediction of Human Acute Toxicity by the Hep G2/24-hour/Total Protein Assay, with Protein Measurement by the CBQCA Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Dierickx
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Total Protein Assay

In our previously described Hep G2/24-hour/total protein assay, protein levels were measured by using the Lowry method. This assay was the best acute in vitro assay for the prediction of human toxicity within the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) study. In order to increase the MEIC data-base with a wider range of chemicals, we were interested in introducing the more practical 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) method for the quantification of the total protein content. Therefore, we investigated whether the same good results for the prediction of acute human toxicity would be obtained with the CBQCA method. The cells were treated for 24 hours, then cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the total protein content with CBQCA. The results were quantified by using the PI50c: the concentration (in mM) of test compound required to reduce the total protein content measured with the CBQCA-method by 50% as compared to the control cells. The results were compared with the PI50, the corresponding value when the Lowry method was used. A relatively low correlation was observed between PI50 and PI50c, reflecting the large and unexpected, differences when using the two protein assays. However, when comparing the log PI50c with the human toxicity, a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.761 ( n = 44) was obtained for exactly the same series of MEIC chemicals. This value is clearly higher than that for the Lowry method ( r2 = 0.695). Compared to the Lowry method originally used, the Hep G2/24-hour/CBQCA total protein assay has the additional important advantage that it can be very easily adapted for large-scale analyses with robotic systems, including the on-line calculation of the results.

scholarly journals Production of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatic Cell Lineages and Liver Organoids: Current Status and Potential Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
João P. Cotovio ◽  
Tiago G. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Hepatic Cell ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Liver Organoids

Liver disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, leading to the death of approximately 2 million people per year. Current therapies include orthotopic liver transplantation, however, donor organ shortage remains a great challenge. In addition, the development of novel therapeutics has been limited due to the lack of in vitro models that mimic in vivo liver physiology. Accordingly, hepatic cell lineages derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a promising cell source for liver cell therapy, disease modelling, and drug discovery. Moreover, the development of new culture systems bringing together the multiple liver-specific hepatic cell types triggered the development of hPSC-derived liver organoids. Therefore, these human liver-based platforms hold great potential for clinical applications. In this review, the production of the different hepatic cell lineages from hPSCs, including hepatocytes, as well as the emerging strategies to generate hPSC-derived liver organoids will be assessed, while current biomedical applications will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Biological characterization of implant surfaces - in vitro study

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares ◽  
Camilla Christian Gomes Moura ◽  
Huberth Alexandre da Rocha Júnior ◽  
Paula Dechichi ◽  
Darceny Zanetta-Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Experimental Surface

<title>Abstract</title><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Evaluate the biological performance of titanium alloys grade IV under different surface treatments: sandblasting and double etching (Experimental surface 1; Exp1, NEODENT); surface with wettability increase (Experimental surface 2; Exp2, NEODENT) on response of preliminary differentiation and cell maturation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and method</title><p>Immortalized osteoblast cells were plated on Exp1 and Exp2 titanium discs. The polystyrene plate surface without disc was used as control group (C). Cell viability was assessed by measuring mitochondrial activity (MTT) at 4 and 24 h (n = 5), cell attachment was performed using trypan blue exclusion within 4 hours (n = 5), serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase normalization was performed at 4, 7 and 14 days (n = 5). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.</p></sec><sec><title>Result</title><p>The values of cell viability were: 4h: C– 0.32±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.34±0.08<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.29±0.03<sup>A</sup>. 24h: C– 0.43±0.02<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.39±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.37±0.03<sup>A</sup>. The cell adhesion counting was: C– 85±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp1- 35±5<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 20±2<sup>B</sup>. The amounts of serum total protein were 4d: C– 40±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 120±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 130±20<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 38±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 75±4<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 70±6<sup>A</sup>. 14 d: C– 100±3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 130±5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 137±9<sup>A</sup>. The values of alkaline phosphatase normalization were: 4d: C– 2.0±0.1<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.1±0.8<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 9.8±2.0<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 1.0±0.01<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.3±0.5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 3.0±0.3<sup>B</sup>. 14 d: C– 4.1±0.3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 4.4±0.8<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 2.2±0.2<sup>B</sup>. Different letters related to statistical differences.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The surfaces tested exhibit different behavior at dosage of alkaline phosphatase normalization showing that the Exp2 is more associated with induction of cell differentiation process and that Exp1 is more related to the mineralization process.</p></sec>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document