scholarly journals Membandingkan Status Hematologis Pasien Malaria Falciparum dengan Vivax di RSUP M. Djamil Januari 2011 – Maret 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahul Jannah Afdhal ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Julizar Julizar
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
T Test ◽  
Malaria Patient ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Thrombocyte Count ◽  
Subtropical Country

AbstrakMalaria merupakan masalah kesehatan yang besar di daerah tropis dan subtropis termasuk di Indonesia. Jenis malaria yang sering terjadi di daerah Sumatera adalah malaria falciparum dan vivax. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan status hematologis pasien malaria falciparum dengan malaria vivax. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik retrospektif, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 67 orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui hasil rekam medis yang kemudian dianalisis melalui uji T-test Independent dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan nilai signifikasi p<0,05 pada perbedaan nilai hemoglobin yaitu 0,027, perbedaan nilai hematokrit yaitu 0,03, dan pada perbedaan jumlah trombosit yaitu 0,03. Nilai signifikasi p>0,05 pada jumlah hitung leukosit yaitu 0,89.Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat nilai hemoglobin, hematokrit dan trombosit pada pasien malaria falciparum signifikan lebih rendah daripada malaria vivax. Jumlah leukosit pada pasien malaria falciparum tidak signifikan lebih rendah daripada malaria vivax.Kata kunci : malaria falciparum, malaria vivax, hematologisAbstractMalaria is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical country, including in Indonesia. The most type of malaria in Sumatera are malaria falciparum and vivax.The objective of this study was to determine haematological status in falciparum and vivax malaria patient at M Djamil hospital. This study was an analytic retrospective study, with a total sample of 67 patients. Data were collected through medical records than analyzed by T-test Independent and Mann-Whitney. The result of this study, the significance value p<0,05 were found in difference of hemoglobin value (0,027), in difference of haematocrit value (0,03) and in difference of thrombocyte count (0,03). The significance value p>0,05 was found in difference of leukocyte count (0,89). From these result, it can be concluded that the haemoglobin value, haematocrit value and thrombocyte count are significantly lower in falciparum malaria patient than vivax malaria patient. Leukocyte count is not significantly lower in falciparum malaria patient than vivax malaria patient.Keywords: falciparum malaria, vivax malaria, haematological

scholarly journals STUDI KOMPARASI: EFEKTIFITAS PSIKOEDUKASI TERHADAP ADAPTASI PASIEN FRAKTUR DI RSUD JOMBANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Zuhrotul Umaroh ◽  
Elsye Maria Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background: The injury is still a major public health problem throughout the country, where two-thirds occur in developing countries, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, recorded injury cases in 2013 reached 84,277 people (8.2%). The negative impacts caused by the fracture appears, which includes; psychological, social, and spiritual. The Department of Health reported that 15% of patients experiencing psychological stress fractures to depression. Psychoeducation efficient in the treatment process and decrease the symptoms of depression that is a component in the psychological response on the existence of a disability condition. Aim: the research aimed todetermine the effectiveness of psychoeducation to the physical adaptation among fracture patients in public hospital of Jombang Method: this is a quasi-experiment research with pre-test and post-test control group design. There were 16 respondents in control group and another 16 respondents for intervention group which was gathered with consecutive sampling. The data were analyzed with parametric analysis using paired sample t-test dan independent t-test. For testing the data normality distribution, Shapiro-wilk analysis was operated. Result: Paired t test sample stated that there was significant difference in the physical adaptation among fracture patients before and after the intervention of psychoeducation (p value = 0,000 ; CI 95% <alpha = 0,05). In the unpaired t test was obtained p value = 0.000; CI 95% <alpha = 0.05, which indicates a significant difference of fracture patients’ adaptation who has given psychoeducation intervention and who has not. Conclusion: the psychoeducation intervention  increasedphysical adaptation among fracture patients. Nurses must continue to develop and apply the procedures for implementing psychoeducation fractures primarily in patients with the aim to improve the adaptability of fracture patients.

scholarly journals Association of BMI and nutritional habits with hypertension in the adult population of Croatia

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ivičević Uhernik ◽  
Marijan Erceg ◽  
Sanja Musić Milanović
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Regular Consumption

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution of hypertension, its nutritional and other determinants and their association in Croatia.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional study.SettingCroatia.SubjectsRepresentative random sample of 9070 adults (18 years and older) from all Croatian regions, selected using multistage sampling.ResultsOverall prevalence of hypertension (arterial blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg) in Croatia was 45·5 %, of which 40 % were newly diagnosed hypertensives. There was no difference in the percentage of hypertensives between the continental and Mediterranean parts of Croatia. Newly diagnosed hypertension was found to be positively associated with increased BMI, age and alcohol consumption in the total sample and with moderate consumption of coffee in women, as well as inversely associated with regular consumption of fruits and vegetables in the total sample and high consumption of coffee in the total sample and in men. No association with newly diagnosed hypertension was recorded for use of animal fat, consumption of whole milk, smoked meat products, for adding salt, smoking and leisure-time physical activity.ConclusionsHypertension is a major public health problem in both continental and Mediterranean parts of Croatia. Maintenance of normal body mass, its reduction if already increased, and regular consumption of fruits and vegetables are proposed as priorities for primary prevention of hypertension in Croatia.

scholarly journals Study of serum lipid profile in Plasmodium falciparum malaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajith Dungdung ◽  
Vishwanath Malakappa Jalawadi ◽  
Upendra Prasad Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage

Background: Malaria is a major public health problem in India with wide-ranging haematological and biochemical alterations. Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) is one of four distinct species of the malaria parasite that afflict humans and pose a threat to public health. Under normal physiological conditions, liver ensures homeostasis of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.  Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess malaria infection and its association with lipid parameters changes. Hepatocellular damage often associated with severe and acute P. falciparum infections impairs these processes, leading to alteration in plasma lipid profile and lipoprotein patterns. An observation on the nature of dyslipidaemia in confirmed cases of P. falciparum malaria patients with reference to correlation if any that exists between malaria and lipid profile in these patients was performed.Methods: A case-control study was carried out on clinically and laboratory confirmed P. falciparum malaria positive patients attending the outpatient and inpatient department of RIMS Ranchi for a period of six months i.e. from January 2018 to June 2018, 100 participants were enrolled for the present study. 50 participants were P. falciparum malaria confirmed cases and 50 participants were without any clinical or laboratory evidence of malaria served as the control.Results: It revealed that the total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were significantly decreased -(P ≤0.05) while triglyceride and VLDL were not significantly changed in P. falciparum malaria patients (P ≥0.05).Conclusions: It can be concluded that alteration in lipid profile can be an index of severe malaria infection that may leads to poor prognosis, but specificity of malaria infection with lipid changes is questionable and need further studies.

scholarly journals A study on health and nutritional status of children in rural and urban ICDS projects in Karimnagar

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1747
Author(s):  
Anil Moluguri ◽  
Dasari Gayathry ◽  
Sachin Gurnule
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
The Impact

Background: Malnutrition is a major public health problem. It continues to be a primary cause of ill health and mortality among children in developing countries. Preschool age is an important stage of life where the nutrition plays an important role and has long lasting effects in the later years of life. Hence the objective of the present study was to assess the nutritional and health status of under-five children covered under the ICDS project.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during March 2013-February 2014 among 846 children attending the rural and urban anganwadi centers of Karimnagar ICDS project. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data and was analyzed using Epi info version 7 and valid inferences were drawn.Results: It was observed in the present study that females (53.5%) were more compared to boys (46.5%), out of the total sample surveyed. In this study 87.6% were completely immunized and 12.4% were partially immunized. According to IAP classification of malnutrition, 27.7% children were mildly malnourished, 16.5% were moderately malnourished, 3.9 % were severely malnourished and 0.9 % was very severely malnourished.Conclusions: High prevalence of malnutrition was observed among children in both urban and rural area warrants urgent attention. ICDS projects should be periodically studied to evaluate the impact of interventions. Further exploratory studies are required to find of several risk factors of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Leukocyte count: A reliable marker for the severity of organophosphate intoxication?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Sachin Agrawal ◽  
Nitin Raisinghani ◽  
Shameem Khan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Central India ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Organophosphorus poisoning (OPP) is a major public health problem in developing countries like India. Leukocyte count is a simple and inexpensive test, and elevated count is associated with acute inflammation and increased oxidative stress-like OPP. This study was done to correlate the severity of acute OPP with leukocyte count and also to assess the prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, observational clinical study was done on 80 patients suspected of OPP of age >15 years admitted to emergency unit at a tertiary rural teaching health-care center of Central India. Serum cholinesterase level and leukocyte count were estimated at the time of admission in all patients and severity of OPP was assessed according to Peradeniya organophosphorus poisoning (POP) scale. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 33.52 years (standard deviation [SD] 11.62) in males and 27.30 years (SD 7.33) in females. Among them, 57 (71.25%) were males and 23 (28.75%) were females. The severity of poisoning was directly correlated with serum cholinesterase level (P = 0.0001). Leukocyte count had a sensitivity of 60%, specificity of 76%, and negative predictive value of 85% if counts were more than 12,000 and 30% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 80% negative predictive value if counts were more than 15,000 in predicting mortality in patients with OPP. CONCLUSION: Leukocyte count levels on admission can be used a prognostic marker in patients with OP poisoning.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

MEASLES OUTBREAK IN A RURAL AREA OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Mir M Hassan Bullo ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
Jawad Faisal Malik ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muazam Abbas Ranjha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
District Health ◽  
Active Case

Background: Measles is highly contagious vaccine preventable disease (VPD), and a major public health problem considered as leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Pakistan. An outbreak of measles was reported in Sharifabad Islamabad on 15th of April 2017, and an investigation was launched to assess the magnitude of outbreak, evaluate risk factors and recommend control measures. Methods: A comprehensive house to house active case search along with vaccine coverage survey was conducted from April 19-22, 2017. A case was defined as "onset of maculopapular rash with fever in a resident of Sharifabad with at least one of the following signs/ symptoms, Coryza, Conjunctivitis, Cough, Otitis media or Pneumonia present in between 19 March to 22nd April 2017". Four age & sex matched controls were selected from the neighborhood. Data was collected through interview method using structured questionnaire and vaccination coverage was determined by using Epi survey form. Blood samples were sent for laboratory confirmation. Results: A total of eight cases were identified through active case finding while three were reported by local practitioner. Mean age of cases were 20 months (range 8-36 months). Severely affected age-group was 1-2 years with attack rate of 46%. Around two-third (64%) of cases and a few (16%) of controls were unvaccinated against measles. Contact with measles patient [OR 25.2, CI 3.9-160.1, P=0.00], unvaccinated children [OR 9.2 CI 2.12-40.4, P=0.000], social misconception regarding vaccination [OR 7.8 CI 1.42-42.6, P=0.00], and distance from healthcare facility [OR 5.7 CI 1.15-28.35, P=0.02] were significant risk factors. Vaccine efficacy was 90%. Conclusion: Main reasons of the outbreak were contact with the cases, and low vaccination status. We recommended comprehensive measles vaccination and community awareness sessions. On our recommendations district health authority Islamabad carried out mop up of whole area.

Medically Important Vector Borne Disease Control-Botanical Plant Extract Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Rakhshan .
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
High Level ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens which causes serious human diseases like Malaria, Filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever and Zika virus which constitute a major public health problem globally. Mosquito borne diseases cause high level of economic impact all over the world and result in millions of death every year. They infect around 700,000,000 people annually worldwide and 40,000,000 only in India. The continuous use of synthetic pesticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance, toxic effect on human health, environmental pollution and addition to these, its adverse effects can be observed on non-target organisms. Synthetic chemical pesticides have been proved to be effective, but overall in last 5 decades indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides against vector borne disease control have originated several ecological issues due to their residual accumulation and development of resistance in target vectors and their chronic effects.

New Hope for Resistant Hypertention

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Z Rahman ◽  
KK Karmaker ◽  
M Ahmed ◽  
M Aziz ◽  
S Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Baroreflex Activation Therapy ◽  
Activation Therapy ◽  
Increasing Trends

Hypertension is a major public health problem. Despite the increasing awareness of hypertension and its implications among patients and treating physicians, the prevalence of resistant hypertension    remains high.Resistant hypertension define as blood pressure that remains elevated above treatment goals despite administration of an optimal three drug regimen that include a diuretic1 The prevalence of resistant    hypertension is projected to increase, owing to the aging population and increasing trends in obesity, sleep apnea, and chronic kidney disease. It is estimated that at least 10% of all patients with hypertension are resistant to existing drugs. Management of resistant hypertension must begin with  a careful evaluation of the patient to confirm the diagnosis and exclude factors associated with “pseudo-resistance,” such as improper BP measurement technique, the white-coat effect, and poor patient adherence to life-style and/or antihypertensive medications. Despite the use of the appropriate dose and type of diuretic to overcome the management of resistant hypertension, we can’t achieve our goal. But there is at least two devices namely Baroreflex Activation Therapy and Catheter-based  renal sympathetic denervation make the new hope for the patient with resistant hypertension DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v5i1.12278 Cardiovasc. j. 2012; 5(1): 81-91

Eliminating Hepatitis B from Bangladesh by the Year 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Md Golam Mustafa ◽  
Md Shahinul Alam ◽  
Md Golam Azam ◽  
Md Mahabubul Alam ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Government

Worldwide, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major public health problem. Bangladesh having a large burden of HBV infection, should be a major contributor towards it’s elimination by 2030. The country has been making progress in reducing incidence of HBV infection during the past decades. The progresses are mainly due to large vaccination coverage among children and large coverage of timely birthdose vaccine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. However, Bangladesh still faces challenges in achieving target of reduction in mortality from HBV. On the basis of targets of the WHO’s Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016–2021, we highlight priorities for action towards HBV elimination. To attain the target of reduced mortality we propose that, the service coverage targets of diagnosis and treatment should be prioritized along with vaccination. Firstly, improvements are needed in the diagnostic and treatment abilities of medical institutions and health workers. Secondly, the government needs to reduce the costs of health care. Thirdly, better coordination is needed across existing national program and resources to establish an integrated system for prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection. In this way, we can make progress towards achieving the target of eliminating HBV from Bangladesh by 2030 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(3): 145-149

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