scholarly journals De l’autostigmatisation aux origines du processus de stigma- tisation. A propos de l’enquête internationale « Santé mentale en population générale : images et réalités » en France et dans 17 pays

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Luc Roelandt ◽  
Aude Caria ◽  
Imane Benradia ◽  
Simon Vasseur Bacle

Resume: L’archétype du « fou » représente le paradigme du processus de stigmatisation et l’histoire de la folie apparaît comme une tentative de la faire disparaître en la médicalisant au profit de la notion de « maladie mentale ». Les résultats de l’enquête internationale SMPG nous montrent l’échec de la médicalisation de la folie à réduire la stigmatisation. Cette enquête décrit les représentations sociales associées aux archétypes du « fou », du « malade mental » et du « dépressif ». Réalisée en France (67 sites d’enquête) et dans 17 pays (20 sites internationaux), elle décrit les variants et invariants de ces trois archétypes. Elle décrit les facteurs d’une stigmatisation importante pour le groupe « fou / malade mental » : non responsabilité, non contrôlabilité, médicalisation, mauvais pronostic et dangerosité. Quel que soit le pays, le noyau dur des représentations associant folie et danger est enraciné dans l’imaginaire collectif et le « malade mental » porte les attributs d’un « fou » médicalisé. A l’inverse, l’étiquette « dé- pressif » semble plus acceptable et moins exposée à la stigmatisation. Très peu de personnes se reconnaissent dans la représentation collective du « fou » ou du “malade mental”, même celles qui ont des troubles mentaux diagnostiqués. Dès lors, comment sortir de la dichotomie folie/raison, eux/nous à la base du processus de stigmatisation, si pour tout le monde, et même les personnes qui ont des troubles, le fou c’est l’autre? Ce sera peut-être le rôle des patients eux-mêmes de lutter contre la stigmatisation et l’auto stigmatisation dans les années à venir. From the self-stigmatization to the origins of the stigmatization process. With regard to the survey «Mental health in the general population: images and realities» in France and 17 countries Abstract: The archetype of the ‘mad’ represents the paradigm of the stigmatization process and the history of madness appear as an attempt to make it disappear by their medicalization for the benefit of the concept of ‘mental illness ‘. The SMPG international survey results show the failure of the medicalization of madness to reduce stigma. This investigation describes the social representations associated to the archetypes of the ‘mad’, the “mentally ill” and the “depressed”. Made in France (67 sites) and in 17 countries (20 international sites), she describes the variants and invariants of these three archetypes. It describes the factors of significant stigmatization for the group ‘ mad / mentally ill ‘: non-responsibility, non-controllability, medicalization, poor prognosis and dangerousness. Regardless of the country, the hard core of representations combining madness and danger is rooted in the collective imagination and the “mentally ill” bears the attributes of a ‘mad’ medicalized. Conversely, the “depressive” label seems more acceptable and less exposed to stigma. Very few people recognize themselves in the collective representation of the ‘mad’ or the ‘mentally ill’, even those who have diagnosed mental disorders. Therefore, how to exit to the dichotomies madness/reason, us /them that are at the base of the process of stigmatization, if for all the people, and even people who have mental disorders, mad it is the other? This may be the role of the patients themselves to combat the stigma and self-stigma in the years to come.

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Millaud

Epidemiologic and clinical studies are presented of persons with mental disorders and a history of violent behavior. Knowledge of the risk factors associated with acts of violence committed by mentally disordered persons is essential for the initiation of preventive programs. The aim of this paper is therefore to introduce epidemiologic and clinical elements useful in assessing these risk factors. Furthermore, intervention strategies are described to deal with violence in mentally ill patients.


CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel A. Dvoskin ◽  
James L. Knoll ◽  
Mollie Silva

This article traces the history of the way in which mental disorders were viewed and treated, from before the birth of Christ to the present day. Special attention is paid to the process of deinstitutionalization in the United States and the failure to create an adequately robust community mental health system to care for the people who, in a previous era, might have experienced lifelong hospitalization. As a result, far too many people with serious mental illnesses are living in jails and prisons that are ill-suited and unprepared to meet their needs.


Author(s):  
Bastian Droegemueller ◽  
Corinna Mielke ◽  
Reinhold Haux ◽  
Alexander Diehl

Mental disorders are widespread among the world’s population and place a high burden on both the people affected and the economy. In this area of health care and prevention major deficits can be found. Health-enabling technologies are being developed in order to provide support in the therapy and diagnostics of mental disorders. However, it is not clear whether patients are open to these technologies and what they expect from a suitable usage. The main goal of this study is to find out what opinions, hopes and fears mentally ill persons have towards a supporting treatment with health-enabling technologies. Personal interviews were conducted with psychiatric patients for that purpose. The evaluation of the interview data revealed a predominantly positive mindset of the participants. In addition to the general question according to the acceptance, requirements and expectations for the use of health-enabling technologies were acquired. In this context the concern of an invasion of privacy was exposed as a major barrier.


2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Elena V. Kharitonova ◽  

The article deals with the peculiarities of translating mentality through language in a transforming society. The article reveals the idea of a transitive society and the psychology of transitivity. It is shown that a transitive society influences social representations and values, determines attitudes and goals. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of language and mentality in the context of globalization, when there is an increase in changes in language, including in the Internet language. The language of the people is one of the main mechanisms for transmitting the mentality, through which a special national way of thinking is formed. Numerous studies have shown that the transitivity of society, accompanied by the influence of high technologies, informatization, and virtualization, has a transformative effect on the mentality as a whole. In the history of Russia, the fundamental transformations of society associated with the revolution of 1917 also determined changes in the language in the post-revolutionary period, which were manifested in the increase in the number of jargon, abbreviations of words, and the introduction of foreign borrowings into the language. In the works of scientists of those years, the peculiarities of the influence of foreign borrowings on people's consciousness and mentality in general were analyzed. V. M. Bekhterev, N. S. Trubetskoy, A. M. Selishchev, A. A. Potebnya and others paid attention to the study of these processes. Excessive changes in language can pose a threat to the national mentality due to their impact on traditional values, their destruction and the introduction of new values in a globalized world. The role of the media as a native speaker of a new language and as a tool for influencing mass consciousness is outlined. The most intensive manipulation of the masses through language influences increases in unstable, transitional periods of society development.


Author(s):  
Г. Й. Маммадли

В данной статье на анализе героических сказаний «Алтын Арыг» и «Книга моего отца Коркута» показано сопоставление с другими сказаниями тюрко - монгольских народов, подчёркнута схожесть типологически сходных явлений. Богатырские сказания хакасского народа отражают в себе историю народа, которая на долгие века сохранила их для будущего поколения всего тюркского мира. Изучение алыптыг нымахов, в частности свадебный обряд (выбор спутника жизни, испытания, девятидневный пиртой, расплетение шестидесяти косичек, заплетение одной косы и т. д.), традиционные сюжеты, действия главных героев показывают их тесную связь с эпосами других тюркских народов. Следы общетюркской культуры встречаются во всех сферах жизни героев героических сказаний. Мотив суженых имеет реальную историко - бытовую основу, восходящую к экзогамии, когда невесту брали из другого рода. In this article, based on the analysis of "Altyn Aryg" and "The book of my father Korkut', the comparison with other legends of Turkic - Mongolian peoples is shown, and the similarity of typologically similar phenomena is emphasized. The Khakass people's heroic tales reflect the history of the people, which preserved them for the future generation of the entire Turkic world for many centuries to come. The study of alyptyg nymakhs, in particular, the wedding ceremony (choosing a life partner, trials, a nine - day feast - toi, unwinding sixty braids, braiding one braid, etc.), traditional plots and actions of the main characters show their close connection with eposes of other Turkic peoples. Traces of national Turkic culture are found in all spheres of life of heroes of heroic tales. The motif of the betrothed has a real historical and everyday basis, dating back to exogamy, when a bride was taken from another kin.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Marina Trofimovna Gogoleva ◽  
Lyudmila Stepanovna Tutukarova

Interest in the research topic arose as a result of studying the texts of folklore prose of the Yakuts and Telengits. Used method, i.e. reliance on scientific works, collection of facts, comparative analysis of lexical-semantic parallels led to interesting results. The identified samples from the folklore of peoples separated by a huge distance and an independent history of development indicate the presence of common roots. Legends reflect the peculiarities of the ideological ideas of ethnic groups, spiritual and moral values, religious views; at the same time, commonality is found not only in the lexico-semantic plan, but also in the compositional structure of the presentation of the material and the syntax of texts. The changes are quite insignificant, for example, in the Yakut version of the legend «Dispute» the image of a large animal is transformed in accordance with the realities of the Arctic nature, for example, a camel turns into an elk. The thematic approach to the consideration of examples allows us to come to the conclusion that most of the coincidences fall on the texts of religious and everyday content. Some examples from onomastics also speak of ancient linguistic contacts or testify to migration processes among the Turkic-speaking ethnic groups, which have not yet received proper coverage in historical science. In the conclusion of the article, it is said about the need to attract more extensive material to the comparative historical study of the phenomenon. Based on the comprehension of the collected material, an assumption is made about the stability of individual lexemes and lexical-semantic constructions in the translation of the traditional beliefs of the people.


2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Herry Wiryono

AbstrakPertempuran Convoy Sukabumi-Cianjur merupakan pengorbanan rakyat Sukabumi dan Cianjur dalam mempertahankan dan menegakkan kedaulatan Negara Republik Indonesia. Peristiwa tersebut tidak kalah penting dari peristiwa yang lainnya dalam lintasan sejarah perjuangan bangsa Indonesia, terutama dalam mempertahankan Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia dari tangan penjajah. Berbagai komponen masyarakat Sukabumi berjuang mempertahankan kemerdekaan yang baru diproklamasikan. Semuanya bertekad menjaga Republik yang berusia masih sangat muda. Melalui penelitian sejarah ini, ingatan kolektif tentang peristiwa sejarah tersebut diungkap kembali. Para tokoh yang terlibat dari peristiwa itu bercerita tentang periode yang sangat krusial dalam sejarah Indonesia. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa bangsa Indonesia mampu mempertahankan kemerdekaan dengan kekuatan sendiri. Penelitian masalah tersebut dan penulisan hasilnya dilandasi oleh metode sejarah, terutama metode sejarah lisan. AbstractBattle Convoy Sukabumi-Cianjur is the sacrifice of the people of Sukabumi and Cianjur in maintaining and upholding the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. This event is no less important than other events in the track history of the struggle of Indonesia, especially in maintaining the independence of Indonesia from the hands of colonialists. The various components of society struggling to maintain independence Sukabumi newly proclaimed. Everything is determined to maintain the old republic is still very young. Through this historical research, the collective memory of these historical events were revealed again. The leaders involved from the event talking about a very crucial period in Indonesian history. The survey results revealed that the Indonesian nation was able to maintain independence with their own strengths. The research problem and writing the results based on historical methods, especially methods of oral history.


1962 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royden Harrison

The 10th April 1848 is one of the most famous days in the history of the nineteenth century. The Chartists of London had screwed themselves up for a decisive trial of strength with the ruling classes. They found themselves outnumbered by the combined resources of the civil and military powers. They shrank back before the prospect of a collision with the vast forces of law and order and property commanded by the Duke of Wellington and Richard Mayne. What was to have been a triumphant demonstration of the overwhelming power and determination of the people, ended in the anything but triumphal progress of a few hired hackney coaches carrying a dubious petition. “The 10th April, 1848 will long be remembered as a great field day of the British Constitution”, announced the Times. “The signal of unconstitutional menace, of violence, of insurrection, of revolution, was yesterday given in our streets, and happily despised by a peaceful, prudent, and loyal metropolis. That is the triumph we claim…. This settles the question. In common fairness it ought to be regarded as a settled question for years to come. The Chartists and Confederates made the challenge, and chose the field and trial of strength. They must stand by their choice. They chose to disturb the metropolis for the chance of something coming of it. They fished for a revolution and have caught a snub. We congratulate them on their booty, which we hope they will divide with their partners in Dublin. It is, perhaps, a fortunate circumstance that so momentous a question as the free action of the British Legislature should be settled thus decisively….”


2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-256
Author(s):  
Akira Hashimoto

This text, dealing with the private confinement of the mentally ill at home, or shitaku kanchi, has often been referred to as a ‘classic text’ in the history of Japanese psychiatry. Shitaku kanchi was one of the most prevalent methods of treating mental disorders in early twentieth-century Japan. Under the guidance of Kure Shūzō (1865–1932), Kure’s assistants at Tokyo University inspected a total of 364 rooms of shitaku kanchi across Japan between 1910 and 1916. This text was published as their final report in 1918. The text also refers to traditional healing practices for mental illnesses found throughout the country. Its abundant descriptions aroused the interest of experts of various disciplines.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ibrahim ◽  
Dade Prat Untarti ◽  
Dade Prat Untarti

ABSTRAK: Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Bagaimana sejarah kedatangan orang Bugis di Desa Polewali Kecamatan Lainea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan? (2) Bagaimana kondisi sosial ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat nelayan suku Bugis di Desa Polewali Kecamatan Lainea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan (1950-2017)? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah yang dikemukakan oleh Helius Syamsuddin bahwa tata kerja penelitian sejarah terdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu: (1) Pengumpulan Data (Heuristik) (2) Kritik Sumber (Verifikasi) (3) Penulisan Sejarah (Historiografi). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Awal kedatangan orang Bugis di Desa Polewali untuk mengamankan diri  karena pada saat itu mereka dikira mata-mata dari tentara Jepang jadi mereka meninggalkan daerah asal mereka yaitu Bone Sulawesi Selatan dan kemudian mereka menuju di Desa Polewali. Hal yang mendorong mereka tinggal di Polewali karena kondisi laut yang bagus. Pada tahun 1950 pertama sekali orang Bugis berlabuh di Desa Polewali  Nama Desa Polewali berasal dari bahasa Bugis yang terdiri dari kata “pole” dan “wali”, pole artinya datang dan wali artinya empat penjuru, polewali berarti datang dari empat penjuru. Orang  Bugis  banyak yang menjadi nelayan di Desa Polewali karena Desa Polewali berada di pinggir laut dan mempunyai potensi laut yang bisa menunjang pendapatan nelayan. (2)  Kondisi kehidupan masyarakat Desa Polewali sejak tahun 1950-2017 dapat dilihat dari; (a) Kondisi  sosial dalam masyarakat yang dapat dilihat dari interaksi sosialnya. Interaksi sosial yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah hubungan sosial antara sesama masyarakat nelayan suku Bugis dengan orang lain, baik menyangkut hubungan kerjasama dan persaingan. Dalam menangkap ikan dan memasarkan hasil tangkapan. (b) Kondisi ekonomi masyarakat nelayan suku Bugis di Desa Polewali (c) Kondisi budaya merupakan salah satu bagian  terpenting  dalam kehidupan masyarakat nelayan yang digunakan sebagai tata aturan yang mengatur pola perilaku setiap anggota-anggota dalam kehidupan masyarakat Desa PolewaliKata Kunci: Sejarah, Kondisi Sosial EkonomiABSTRACT: The main problems in this study are: (1) What is the history of the arrival of the Bugis in the Polewali Village of Lainea Subdistrict, Konawe Selatan District? (2) What are the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the Bugis fishing community in Polewali Village, Lainea Subdistrict, Konawe Selatan Regency (1950-2017)? The method used in this study is the historical research method proposed by Helius Syamsuddin that the work of historical research consists of three stages, namely: (1) Data Collection (Heuristics) (2) Source Criticism (Verification) (3) Historical Writing (Historiography) . The results of this study indicate that: (1) The initial arrival of the Bugis in the Polewali Village to secure themselves because at that time they were thought to be spies from the Japanese army so they left their home region of Bone South Sulawesi and then they headed to Polewali Village. The thing that pushed them to stay in Polewali was because of the good sea conditions. In 1950 the Bugis first anchored in the Polewali Village The name Polewali Village came from the Bugis language which consisted of the words "pole" and "guardian", pole meant to come and guardian meant four directions, polewali meant to come from four directions. Many Bugis people become fishermen in Polewali Village because Polewali Village is located on the seafront and has sea potential that can support the income of fishermen. (2) The living conditions of the people of Polewali Village since 1950-2017 can be seen from; (a) Social conditions in society which can be seen from social interactions. The social interaction referred to in this study is the social relationship between fellow Bugis fishing communities with other people, both concerning the relationship of cooperation and competition. In catching fish and marketing the catch. (b) Economic conditions of the Bugis fishing community in Polewali Village (c) Cultural conditions are one of the most important parts of the fishing community's life which are used as rules governing the behavior patterns of each member in the Polewali Village community life. Keywords: History, Socio-Economic Conditions


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