Preparation and Immunocharacterization of Probiotic DNA Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaur M ◽  
Bhatia A ◽  
Sethi D ◽  
Vig D ◽  
Kaur G
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Activity Maximum ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Assisted Delivery

The rise in infectious diseases as well as non infectious immune related disorders demand the need for the development of efficient immunomodulators. The chemical based drugs employed to cure these diseases may have the side effects and are costly. In the present era, consumer awareness about the harmful effects of chemical drugs raised a need to search for natural/alternative therapy for the disease treatment. Immunotherapy is one of the alternative ways of management/modification of diseases. Probiotics have been proved to be beneficial for human beings. Even its components such as cell wall, genomic DNA, etc act as foreign antigen to eukaryotic organisms and are immune enhancers. The immune enhancing efficacy of probiotic DNA might be increased by nanoparticle assisted delivery. Chitosan nanoparticles (chitosan NP) have been greatly explored and developed for pharmaceutical applications. Hence, the present study was conducted to prepare and characterize the probiotic genomic DNA loaded chitosan nanoparticles (DLCNP) and to compare their immunomodulatory potential with Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC343 (LA 343) whole cell and their isolated genomic DNA (LA DNA) in vitro as well as in experimental animals. The characterization studies revealed that nanoparticles size ranging from 350 to 515nm were prepared with a positive zeta potential in between +8.71 to +17.7mV. In vitro experiments proved that LA 343, LA DNA, DLCNP showed immune enhancing activity; maximum being shown by DLCNP. Further, in vivo experiments demonstrated that DLCNP show significantly higher activity than LA DNA. Moreover, study on routes of administration indicated that i.m route is best for giving LA DNA whereas, i.p route is better for nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Efficiency of GnRH–Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Inducing LH Secretion and Fertile Ovulations in Protocols for Artificial Insemination in Rabbit Does

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Eman M. Hassanein ◽  
Nesrein M. Hashem ◽  
Kheir El-Din M. El-Azrak ◽  
Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes ◽  
Gamal A. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Routes Of Administration

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)–loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GnRH–ChNPs) were used at different doses and routes of administration to induce ovulation in rabbits as an attempt to improve artificial insemination (AI) procedures and outcomes. In this study, the characteristics (size, polydispersity, loading efficiency, and zeta-potential) of GnRH–ChNPs and the GnRH release pattern were determined in an in vitro study. A first in vivo study assessed the pituitary and ovarian response to different GnRH–ChNPs doses and routes of administration (two i.m. doses, Group HM = 0.4 µg and Group QM = 0.2 µg, and two intravaginal doses, Group HV = 4 µg and Group QV = 2 µg) against a control group (C) receiving bare GnRH (0.8 µg). The HM, QM, and HV treatments induced an earlier LH-surge (90 min) than that observed in group C (120 min), whilst the QV treatment failed to induce such LH surge. The number of ovulation points was similar among treatments, except for the QV treatment (no ovulation points). A second in vivo study was consequently developed to determine the hormonal (progesterone, P4, and estradiol, E2) profile and pregnancy outcomes of both HM and HV treatments against group C. The treatment HM, but not the treatment HV, showed adequate P4 and E2 concentrations, conception and parturition rates, litter size, litter weight, and viability rate at birth. Overall, the use of GnRH–ChNPs allows for a reduction in the conventional intramuscular GnRH dose to half without compromising fertility. However, the addition of GnRH–ChNPs to semen extenders, although successfully inducing ovulation, has negative impacts on fertility. Thus, more studies are needed to explore this point and allow further adjustments.

Chitosan propolis nanocomposite alone or in combination with apramycin: an alternative therapy for multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in rabbits: in vitro and in vivo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan M. A. El-Sheikh ◽  
Abd El-Alim F. Abd El-Alim ◽  
Hosny A. Ibrahim ◽  
Elham A. Mobarez ◽  
Walaa A. El-Sayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Content Type

Introduction. The emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains has increased the need for safe, alternative therapies from natural sources with antibacterial properties. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. There are no published data regarding the use of chitosan propolis nanocomposite (CPNP) either alone or in combination with antibiotics as antimicrobials against S. Typhimurium, especially in Egypt. Aim. This study evaluated the antibacterial activities of five antimicrobials [apramycin, propolis, chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), chitosan propolis nanocomposite (CPNP) and CPNP +apramycin] against ten virulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Typhimurium field strains recovered from diarrheic rabbits through in vitro and in vivo study. Methodology. The expression levels of three virulence genes of S. Typhimurium strains were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) after exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of apramycin, propolis, CNPs, CPNP alone, and CPNP +apramycin. Additionally, 90 New Zealand rabbits were divided into control and experimentally S. Typhimurium-infected groups. The infected rabbits were orally administered saline solution (infected–untreated); 10 mg apramycin/kg (infected–apramycin-treated); 50 mg propolis/kg (infected–propolis-treated); 15 mg CPNP/kg (infected–CPNP-treated) and 15 mg CPNP +10 mg apramycin/kg (infected–CPNP +apramycin-treated) for 5 days. Results. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed different degrees of downregulation of all screened genes. Furthermore, the treatment of infected rabbits with CPNP or CPNP +apramycin significantly improved performance parameters, and total bacterial and Salmonella species counts, while also modulating both oxidative stress and altered liver and kidney parameters. Conclusion. This work demonstrates the use of CPNP alone or in combination with apramycin in the treatment of S. Typhimurium in rabbits.

ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF COLLOIDAL SILVER BISILICATE IN EXPERIMENTAL IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
Margarita Tyndyk ◽  
Irina Popovich ◽  
A. Malek ◽  
R. Samsonov ◽  
N. Germanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Ehrlich Carcinoma ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

The paper presents the results of the research on the antitumor activity of a new drug - atomic clusters of silver (ACS), the colloidal solution of nanostructured silver bisilicate Ag6Si2O7 with particles size of 1-2 nm in deionized water. In vitro studies to evaluate the effect of various ACS concentrations in human tumor cells cultures (breast cancer, colon carcinoma and prostate cancer) were conducted. The highest antitumor activity of ACS was observed in dilutions from 2.7 mg/l to 5.1 mg/l, resulting in the death of tumor cells in all studied cell cultures. In vivo experiments on transplanted Ehrlich carcinoma model in mice consuming 0.75 mg/kg ACS with drinking water revealed significant inhibition of tumor growth since the 14th day of experiment (maximally by 52% on the 28th day, p < 0.05) in comparison with control. Subcutaneous injections of 2.5 mg/kg ACS inhibited Ehrlich's tumor growth on the 7th and 10th days of the experiment (p < 0.05) as compared to control.

scholarly journals Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Current Findings,Challenges, and Future Applications

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Nader Kameli ◽  
Anya Dragojlovic-Kerkache ◽  
Paul Savelkoul ◽  
Frank R. Stassen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Protocol Standardization ◽  
Insight Into

In recent years, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have gained the interest of many experts in fields such as microbiology and immunology, and research in this field has exponentially increased. These nano-sized particles have provided researchers with a number of interesting findings, making their application in human health and disease very promising. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that PDEVs can exhibit a multitude of effects, suggesting that these vesicles may have many potential future applications, including therapeutics and nano-delivery of compounds. While the preliminary results are promising, there are still some challenges to face, such as a lack of protocol standardization, as well as knowledge gaps that need to be filled. This review aims to discuss various aspects of PDEV knowledge, including their preliminary findings, challenges, and future uses, giving insight into the complexity of conducting research in this field.

scholarly journals Osteoprotective Effects of Loganic Acid on Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Cells and Osteoporosis-Induced Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Eunkuk Park ◽  
Chang Gun Lee ◽  
Eunguk Lim ◽  
Seokjin Hwang ◽  
Seung Hee Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Loss ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Osteoporosis is a common disease caused by an imbalance of processes between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts in postmenopausal women. The roots of Gentiana lutea L. (GL) are reported to have beneficial effects on various human diseases related to liver functions and gastrointestinal motility, as well as on arthritis. Here, we fractionated and isolated bioactive constituent(s) responsible for anti-osteoporotic effects of GL root extract. A single phytochemical compound, loganic acid, was identified as a candidate osteoprotective agent. Its anti-osteoporotic effects were examined in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with loganic acid significantly increased osteoblastic differentiation in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells by promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and increasing mRNA expression levels of bone metabolic markers such as Alpl, Bglap, and Sp7. However, loganic acid inhibited osteoclast differentiation of primary-cultured monocytes derived from mouse bone marrow. For in vivo experiments, the effect of loganic acid on ovariectomized (OVX) mice was examined for 12 weeks. Loganic acid prevented OVX-induced bone mineral density loss and improved bone structural properties in osteoporotic model mice. These results suggest that loganic acid may be a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Regorafenib-Attenuated, Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting the TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1985
Author(s):  
Xiaohe Li ◽  
Ling Ma ◽  
Kai Huang ◽  
Yuli Wei ◽  
Shida Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Tgf Β1

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal and age-related pulmonary disease. Nintedanib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and one of the only two listed drugs against IPF. Regorafenib is a novel, orally active, multi-kinase inhibitor that has similar targets to nintedanib and is applied to treat colorectal cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumors in patients. In this study, we first identified that regorafenib could alleviate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. The in vivo experiments indicated that regorafenib suppresses collagen accumulation and myofibroblast activation. Further in vitro mechanism studies showed that regorafenib inhibits the activation and migration of myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix production, mainly through suppressing the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. In vitro studies have also indicated that regorafenib could augment autophagy in myofibroblasts by suppressing TGF-β1/mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling, and could promote apoptosis in myofibroblasts. In conclusion, regorafenib attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds from Herbal Medicine Targeting Multiple Myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4451
Author(s):  
Coralia Cotoraci ◽  
Alina Ciceu ◽  
Alciona Sasu ◽  
Eftimie Miutescu ◽  
Anca Hermenean
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Inhibition Of Proliferation ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Clonal Proliferation ◽  
Hematological Cancers ◽  
Monoclonal Proteins

Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most widespread hematological cancers. It is characterized by a clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and by the overproduction of monoclonal proteins. In recent years, the survival rate of patients with multiple myeloma has increased significantly due to the use of transplanted stem cells and of the new therapeutic agents that have significantly increased the survival rate, but it still cannot be completely cured and therefore the development of new therapeutic products is needed. Moreover, many patients have various side effects and face the development of drug resistance to current therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight the bioactive active compounds (flavonoids) and herbal extracts which target dysregulated signaling pathway in MM, assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments or clinical studies, in order to explore their healing potential targeting multiple myeloma. Mechanistically, they demonstrated the ability to promote cell cycle blockage and apoptosis or autophagy in cancer cells, as well as inhibition of proliferation/migration/tumor progression, inhibition of angiogenesis in the tumor vascular network. Current research provides valuable new information about the ability of flavonoids to enhance the apoptotic effects of antineoplastic drugs, thus providing viable therapeutic options based on combining conventional and non-conventional therapies in MM therapeutic protocols.

scholarly journals UBE2C Drives Human Cervical Cancer Progression and Is Positively Modulated by mTOR

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
An-Jen Chiang ◽  
Chia-Jung Li ◽  
Kuan-Hao Tsui ◽  
Chung Chang ◽  
Yuan-chin Ivan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme

Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy, accounting for 10% of all gynecological cancers. Recently, targeted therapy for cervical cancer has shown unprecedented advantages. Several studies have shown that ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2C) is highly expressed in a series of tumors, and participates in the progression of these tumors. However, the possible impact of UBE2C on the progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) remains unclear. Here, we carried out tissue microarray analysis of paraffin-embedded tissues from 294 cervical cancer patients with FIGO/TNM cancer staging records. The results indicated that UBE2C was highly expressed in human CESC tissues and its expression was related to the clinical characteristics of CESC patients. Overexpression and knockdown of UBE2C enhanced and reduced cervical cancer cell proliferation, respectively, in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that UBE2C regulated the expression and activity of the mTOR/PI3K/AKT pathway. In summary, we confirmed that UBE2C is involved in the process of CESC and that UBE2C may represent a molecular target for CESC treatment.

scholarly journals Exosomal Vimentin from Adipocyte Progenitors Protects Fibroblasts against Osmotic Stress and Inhibits Apoptosis to Enhance Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4678
Author(s):  
Sepideh Parvanian ◽  
Hualian Zha ◽  
Dandan Su ◽  
Lifang Xi ◽  
Yaming Jiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Adipocyte Progenitors ◽  
Osmotic Balance ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Mechanical stress following injury regulates the quality and speed of wound healing. Improper mechanotransduction can lead to impaired wound healing and scar formation. Vimentin intermediate filaments control fibroblasts’ response to mechanical stress and lack of vimentin makes cells significantly vulnerable to environmental stress. We previously reported the involvement of exosomal vimentin in mediating wound healing. Here we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the effect of wide-type and vimentin knockout exosomes in accelerating wound healing under osmotic stress condition. Our results showed that osmotic stress increases the size and enhances the release of exosomes. Furthermore, our findings revealed that exosomal vimentin enhances wound healing by protecting fibroblasts against osmotic stress and inhibiting stress-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that exosomes could be considered either as a stress modifier to restore the osmotic balance or as a conveyer of stress to induce osmotic stress-driven conditions.

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