scholarly journals The Fundamentals and Potential Applications of Chitosan in Dental Sciences: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1621-1626
Author(s):  
Gopi Chander N
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Tissue Replacement ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Reactive Groups ◽  
Potential Applications

Chitosan is significant and more promising biomaterial. It is a commonly available polysaccharide and easy to synthesis: the structure and the reactive groups of chitosan aid in obtaining an extended modification of chitosan for various applications. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of chitosan are significant, among them the antimicrobial, biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic are of importance. Earlier it was widely used for industrial applications. The superior biological properties, along with other advantages, has enhanced the applications in biomedical and dentistry. It is widely used for bone regeneration, tissue replacement, drug delivery, wound healing, anti-plaque, anti-cariogenic and modifying of dental materials to obtain better properties. Mostly the studies are in primitive research. More studies are to be done to obtain the best advantages of the material. The understanding of the material and its usage are useful for extended for further developments. This review provides information on chitosan on material, properties, synthesis and applications.

scholarly journals Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1050-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaison Jeevanandam ◽  
Ahmed Barhoum ◽  
Yen S Chan ◽  
Alain Dufresne ◽  
Michael K Danquah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Toxic Reactions

Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the unique properties of NMs increases the value of each classification. Due to increased growth of production of NMs and their industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable. The aim of this review is to compare synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and to define the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk assessment of NPs and NSMs in the environment. The review presents an overview of the history and classifications of NMs and gives an overview of the various sources of NPs and NSMs, from natural to synthetic, and their toxic effects towards mammalian cells and tissue. Additionally, the types of toxic reactions associated with NPs and NSMs and the regulations implemented by different countries to reduce the associated risks are also discussed.

scholarly journals A New Generation of Electrospun Fibers Containing Bioactive Glass Particles for Wound Healing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5651
Author(s):  
Rachele Sergi ◽  
Valeria Cannillo ◽  
Aldo R. Boccaccini ◽  
Liliana Liverani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cellular Viability ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Biological Performance

Chitosan fibers blended with polyethylene oxide (CHIT_PEO) and crosslinked with genipin were fabricated by electrospinning technique. Subsequently, CHIT_PEO bioactive glass composite electrospun mats were fabricated with the aim to achieve flexible structures with adequate mechanical properties and improved biological performance respect to CHIT_PEO fibers, for potential applications in wound healing. Three different compositions of bioactive glasses (BG) were selected and investigated: 45S5 BG, a Sr and Mg containing bioactive glass (BGMS10) and a Zn-containing bioactive glass (BGMS_2Zn). Particulate BGs (particles size < 20 μm) were separately added to the starting CHIT_PEO solution before electrospinning. The two recently developed bioactive glasses (BGMS10 and BGMS_2Zn) showed very promising biological properties in terms of bioactivity and cellular viability; thus, such compositions were added for the first time to CHIT_PEO solution to fabricate composite electrospun mats. The incorporation of bioactive glass particles and their distribution into CHIT_PEO fibers were assessed by SEM and FTIR analyses. Furthermore, CHIT_PEO composite electrospun mats showed improved mechanical properties in terms of Young’s Modulus compared to neat CHIT_PEO fibers; on the contrary, the values of tensile strain at break (%) were comparable. Biological performance in terms of cellular viability was investigated by means of WST-8 assay and CHIT_PEO composite electrospun mats showed cytocompatibility and the desired cellular viability.

scholarly journals Nanostructures: General information. The use of nanoobjects in medicine and cosmetology

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Paulina Dębek ◽  
Agnieszka Feliczak-Guzik ◽  
Izabela Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
General Information ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Better Than

The general tendency towards the miniaturization of technological systems and materials has prompted intensive development of nanotechnology. It is a quickly developing area of science devoted to the production and application of nanomaterial structures defined as those whose one size does not exceed 100 nm. Nanostructures have been found to show new physical, chemical and biological properties often better than the corresponding materials made of particles of micrometric or macrometric sizes, so they have become of great interest in many areas of industry as well as other areas [22], such as medicine and cosmetology. According to literature and Scopus database, Fig. 1, the most popular nanostructures used in medicine and cosmetology, besides silver and gold nanoparticles, are those of other transition metals such as platinum, palladium or ruthenium. This paper is concerned with the wide range of present and potential applications of nanomaterials in medicine and cosmetology.

scholarly journals Characterization of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Rhizobia Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1566-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Cristina Luque Castellane ◽  
Alda Maria Machado Bueno Otoboni ◽  
Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Reactive Groups ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT Increasing attention has been given, over the past decades, to the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from rhizobia, due to their various biotechnological applications. Overall characterization of biopolymers involves evaluation of their chemical, physical, and biological properties; this evaluation is a key factor in understanding their behavior in different environments, which enables researchers to foresee their potential applications. Our focus was to study the EPS produced by Mesorhizobium huakuii LMG14107, M. loti LMG6125, M. plurifarium LMG11892,Rhizobium giardini bv. giardiniH152T, R. mongolense LMG19141, andSinorhizobium (= Ensifer)kostiense LMG19227 in a RDM medium with glycerol as a carbon source. These biopolymers were isolated and characterized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. Maximum exopolysaccharide production was 3.10, 2.72, and 2.50 g L-1for the strains LMG6125, LMG19227, and LMG19141, respectively. The purified EPS revealed prominent functional reactive groups, such as hydroxyl and carboxylic, which correspond to a typical heteropolysaccharide. The EPS are composed primarily of galactose and glucose. Minor components found were rhamnose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid. Indeed, from the results of techniques applied in this study, it can be noted that the EPS are species-specific heteropolysaccharide polymers composed of common sugars that are substituted by non-carbohydrate moieties. In addition, analysis of these results indicates that rhizobial EPS can be classified into five groups based on ester type, as determined from the 13C NMR spectra. Knowledge of the EPS composition now facilitates further investigations relating polysaccharide structure and dynamics to rheological properties.

Optical Properties and Antibacterial Bioactivity of ZnO Nanopowder Annealed in Different Ambient

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuo Ann Ling ◽  
Shahrom Mahmud ◽  
Khadijah Mohd Bakhori Siti ◽  
Sirelkhatim Amna ◽  
Mohamad Dasmawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Zno Nanopowder ◽  
Nanoparticle Drug Delivery

Nanomaterials have attracted much attention for their unique properties and promising performance compared to macroscopic materials. Nanotechnology refer to the cutting-edge approach of synthesis and modification of nanomaterials whose structures exhibit novel and improved physical, chemical, biological properties and functionality due to their nanoscaled size [1-2]. The ongoing revolution of the technology has imposed significant impact into several areas of biomedical research and engineering applications. Among the biomedical application include nanoparticle drug delivery, cell imaging, and cancer therapy.

scholarly journals OVERVIEW ON METHODS OF SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
NILESH PATIL ◽  
RAJVEER BHASKAR ◽  
VISHAL VYAVHARE ◽  
RAHUL DHADGE ◽  
VAISHNAVI KHAIRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis

In recent years, interest in the development of novel drug delivery systems using nanoparticles has gained more attention. The nanoparticles offer several advantages over other conventional drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles have gained importance in technological advancements due to their modifiable physical, chemical and biological properties with improved performance over their bulk foils. Nanoparticles can simply move in the body due to their small size and reach very complex organs through diverse routes. The high stability, controlled drug release makes nanoparticles the most suitable drug delivery system. Along with all these advantages, they offer variety in routes of administration. Both hydrophilic, as well as hydrophobic drugs, can be delivered in the form of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have been used as a physical approach to modify and advance the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics possessions of various types of drug molecules. Thesol-gel technique is a stress-free and very inexpensive process to formulate metal oxides and permits control over the doping process or adding of transition metals, as related to other research techniques. The study of different methods of synthesis of nanoparticles is essential to obtain desired nanoparticles with specific sizes and shapes. They are suitable candidates for various marketable and local applications, which include imaging, catalysis medical applications and environmental applications. This review mainly focuses on approaches used for the production of nanoparticles and different methods of synthesis of nanoparticles such as physical, chemical and biological method.

Cellular Computing

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Logic Circuits ◽  
Cellular Computing ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Living Organisms

The completion of the first draft of the human genome has led to an explosion of interest in genetics and molecular biology. The view of the genome as a network of interacting computational components is well-established, but researchers are now trying to reverse the analogy, by using living organisms to construct logic circuits. The potential applications for such technologies is huge, ranging from bio-sensors, through industrial applications to drug delivery and diagnostics. This book would be the first to deal with the implementation of this technology, describing several working experimental demonstrations using cells as components of logic circuits, building toward computers incorporating biological components in their functioning.

Chitosan: A Multifunctional Polymer

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-276
Author(s):  
Rupinder Kaur ◽  
Ujjwal Nautiyal ◽  
Alok Semwal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Novel Drug

Chitin is the most important natural polysaccharide after cellulose, found in crustaceous shell or in cell walls of fungi. Chitosan, one of the natural multifunctional polymers, due to its unique and versatile biological properties is regarded as a useful compound in medical and pharmaceutical technology. In recent times chitosan has been far and wide used as a popular formulation excipient due to its inimitable characteristics in the field of pharmaceutical sciences as binding, disintegrating, stabilizing, suspending, tablet coating, and film forming material. Recently, considerable research effort has been made in order to develop safe and efficient chitosan products. Chitosan has been comprehensively investigated for its suitability for its controlled release characteristics in various studies. Oral delivery of genes and peptides by means of different formulations based on chitosan is also investigated in various examinations by the capability of its absorption and penetration enhancing properties. It is possessing tremendous mucoadhesive and inherent anti-microbial properties, so that it can be used as a carrier for novel drug delivery. In addition to the above mentioned reasons, tailoring the controlled release and to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the low molecular weight drug compounds can also be achieved by this polymer and moreover in combination with various polymers is feasible due its compatibility i.e. low chemical reactivity. This brief editorial epitomizes the potential applications of chitosan in novel drug delivery systems.

scholarly journals Glycosylated-Chitosan Derivatives: A Systematic Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Sacco ◽  
Michela Cok ◽  
Francesca Scognamiglio ◽  
Chiara Pizzolitto ◽  
Federica Vecchies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Chitosan Derivatives ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Biomedical Field

Chitosan derivatives, and more specifically, glycosylated derivatives, are nowadays attracting much attention within the scientific community due to the fact that this set of engineered polysaccharides finds application in different sectors, spanning from food to the biomedical field. Overcoming chitosan (physical) limitations or grafting biological relevant molecules, to mention a few, represent two cardinal strategies to modify parent biopolymer; thereby, synthetizing high added value polysaccharides. The present review is focused on the introduction of oligosaccharide side chains on the backbone of chitosan. The synthetic aspects and the effect on physical-chemical properties of such modifications are discussed. Finally, examples of potential applications in biomaterials design and drug delivery of these novel modified chitosans are disclosed.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Chemically-Modified and Hybrid Carrageenan-Based Platforms for Drug Delivery, Wound Healing, and Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1744
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Mokhtari ◽  
Shima Tavakoli ◽  
Fereshteh Safarpour ◽  
Mahshid Kharaziha ◽  
Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Ionic Crosslinking ◽  
Crosslinking Process ◽  
Recent Advances

Recently, many studies have focused on carrageenan-based hydrogels for biomedical applications thanks to their intrinsic properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, resembling native glycosaminoglycans, antioxidants, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and anticoagulant properties. They can easily change to three-dimensional hydrogels using a simple ionic crosslinking process. However, there are some limitations, including the uncontrollable exchange of ions and the formation of a brittle hydrogel, which can be overcome via simple chemical modifications of polymer networks to form chemically crosslinked hydrogels with significant mechanical properties and a controlled degradation rate. Additionally, the incorporation of various types of nanoparticles and polymer networks into carrageenan hydrogels has resulted in the formation of hybrid platforms with significant mechanical, chemical and biological properties, making them suitable biomaterials for drug delivery (DD), tissue engineering (TE), and wound healing applications. Herein, we aim to overview the recent advances in various chemical modification approaches and hybrid carrageenan-based platforms for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document