Suspected alimentary poisoning by aluminium phosphide in horses – a case report

In November 2018, a horse owner from the Czech Republic experienced the loss of two of his stallions in consequence of probable poisoning. The affected animals were kept in the stable only. The mares, which were grazing on pasture during the day, were not affected. All the animals were fed the same type of feed. The day before the animals became sick, between 15:00 to 19:00 h the stable was not secured against the entry of strangers. When the mares were brought back to the stable and all animals were closed and locked for the night, no signs of health issues were observed. In the following morning, the two stallions were found in lateral recumbency with seizure attacks. Despite symptomatic treatment (infusion with saline, flunixine meglumine, activated charcoal) and applications of myorelaxants, the symptoms persisted until the afternoon, and the owner agreed with euthanasia. Based on the clinical signs and pathological examination, poisoning by pesticides was suspected. The results of toxicological analyses revealed that carbofuran, metaldehyde, and strychnine were not responsible for the poisoning as they were not detected in the samples. The only positive finding was a high aluminium concentration in the stomach content, liver and kidney samples. Based on the observed symptoms and the high aluminium concentration, it was presumed that aluminium phosphide could be the source of poisoning. As there was no evidence of the possession of such product by the horse breeder and the stable stayed unsupervised for a few hours, intentional poisoning cannot be excluded.

Download Full-text

Aquaporins Alteration Profiles Revealed Different Actions of Senna, Sennosides, and Sennoside A in Diarrhea-Rats

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19103210 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 3210 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yixin Cao ◽

Ying He ◽

Cong Wei ◽

Jing Li ◽

Lejing Qu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expression Profiles ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Organ Index ◽

Study Results ◽

Scientific Justification ◽

Main Components ◽

Kidney Liver ◽

Effective Laxative

Senna and its main components sennosides are well-known effective laxative drugs and are used in the treatment of intestinal constipation in the world. Their potential side effects have attracted more attention in clinics but have little scientific justification. In this study, senna extract (SE), sennosides (SS), and sennoside A (SA) were prepared and used to generate diarrhea rats. The diarrhea rats were investigated with behaviors, clinical signs, organ index, pathological examination, and gene expression on multiple aquaporins (Aqps) including Aqp1, Aqp2, Aqp3, Aqp4, Aqp5, Aqp6, Aqp7, Aqp8, Aqp9, and Aqp11. Using qRT-PCR, the Aqp expression profiles were constructed for six organs including colon, kidney, liver, spleen, lung, and stomach. The Aqp alteration profiles were characterized and was performed with Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The SE treatments on the rats resulted in a significant body weight loss (p < 0.001), significant increases (p < 0.001) on the kidney index (27.72%) and liver index (42.55%), and distinguished changes with up-regulation on Aqps expressions in the kidneys and livers. The SS treatments showed prominent laxative actions and down regulation on Aqps expression in the colons. The study results indicated that the SE had more influence/toxicity on the kidneys and livers. The SS showed more powerful actions on the colons. We suggest that the caution should be particularly exercised in the patients with kidney and liver diseases when chronic using senna-based products.

Download Full-text

Anterior cruciate ligament ganglion: case report

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802002000600009 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 120 (6) ◽

pp. 195-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

André Pedrinelli ◽

Fábio Bonini Castellana ◽

Ricardo Bragança de Vasconcellos Fontes ◽

Rafael Ferreira Coelho ◽

Luiz Álvaro de Menezes F°.

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽

Case Report ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Left Knee ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Anterior Cruciate

CONTEXT: A ganglion is a cystic formation close to joints or tendinous sheaths, frequently found in the wrist, foot or knee. Intra-articular ganglia of the knee are rare, and most of them are located in the anterior cruciate ligament. The clinical picture for these ganglia comprises pain and movement restrictions in the knee, causing significant impairment to the patient. Symptoms are non-specific, and anterior cruciate ligament ganglia are usually diagnosed through magnetic resonance imaging or arthroscopy. Not all ganglia diagnosed through magnetic resonance imaging need to undergo surgical treatment: only those that cause clinical signs and symptoms do. Surgical results are considered good or excellent in the vast majority of cases. CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old male presented with pain in the left knee during a marathon race. Physical examination revealed limitation in the maximum range of knee extension and pain in the posterior aspect of the left knee. Radiographs of the left knee were normal, but magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multi-lobed cystic structure adjacent to the anterior cruciate ligament, which resembled a ganglion cyst. The mass was removed through arthroscopy, and pathological examination revealed a synovial cyst. Patient recovery was excellent, and he resumed his usual training routine five months later.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of paratuberculosis infection in sheep

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1404165v ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (3-4) ◽

pp. 165-174

Author(s):

Branka Vidic ◽

Zivoslav Grgic ◽

Milovan Jovicin ◽

Zoran Rasic ◽

Sara Savic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Positive Finding ◽

Clinical Form ◽

Control Programs ◽

Progressive Weight Loss ◽

Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽

Positive Results

Paratuberculosis is an incurable chronic disease of ruminants, which is manifested with clinical signs of diarrhea and progressive weight loss. Causative agent is Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and the disiase occurs in cattle, sheep and goats. The outspread of paratuberculosis is huge in the whole world, especially in the countries where animal breeding is a developed branch of economy. Animals get infected with food and water contaminated with feces of infected animals. The infection spreads within infected pastures and also when trading animals with latent infection. Clinical manifestation of the disease can firstly be noticed in young categories of sheep, which is different than in cattle. Primary clinical symptom is chronic weight loss. It is rather hard to determine the level of prevalence of the disease, in a certain region, because the diagnostic procedure is complex and not always reliable enough. Detection of antibodies with ELISA test is considered a method of choice for diagnostic of paratuberculosis, because of fast gaining of the results and relatively low price of the test. By applying the ELISA test, we have analysed 2000 sheep blood samples. Positive results for paratuberculosis were found in 66 ( 3,30%) animals in total. In sheep samples from southern Backa region, positive findings were gained from 42 (3,89%) samples, and in Srem region, positive finding were found in samples from 24 sheep (2,60%). Control programs are based on the removal of all infected animals, application of general preventive measures and vaccination. Application of vaccination aims for elimination of clinical form of the disease. An effective treatment has not been determined so far.

Download Full-text

N-Acetylcysteine Alleviated the Deltamethrin-Induced Oxidative Cascade and Apoptosis in Liver and Kidney Tissues

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020638 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 638

Author(s):

Ali Allam ◽

Ahmed Abdeen ◽

Hari Prasad Devkota ◽

Samar S. Ibrahim ◽

Gehan Youssef ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Health Issues ◽

Significant Protection ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Molecular Alterations ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Antioxidant Markers

Deltamethrin (DLM) is a synthetic pyrethroid with anti-acaricide and insecticidal properties. It is commonly used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Humans and animals are exposed to DLM through the ingestion of polluted food and water, resulting in severe health issues. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a prodrug of L-cysteine, the precursor to glutathione. It can restore the oxidant-antioxidant balance. Therefore, this research aimed to examine whether NAC may protect broiler chickens against oxidative stress, at the level of biochemical and molecular alterations caused by DLM intoxication. The indicators of liver and kidney injury in the serum of DLM-intoxicated and NAC-treated groups were examined. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant markers, superoxide dismutase activity, and apoptotic gene expressions (caspase-3 and Bcl-2) were investigated. All parameters were significantly altered in the DLM-intoxicated group, suggesting that DLM could induce oxidative damage and apoptosis in hepato-renal tissue. The majority of the changes in the studied parameters were reversed when NAC therapy was used. In conclusion, by virtue of its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, NAC enabled the provision of significant protection effects against DLM-induced hepato-renal injury.

Download Full-text

Neurodegenerative disorders in older people

Oxford Textbook of Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0061 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 601-611

Author(s):

John Hindle

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older People ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Genetic Susceptibility ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

Neuronal Death ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Symptomatic Treatment ◽

Structure And Function ◽

And Function

Neurodegenerative disorders are associated with a progressive loss of structure and function of neurones that leads to neuronal death. Their aetiology combines ageing, genetic susceptibility, and risk factors including environmental exposure, balanced against protective factors. They present with varying combinations of progressive cognitive, emotional, motor, autonomic and peripheral symptoms, and clinical signs. Neurodegenerative conditions are all likely to have a preclinical prodromal period, followed by slow initial decline during which there is clinical presentation, followed by a further steady decline and an eventual accelerated decline. The rate of progression of these disorders varies greatly, but they are all inevitably progressive, currently have no cure, and require symptomatic treatment.

Download Full-text

Toxicological Investigations of Aristolochia longa Root Extracts

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2020/7643573 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Nasreddine El Omari ◽

Omar El Blidi ◽

Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽

Karima Sayah ◽

Saad Bakrim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

Global Analysis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Experimental Period ◽

High Dose ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Potential ◽

Liver And Kidney

Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is an herbaceous plant recognized in alternative medicine for its many therapeutic virtues. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacotoxicological effects of this plant in order to ensure safe clinical use. The oral toxicity of the aqueous extract of A. longa roots was performed in vivo on Wistar rats at doses of 0.8, 1.25, 2, 2.5, and 5 g/kg/day for 21 days. Clinical signs were observed throughout the experimental period, followed by measurement of body weight change, while selected biochemical parameters, as well as relative organ weights and the histology of liver, kidney, and intestinal tissues, were evaluated after 6, 11, and 16 days and then at the end of 21 days of daily administration. At repeated doses for 21 days, the extract contributed to significant weight gain, in both control and treated rats. The global analysis of hepatic and renal biomarkers showed a significant increase between control and different doses of the extract, from the first to the third week of treatment, indicating the likely toxic effect of the extract on liver and kidney function. Organ toxicity was confirmed by histopathological examination, which revealed greater renal and hepatic parenchymal changes in animals treated with a high dose beyond the 16th day. At the end of the treatment, relatively small size of intestinal villi was also observed. It was concluded that ALAE has a low toxicity potential in nonprolonged oral administrations. However, at high chronic oral doses, A. longa appears to have significant toxicity on the organs tested.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of PPR of Goat and Their Response to Antibiotic Treatment at Mirzaganj Upazila of Patuakhali Distrtict

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14811 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 181-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MS Islam ◽

MSI Khan ◽

HA Kader ◽

MR Begum ◽

MA Asgar

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Symptomatic Treatment ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Pathological Lesions ◽

Vaccination History ◽

Age Category

The study was conducted at Upazila Livestock Office from 1st January to 31th March, 2010 to observe the prevalence of PPR in goat at Mirzaganj upazila in Patuakhali District. A total of 183 goats were examined based on the clinical signs and gross pathological lesions of which 92 were PPR affected makes up 50.27%. After categorizing the animals according to their breed, age and vaccination history it was revealed that Black Bengal goats were more susceptible (54.93 %) than Jamunapari (31.38 %). The prevalence of PPR was maximum 63.33% at age category of 7-12 months, in compare with 44.68%, 41.87%, 45.45% at age category of ? 6 months, 13-18 months and ? 19 months respectively. Non-vaccinated goats were more susceptible (66.40%) to PPR infection than vaccinated goats (19.56%). Parental (I/M) Oxytetracycline was more effective (64%) than parental (I/M) Sulphadimidine (44%) along with symptomatic treatment. PPR causes higher mortality and heavy economic losses in every year which may be reduced substantially by proper vaccination and other managemental approaches.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14811 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 181-184 2012

Download Full-text

A Sequential Study on the Pathology of Peste Des Petits Ruminants and Tissue Distribution of the Virus Following Experimental Infection of Black Bengal Goats

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.635671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Shahana Begum ◽

Mohammed Nooruzzaman ◽

Mohammad Rafiqul Islam ◽

Emdadul Haque Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Experimental Infection ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Electrolyte Imbalance ◽

Effective Control ◽

Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽

Virus Shedding ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Ulcerative Lesions ◽

Lineage Iv

We studied the sequential pathology of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Black Bengal goats and analyzed virus distribution in tissues and virus shedding following experimental infection with a Bangladeshi isolate of lineage IV PPR virus (PPRV). The early clinical signs like fever, depression, and ocular and nasal discharges first appeared at 4–7 days post-infection (dpi). Three out of eight inoculated goats died at 13, 15, and 18 dpi, and the rest were killed at different time points from 5 to 18 dpi. Initially, the virus multiplied mostly in the lymphoid organs of the pharyngeal region and caused extensive lymphoid destruction and hemorrhages. This was followed by viremia, massive virus replication in the lungs, and pneumonia along with the appearance of the clinical signs. Subsequently, the virus spread to other organs causing necrotic and hemorrhagic lesions, as well as the virus localized in the upper respiratory, oral and intestinal mucosa resulting in catarrhal, erosive, and ulcerative lesions. On hematological and biochemical investigation progressive leukopenia and hypoproteinemia, a gradual increase of serum metabolites and enzymes associated with liver and kidney damage, and electrolyte imbalance were observed. Seroconversion started at 7 dpi and all the surviving animals had serum antibodies at 14 dpi. Virus shedding was observed in nasal and ocular secretions at 4 dpi and in feces and urine at 14 dpi, which gradually increased and continued till the end of the experiment (18 dpi) despite seroconversion. Therefore, the virus shedding of naturally infected seroconverted goats should be monitored for effective control strategies.

Download Full-text

Diagnostic criteria and result of treatment of Eagle syndrome

OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2-3(2) 2019 - OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY ◽

10.37219/2528-8253-2019-6-80 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 80-86

Author(s):

Sergey M. Pukhlik ◽

Anatoly P. Shchelkunov ◽

A.A. Shchelkunov

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Symptomatic Treatment ◽

Styloid Process ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Facial Area ◽

One Year ◽

Conservative And Surgical Treatment

Relevance: Styloid process syndrome – a disease which is caused by irritation of the styloid process of the temporal bone surrounding the nerve, vascular and muscle structures. The syndrome is manifested by chronic painin deep division of the facial area referred to the root of the tongue, throat and ear, dysphagia, symptoms of circulatory disorders of the brain. Because of the low awareness of the disease practical specialists usually miss the diagnoses. Patients with different diagnoses are treated by different specialists; most often the prescribed symptomatic treatment is ineffective or does not give any result at all. The syndrome causes severe suffering to patients, reduces the quality of life. Purpose of the study: Assess the most significant clinical signs of the disease, mutual work between hypertrophied styloid process with the neurovascular neck formations, the effectiveness of conservative and surgical treatment. Materials and methods: 144 people were examined and treated by us. Of these, 103 women (71,5%), 41 men (28,5%), aged 25 to 70 years. The disease lasts from one year until 10-15 years. Tomography of the styloid processes with 3D reconstruction and contrasting of the main vessels of the neck was used. Results of the study and the discussion: we proposed a grading scale for the quality of the treatment, the five-point scale. The quality of the treatment was assessed by the number of reduction in scores and, accordingly, patient complaints. Of the total number of patients – 144 people, the success of the treatment by 0 points was assessed by 60 people (that is, absence of any symptomatology) (41,7%), 1 point – 44 (30,5%), 2-3 points – 27 (18,7%), 4-5 points – 13 (9%), that is significant effect of the treatment was not achieved. To all those people with the result of the treatment was estimated at 4-5 points, respectively, was proposed an operative method of the treatment – the resection of the styloid process from the corresponding side. Conclusions: Because of the lack of knowledge of such important topic it is necessary to improve diagnostic methods. Hypertrophy of the styloid process is not the main reason of the development of styloid syndrome; the degree of deviation of the process is important. Conservative treatment in most cases has a lasting effect, but has repeated symptoms after a certain period of time; surgical treatment should be directed to the maximal resection of styloid process for decreasing the axis pressure on the neurovascular bundle of the neck.

Download Full-text

Intestinal tract and parenteral multi-organ sequential pathological injury caused by necrotizing enterocolitis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22105/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fu Sheng Wang ◽

Meng Lu Yu ◽

Wei Zhong Li ◽

Kai Hong ◽

Chen Bin Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Terminal Ileum ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Inflammatory Injury ◽

Leading Role ◽

Inflammatory Damage ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Organ Repair ◽

Injury And Repair

Abstract Background: To explore the relationship between the pathological changes of colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney, and the changes of Bax, PCNA and PAF in a rat model of NEC.Methods: 140 neonatal SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. NEC rat model is the experimental group. From the 1st day to the 7th day,10 rats were sampled in each group for pathological examination of colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney tissue. The levels of Bax, PCNA and PAF were investigated by immunohistochemistry.Results: On the 1st day, the colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney showed inflammatory damage. On the 5th day, inflammatory injury was decreased. The inflammatory injury was nearly gone by the 7th day. There were differences in the time of apoptosis in intestine. In the intestine, the proliferation of weak to strong. Bax in liver and kidney showed marked apoptosis and apoptosis time increased in lung. PCNA was elevated in lung, liver and kidney, and the expression of PAF in lung and liver was increased.Conclusions: NEC can lead to secondary injury of different degrees in colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney, and the degree and time of injury and repair were different. In general, organ repair played a leading role on the 4th day after modeling.

Download Full-text