scholarly journals Preclinical predictors of arterial hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
V. N. Dorogovtsev ◽  
V. B. Simonenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension Development

Arterial hypertension (AH) remains one of the most common diseases and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the 21st century. It determines the importance of a search for new factors provoking an increase in blood pressure. This review focuses on studies of preclinical predictors of hypertension. Orthostatic circulatory disorders with clinical signs of cardiovascular deconditioning are risk factors for the development of hypertension and CVD, accompanied by a more rapid increase in vascular stiff ness. Such abnormalities, even minor ones without clinical manifestations, increase the risk of hypertension development in the young population. The review deals with orthostatic changes in hemodynamics and features of neurohormonal change. It has been shown that adaptive processes counteracting an increase in hydrostatic pressure contribute to a significant transient increase in vascular stiff ness. The evolution of orthostatic hemodynamic disorders from preclinical to clinical forms accelerates the process of vascular wall remodeling, leading to a spontaneous increase in its rigidity — one of the significant risk factors for hypertension and CVD. To identify preclinical predictors, a new protocol of passive orthostatic test (POT) was developed. It was standardized not by the tilt angle, but by the height of the hydrostatic column. Further research is needed to evaluate the prognostic capabilities of predictors, to reveal the pathogenetic connection of orthostatic disorders with the development of hypertension, and to remodeling the vascular wall, which causes an increase in its rigidity. It is also required to search for ways to correct preclinical orthostatic disorders in healthy young population for early prevention of hypertension.

Assessment of risk factors for multifocal atherosclerosis in the workers of the main professions of coal enterprises in the South of Kuzbass

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
E. S. Filimonov ◽  
O. Yu. Korotenko ◽  
O. A. Rumpel ◽  
O. N. Blazhina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
The South ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Coal Enterprises

Introduction. The problem of high mortality from cardiovascular diseases is caused, among other things, by asymptomatic atherosclerosis, which proceeds latently for a long time and manifests itself as a serious vascular catastrophe, which is of particular importance for people working at production facilities with difficult and dangerous working conditions.The aim of the study was to assess the risk factors for atherosclerosis and the state of the vascular wall in the workers of the main professions of coal enterprises in the South of Kuzbass.Material and methods. In total, the study included 384 people (men), of whom 266 were the workers in coal mines in the South of Kuzbass and 118 people who were not employed in the coal industry, aged 40 to 55 years. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis was carried out on the ultrasound system “Vivid E9” of the manufacturing company GE using a linear sensor for measuring the thickness of the intima-media complex and visualization of atherosclerotic plaques. To identify significant risk factors, anthropometric, anamnestic data, indices of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and the presence of arterial hypertension were studied.Results. Significant differences in the frequency of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the form of an increase in intima-media thickness by more than 1 mm and / or the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in both groups were not found: 60.2% among the miners and 62.3% among non-coal mining workers (p=0.703); at the same time, the percentage of detection of atherosclerotic plaques in arteries was significantly lower among coal workers — 46.9% versus 60.5% among people in the comparison group (p=0.016). The common risk factors for all examined subjects were arterial hypertension and increased level of glycated hemoglobin; in turn, in coal miners additional risk factors were increased values of low density lipoproteins and waist-hip index, as well as burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases, and among the individuals not employed in the coal industry it was smoking.Conclusions. The most significant risk factors for atherosclerosis in coal industry workers were arterial hypertension, raised values of glycated hemoglobin, low density lipoproteins and waist-hip index, as well as burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases. Significant differences in the frequency of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the form of an increase in the thickness of the intima-media complex of the main arteries and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in both groups were not established, but the percentage of the detection of atherosclerotic plaques was lower among coal miners.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

scholarly journals Herpes Zoster in Solid Organ Transplantation: Incidence and Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia M. L. Kho ◽  
Stefan Roest ◽  
Dominique M. Bovée ◽  
Herold J. Metselaar ◽  
Rogier A. S. Hoek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Cmv Prophylaxis

BackgroundStudies on herpes zoster (HZ) incidence in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients report widely varying numbers. We investigated HZ incidence, severity, and risk factors in recipients of four different SOTs, with a follow-up time of 6–14 years.MethodsRecords of 1,033 transplant recipients after first heart (HTx: n = 211), lung (LuTx: n = 121), liver (LiTx: n = 258) and kidney (KTx: n = 443) transplantation between 2000 and 2014 were analyzed for VZV-PCR, clinical signs of HZ, and complications.ResultsHZ was diagnosed in 108 of 1,033 patients (10.5%): 36 HTx, 17 LuTx, 15 LiTx, and 40 KTx recipients. Overall HZ incidence rate after HTx (30.7 cases/1,000 person–years (PY)), LuTx (38.8 cases/1,000 PY), LiTx (22.7 cases/1,000 PY) and KTx (14.5 cases/1,000 PY) was significantly higher than in the general 50–70 year population. Multivariable analysis demonstrated age ≥50 years at transplantation (p = 0.038, RR 1.536), type of organ transplant (overall p = 0.002; LuTx p = 0.393; RR 1.314; LiTx p = 0.011, RR 0.444; KTx p = 0.034, RR 0.575), CMV prophylaxis (p = 0.043, RR 0.631) and type of anti-rejection therapy (overall p = 0.020; methylprednisolone p = 0.008, RR 0.475; r-ATG p = 0.64, RR1.194) as significant risk factors. Complications occurred in 33 of 108 (31%) patients (39% of HTx, 47% of LuTx, 20% of LiTx, 20% of KTx): post-herpetic neuralgia, disseminated disease, and cranial nerve involvement.ConclusionHZ incidence and severity in SOT recipients are most pronounced after heart and lung transplantation, in older patients, and when CMV prophylaxis is lacking.

scholarly journals CLINICAL FEATURES OF THE REHABILITATION PERIOD AFTER THE PREVIOS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE WITH ACCOUNT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
І. P. Vakaliuk ◽  
K. V. Levandovska ◽  
N. B. Tymochko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Study Groups

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are known to account for one-third of all deaths worldwide. According to the American Heart Association, 18% of men and 35% of women with prior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) developed recurrent AMI within 6 years after initial MI; 22% of men and 46% of women were disabled due to the development of chronic heart failure (CHF). The purpose of the research: to analyse clinical features of recovering period after myocardial infarction taking into account cardiovascular risk factors. Materials and methods of the research. 175 persons with myocardial infarction and related risk factors were examined. Study groups were homogenous by age, gender, disease severity, clinical signs of decompensation, that served as a basis for inclusion of the patients in the research. All patients underwent the general-clinical examination (pain syndrome analysis, medical history, objective signs), clinical and instrumental (electrocardiography, echocardioscopy, 6-minute walk test, in a quiet 30-50-m long hospital corridor in the morning) and laboratory tests (lipidogram, leptin level). Study groups were homogenous by age, gender, disease severity, duration of the post-infarction period, clinical signs of decompensation. All patients were divided into groups according to the presence of risk factors: group 1 of MI with HF (74 patients), group 2 – MI with AH (76 patients), group 3 – MI and obesity (72 patients); group 4 consisted of patients with all risk factors (78 patients) together. The obtained results were statistically processed on the personal computer by means of an advanced analytics software package STATISTICA-7 and a statistical software package “Microsoft-Excel” using the statistical variation analysis. Research results and their discussion. The most important cardiovascular risk factors, which aggravate the post infarction period are age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, congenital and acquired valvular defects, obesity. In patients with heart failure, recovering period is characterized by stabile heartbeat, reduced exercise tolerance combined with progressing dilatation of left ventricular chambers in 83.78% of patients. Patients with arterial hypertension have stable anginal pain syndrome and reduced exercise tolerance (89.47% of cases). In obese patients, consistent fatigue, general weakness, dyspnoea, high levels of total cholesterol and leptin in blood serum (81.94% of patients) are mostly observed. In patients with combined heart failure, arterial hypertension, obesity, the recovery period clinics after myocardial infarction is characterized by significantly reduce of exercise tolerance (92.30% of patients). Shortness of breath, which was accompanied by heart palpitations, was prevalent in the group of patients with HF (89.1%) and was the least manifested in the group of patients with obesity (52.7%). Conclusions. Changes in cardiac hemodynamics in patients who had undergone the myocardial infarction with concomitant heart failure and with a combination of risk factors were accompanied by the eccentric hypertrophy onset, characterized by a combination of the left venricle cavities dilation with hypertrophy of its walls and the decreased contractility. The presence of decompensated heart failure significantly degrades the performance of six-minute walk test.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Leishmania infantum in dogs in Sardinia (Italy), an endemic island for leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Tamponi ◽  
Fabio Scarpa ◽  
Silvia Carta ◽  
Stephane Knoll ◽  
Daria Sanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
General Information ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
First Time

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a widespread, vector-borne parasitosis causing clinical manifestations in animals and in humans. In dogs, Canine Leishmaniasis has been reported in as much as 50 countries and the Mediterranean basin is known to be one of the most affected zones. Within these areas, the Island of Sardinia (Italy) has long been considered endemic for leishmaniasis and the presence of two arthropod vectors has recently been reported there. Nevertheless, to date, no epidemiological surveys regarding CanL have been carried out on the island. Hence, for the first time, the seroprevalence and the risk factors were investigated. Blood samples, as well as clinical and general information from 1.147 dogs, were collected and analyzed. Dogs consisted of two distinct populations, namely “owned dogs” and “kennel dogs.” Anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies were detected using IFAT and samples were scored as positive at a cut-off dilution of 1:80. Data was analyzed using a Chi-squared test and bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Overall, 15.4% of dogs were found to be infected with CanL while only 44.1% of these animals exhibited clinical signs. Owned dogs (27.2%) were found to be infected more often than kennel dogs (10.6%); male dogs were found to be more frequently infected than female dogs and the number of infected animals increases with age. The present survey confirmed the endemic nature of leishmaniasis in Sardinia with a similar seroprevalence as mainland Italy. The results obtained serve as validation for the hypothesis that, in endemic areas, clinical CanL representations constitute only a fraction of the leishmaniasis cases.

Analysis of risk factors for coronary heart disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Elvina Mukharamovna Nagimova ◽  
Yaroslav Grigorievich Mazin ◽  
Chingiskhan Daudavich Merzhoev ◽  
Emil Rushanovich Badamshin ◽  
Marina Yuryevna Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Chd Risk Factors

At the present time the most common diseases are diseases of the circulatory system, among which the leading place belongs to coronary heart disease (CHD). Risk factors for CHD were studied and evaluated. It was found that in women the most significant risk factors are arterial hypertension (54.5 %), hypodynamia (54.5 %) and stress (41.9 %), and in men — stress (58.1 %), arterial hypertension (40.7 %) and smoking (37.0 %).

Catheter-related venous thrombosis in NICU: A case-control retrospective study

2020 ◽  
pp. 112972982098320
Author(s):  
Karolina Chojnacka ◽  
Zbigniew Krasiński ◽  
Katarzyna Wróblewska-Seniuk ◽  
Jan Mazela
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vein Thrombosis

Introduction: Newborns treated in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are susceptible to several complications one of them being vein thrombosis. Aim: The study aims to evaluate risk factors of catheter-related venous thrombosis, clinical manifestations, treatment, and the outcomes of thrombotic events (TE) during the neonatal period. Methods: This work is a case-control retrospective study performed on patients in the tertiary NICU between January 2013 and June 2016. The analysis includes data from infants with CVC diagnosed with thrombosis and infants with CVC, not being diagnosed with thrombosis (control group). Statistica 10 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Vein thrombosis was diagnosed in 19 NICU infants including 16 cases of catheter-related vein thrombosis (84% of complicated cases). Other statistically significant risk factors were asphyxia, infection, and the duration of CVC use. The incidence of thrombosis in our population increased during the study which may result from a statistically significant increase in the number of inserted CVC (294 vs 435), and more frequent diagnosis of incidental thrombosis (1 vs 9). Conclusion: Vein catheterization, asphyxia, infection, and prolonged CVC use are critical risk factors for thrombosis in the neonatal period. Given the hereinbefore mentioned increased number of central line catheterizations in the NICU, it would be useful to conduct a prospective study with a scheduled routine ultrasound protocol applied not only as a tool to diagnose thrombosis but also to prevent it by determining a proper catheter for a particular vein.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Case-Control Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
◽  
D. R. Аgliullin ◽  
E. A. Abdulaeva ◽  
L. R. Kagirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Corticosteroid Drugs ◽  
Control Study

Aim of the study: Assessment of the influence of potential risk factors on the development of central serous chorioretinopathy in a large industrial city. Materials and Methods: Case-control study of persons aged 18 years and older. The study group included 100 patients with central serous chorioretinopathy, confirmed by optical coherence tomography, and controls – 100 patients without central serous chorioretinopathy. The groups are comparable in gender and age. Interviewing of patients was carried out according to the developed questionnaire, including 33 questions. One-way and multivariate analysis of the results using logistic regression was carried out. Statistical data processing was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel 2010, Jamovi programs, R – Studio statistical package, OpenEpi online calculators (http://www.openepi.com). Results: The following risk factors for CSC were identified: taking corticosteroid drugs in the last year – OR 13.5; 95% CI 3.4-53.2 and the presence of arterial hypertension – OR 8.3; 95% CI 1.3-54.1. Intake of antihypertensive drugs and psychotropic drugs from the group of anxiolytics were statistically significant factors in the "prevention" of the development of CSC (OR 0.1; 95% CI 0.02-0.9 and OR 0.01; 95% CI 0.0003− 0.5), respectively. The presence of myopia also proved to be a protective factor for CSC –OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.14-0.8. Conclusion: In a case-control study, significant risk factors for CSC for the population of a large industrial city were arterial hypertension and the use of corticosteroid drugs. The presence of myopia is associated with a lower incidence of CSC.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION DEVELOPMENT IN THE POPULATION OF KHANTY-MANSIYSK

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Diana Israpilovna Islamova ◽  
◽  
Dilyara Algisovna Yulusheva ◽  
Elvina Salavatovna Shaikhutdinova ◽  
Anastasia Evgenievna Gubina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Pressure Indicators ◽  
Hypertension Development

The analysis of blood pressure indicators in women and men of diff erent ages living in the city of KhantyMansiysk is carried out. The dependence of the blood pressure level on age, the body mass index and smoking experience has been established. There is a low awareness of the population about the risk factors for arterial hypertension and the presence of the disease, a high prevalence of obesity, smoking, and excessive salt consumption is revealed.

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