ISLAM PROGRESIF DAN TAN MALAKA (Reposisi MADILOG Sebagai Metode Pemikiran Islam Progresif)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Adeputra Tohis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social System ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
Progressive Islam

Abstract: Progressive Islam is a relatively new Islamic movement in the dynamics of the Contemporary Islamic movement. Progressive Islam places the domination of the social system of capitalism as its main problem. Progressive Islam aims to create change, which is pursued through the realization of its agenda, one of which is formulating a reality-based method of thinking. The problems and agenda of Progressive Islam parallel the problems and formulation of method of thought Tan Malaka. Tan Malaka has been against the social system of capitalism. Tan Malaka has a methodological work based on reality, MADILOG. This study aims to show the parallels between Progressive Islam and Tan Malaka, and to position MADILOG as a method of Progressive Islamic thought. This study uses qualitative research methods with literature study techniques. The data in this study were analyzed using the sociology of knowledge approach and the philosophy of critical realism. The result is that the parallel between Progressive Islam and Tan Malaka lies in four aspects. Then, MADILOG can be positioned as a method of Progressive Islamic thought. Keywords: Progressive Islam, Tan Malaka, MADILOG Abstrak: Islam Progresif merupakan gerakan Islam yang relatif baru dalam dinamika gerakan Islam Kontemporer. Islam Progresif meletakan dominasi sistem sosial kapitalisme sebagai problem utamanya. Islam Progresif bertujuan untuk menciptakan perubahan, yang diupayakan melalui realisasi agenda-agendanya, salah satunya merumuskan metode pemikiran berbasis realitas. Problem serta agenda Islam Progresif paralel dengan problem dan rumusan metode pemikiran Tan Malaka. Tan Malaka telah melawan sistem sosial kapitalisme. Tan Malaka memiliki karya metodologis berbasiskan realitas, MADILOG. Penelitian ini bertujuan menunjukan paralelitas antara Islam Progresif dan Tan Malaka, serta memposisikan MADILOG sebagai metode pemikiran Islam Progersif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik studi pustaka. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatakan sosiologi pengetahuan dan filsafat ilmu realisme kritis. Hasilnya adalah paralelitas antara Islam Progresif dan Tan Malaka terletak pada empat aspek. Kemudian, MADILOG bisa diposisikan sebagai metode pemikiran Islam Progresif. Kata Kunci: Islam Progresif, Tan Malaka, MADILOG

scholarly journals Reorientasi Maqasid Terhadap Pemikiran Islam Reformis (Studi Pemikiran Maqasid Ibn ‘Ashur)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-94
Author(s):  
Mohamad Anang Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Conservative Group ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Research Theme ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Main Factor

Ibn ‘Ashur is considered as one of the founders of modern Maqasid science which plays a role as a link between the thinking of salaf ulama and contemporary-reformist Islamic thought. This article tries to find the intersection between the maqasid theory and the reformist Islamic movement in the development of the thinking of maqasid Ibn ‘Ashur. This article is written as library research in which the author uses a thematic study of Maqasid as an approach to Islamic studies in three books written by Ibn ‘Ashur, for Searching the correlation of the concept to answer the problems in this study, among others; al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir; Alaysaå al-Subh bi Qarib and Usul al-Nizam al-Ijtima'iy fi al-Islam. And supported by secondary references taken from books and journals related to the research theme. This article finds that Ibn ‘Ashur’s efforts in reorienting Maqasid theory to reformist Islamic thought are seen in the concept of Maqasid al-Qur’an al-’Ammah (objectives general al-Qur'an), which contains the mission of al-Qur'an in efforts to maintain the social system and order of human life. Ibn ‘Ashur's idea regarding the reorientation of the Maqasid theory has succeeded in changing the paradigm of the conservative group so that educational reforms at Zaytunah University can be realized. The main factor that shaped the idea of reorienting maqasid towards reformist thinking was the influence of the Muslim reformist movement and the movement against French colonialism.

scholarly journals Entering Discourses: A New Agenda for Qualitative Research and Sociology of Knowledge

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-75
Author(s):  
Reiner Keller
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
Interpretative Research

The article argues for a new agenda in qualitative research and sociology of knowledge. It starts with the assumption that meaning-making activities which lie at the heart of sociology’s interpretative paradigm today are widely embedded in expert proceedings and organized or institutionalized work on symbolic ordering. This holds true for the sciences or other specialized discourse realms (like religion), but it also counts for public discourses/public arenas. While interpretative traditions in sociology have addressed issues of discourse research, they did not succeed in establishing a proper sociological approach to discourse. Therefore, the article proposes a sociology of knowledge approach to discourse (SKAD), located in the social constructivist tradition of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. Such an approach is able to account for discourses as processes of symbolic ordering and to take up questions of discourse research raised by French philosopher Michel Foucault. Foucault indeed insisted on discourses as “truth games” and activities which set up knowledge claims. But, this interest in politics of knowledge has not so far been taken up in today’s arenas of discourse research. Therefore, SKAD proposes concepts and procedures for a new agenda of sociology of knowledge, deeply committed to qualitative and interpretative research traditions in sociology.

scholarly journals Semiology Analysis on Sikerei Tattoo in Taileleu Village, Southwest Siberut, Mentawai Island

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Rosli Penji Sagugurat ◽  
Mac Aditiawarman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Mentawai Islands ◽  
Sick People ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Mentawai Island

This research is entitled "Semiology Analysis on Sikerei Tattoo in Taileleu village, southwest Siberut, Mentawai Island" seen from the perspective of structuralism. This research is limited to a number of basic ideas relating to observations into the following three questions: (1) how the forms of Sikerei tattoo, (2) what the meaning of Sikerei tattoos, and (3) what the function of Sikerei tattoo. The objectives of this research were (1) to explain the forms of Sikerei tattoo, (2) to analyze the meaning of Sikerei tattoo, and (3) to describe the function of Sikerei tattoo. The theory used is from Pierce's about semiotics which is used to answer the purpose of this research. For the method of data analysis, the authors use qualitative research by emphasizing meaning and inner understanding (verstehen), reasoning, definitions of certain situations (in some contexts), more to examine things related to everyday life such as the culture of an area and also semiotic theory. Data collection techniques use literature study techniques in finding data that is relevant to the subject of analysis. This research is qualitative research using the form of field notes, interviews, official personal documents, and photographs or images. The object of this research is Sikerei who is tattooed and the data is tattoos. Finding in this analysis will be focused on the Sikerei tattoo in Taileleu village, southwest Siberut, Mentawai Island. First, the forms of Sikerei tattoo. Second, the meaning of Sikerei tattoo. Third, the function of Sikerei tattoo. Conclusion in this analysis is Sibalubalu as a symbol of health, said health because Sibalubalu is only used by Sikerei where Sikerei is a remedy for sick people in the Mentawai Islands especially in Taileleu village. And suggestion in this thesis is the early achievement that still needs to be developed and continued with more careful study, especially in terms of the research in the field of Sikerei tattoo.

LATAR DALAM NOVEL KURA-KURA BERJANGGUT KARYA AZHARI AIYUB

TELAGA BAHASA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Setting Time ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub depicts a setting that can be used as knowledge related to life in ancient times such as place, time and social, and life lessons.The purpose of this research is to describe the setting of the novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub. The method used is the descriptive qualitative approach. The research data source is the Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub.  This research is text, phrases, and sentences about the setting of the Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub. Data collection techniques used are library or literature study techniques. Data analysis was performed using descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. This research results showed that were containof three setting in the Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub. First, the most dominant setting is in Teluk Lamuri and Istana Darud Dunya. second, the setting time setting described in the novel without dating and describing the situation. Third, the social setting dominated the typed of attitude and habits to life. Keywords: Intrinsic Element, Setting, Novel                                                   Abstrak Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut karya Azhari Aiyub menggambarkan latar yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pengetahuan terkait kehidupan di masa zaman dahulu seperti tempat, waktu dan sosial, serta pelajaran hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan unsur latar yang terdapat di dalam Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut karya Azhari Aiyub. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut karya Azhari Aiyub. Data penelitian ini adalah teks berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat tentang latar yang terdapat dalam Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut karya Azhari Aiyub. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik pustaka atau studi kepustakaan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik analisis kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terkandung tiga jenis unsur latar dalam Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut karya Azhari Aiyub. Pertama, latar tempat yang paling dominan terdapat di Teluk Lamuri dan Istana Darud Dunya. Kedua, latar waktu digambarkan dalam novel tersebut berupa penanggalan dan penggambaran situasi. Ketiga, latar sosial yang mendominasi berjenis kebiasaan hidup dan bersikap.  The Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub depicts a setting that can be used as knowledge related to life in ancient times such as place, time and social, and life lessons. The purpose of this reasearches are to described the setting of the novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub. The method used is descriptive qualitative approach. The research data source is the Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub.  This research are text, phrass and the sentence about the setting of the Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub. Data collection techniques used are library or literature study techniques. Data analysis was performed using descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. This research results showed that were containof three setting in the Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub. First, the most dominant setting is in Teluk Lamuri and Istana Darud Dunya. second, the setting time setting described in the novel without dating and describing the situation. Third, the social setting  that dominated the typed of attitude and habits to life.  

scholarly journals REVITALISASI EPISTEMOLOGIS PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN: UPAYA MEMINIMALISIR BENCANA SOSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Bali Widodo ◽  
Egi Nurholis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Tujuan tulisan ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana peranan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dalam meminimalisir terjadinya bencana sosial. Dalam perjalanan panjang sejarah bangsa Indonesia, diuraikan secara jelas bahwa negara Indonesia dibangun atas adanya perbedaan suku bangsa, budaya, adat istiadat dan agama. Keberagaman ini rentan untuk terjadinya bencana sosial. Ketegangan sosial dan konflik horisontal serta teror masih acapkali terjadi. Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan sebagai pendidikan nilai dan karakter Pancasila menyiapkan generasi muda menjadi warga negara Pancasilais yang cinta tanah air, mempunyai sikap untuk membela negara dan siap berkorban demi keutuhan bangsa dan negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif terhadap realitas yang ada dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan kebenaran ilmiah yang alamiah dengan melakukan penafsiran terhadap fenomena sosial dalam bentuk studi literatur. Dari hasil kajian literatur didapat bahwa revitalisasi epistemologis Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dapat menguatkan karakter bangsa untuk meminimalisir terjadinya bencana sosial.This paper is intended to find out how is the role of Civic Education in minimizing the social disasters. In the history of Indonesia’s struggle, it is clearly explained that the state of Indonesia is built on the differences in ethnicity, culture, customs and religion. This diversity is vulnerable to social disasters. Terror, social tensions and horizontal conflicts among groups or communities still occur frequently. Civic Education as character education based on Pancasila values prepares young generation to become Pancasilais citizens who love the motherland, have attitudes to defend the country and are ready to sacrifice for the integrity of the nation and state of Indonesia. The research method used is a type of qualitative research that is descriptive towards the existing reality with the purpose of obtaining natural scientific truths by interpreting social phenomenon in the form of literature review. From the results of the literature study it was found that the epistemological revitalization of Civic Education can strengthen the nation's character in order to minimize the social disasters.

scholarly journals NILAI – NILAI SOSIAL DI DALAM PERKAWINAN ADAT DAYAK MAANYAN DI KOTA BANJARMASIN

Jurnal Socius ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marce Diana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
The City

AbstractThis study aims to: (1) Describe the stages in the Dayak Maanyan traditional marriage in the city of Banjarmsasin (2) Describe the requirements in the Dayak Maanyan traditional marriage in the city of Banjarmasin, (3) Analyze the social values contained in each stage of Dayak Maanyan marriage in the city of Banjarmasin. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative method with the number of respondents as many as 7 people, 3 key respondents and 4 people supporting respondents. Data collection using interview, observation, documentation and literature study techniques. Data analysis with data reduction, display and verification. The results of this study are: (1) The stages of the Dayak Maanyan customary marriage held in Banjarmasin city consist of the Ngantane/Itunti (introduction) stage, the Adu Pamupuh (engagement) stage, and the Piadu stage (fulfillment of customary law). The most interesting and sacred stage is the Piadu stage because at this time the two brides were officially inaugurated as husband and wife. (2) Requirements in Dayak Maanyan customary marriage in Banjarmasin city. Both the bridegroom and the bride must prepare the requirements of each stage in question. The most prepared requirements are at the Piadu stage, in which there are seven conditions that must be met, namely Tajau Tuak, Keagungan Mantir, Lanjung Ume Pintan Gantung, Eteh Kadiwai, Palangkahan, Tutup Uwan, and Sangku Dite Sangku Lungkung. (3) The Social Values contained in the Dayak Maanyan traditional marriage have at least 8 social values, namely the value of love and appreciation for tradition, the value of sincerity (seriousness) & courage, politeness, family values, values of loyalty, togetherness and mutual cooperation , the value of independence & responsibility, and the values that characterize the Dayak Maanyan, namely the value of kinship. The social values contained in the marriage of the Dayak Maanyan motivated the Dayak Maanyan ethnic population in the city of Banjarmasin to carry out faithfully and genuinely the traditions, especially the indigenous Dayak Maanyan marriage. Keywords: Social Value, Indigenous Marriage, and Dayak Maanyan AbstrakPenelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk: (1) Mendeskripsikan tahapan dalam perkawinan adat Dayak Maanyan di kota Banjarmsasin (2) Mendeskripsikan persyaratan dalam perkawinan adat Dayak Maanyan di kota Banjarmasin, (3) Menganalisis nilai-nilai sosial yang terkandung dalam tiap tahapan perkawinan adat Dayak Maanyan di kota Banjarmasin. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 7 orang, responden kunci 3 orang dan responden pendukung 4 orang. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis data dengan reduksi data, display dan verifikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Tahapan perkawinan adat Dayak Maanyan yang dilaksanakan di kota Banjarmasin terdiri atas tahap Ngantane/Itunti (perkenalan), tahap Adu Pamupuh (pertunangan), dan tahap Piadu (pemenuhan hukum adat). Tahapan yang paling menarik perhatian dan sakral adalah tahap Piadu karena saat ini lah kedua mempelai diresmikan secara hukum adat sebagai suami istri. (2) Persyaratan dalam perkawinan adat Dayak Maanyan di kota Banjarmasin. Baik pihak mempelai laki-laki maupun perempuan harus menyiapkan persyaratan dari tiap tahapan dimaksud. Persyaratan yang paling banyak disiapkan adalah pada tahap Piadu, didalamnya terdapat tujuh syarat yang harus dipenuhi yaitu Tajau Tuak, Keagungan Mantir, Lanjung Ume Pintan Gantung, Eteh Kadiwai, Palangkahan, Tutup Uwan, dan Sangku Dite Sangku Lungkung. (3) Nilai-Nilai Sosial yang terkandung dalam perkawinan adat Dayak Maanyan sedikitnya ada 8 nilai sosial, yaitu nilai kecintaan dan penghargaan pada tradisi, nilai kesungguhan (keseriusan) & keberanian, nilai kesopanan, nilai kekeluargaan, nilai kesetiaan, nilai kebersamaan & gotong royong, nilai kemandirian & tanggung jawab, serta nilai yang menjadi ciri khas Dayak Maanyan yaitu nilai kekerabatan. Nilai-nilai sosial yang terdapat dalam perkawinan Dayak Maanyan ini memotivasi warga etnis Dayak Maanyan yang ada di kota Banjarmasin untuk melaksanakan dengan setia dan sungguh-sungguh tradisi, khususnya perkawinan adat Dayak Maanyan.Kata kunci: Nilai Sosial , Perkawinan Adat, dan Dayak  Maanyan

scholarly journals NILAI-NILAI SOSIAL ADAT MINANGKABAU DALAM SILEK PAUH DI PERGURUAN SINGO BARANTAI LUBUK LINTAH KECAMATAN KURANJI PADANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Meri Rhama Nelly ◽  
Nerosti Nerosti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shape Characters ◽  
Main Instrument

This study aims to reveal Minangkabau Custom Social Values in Silek Pauhat Perguruan Singo Barantai, Lubuk Lintah, Kuranji Padang. This is a qualitative research using descriptive analytical method. The main instrument used was the researcher itself and was assisted by supporting instruments such as writing instruments, cameras, and cellphones. The data used were primary and secondary data. The data were collected through literature study, observation, interview, and documentation. The data analysis was done byreducing the data, displaying the data, and making conclusion. Based on the results of this research, it is found that there are social values which can shape characters of the next generation, especially for sasian generation in Perguruan Singo Barantai. The Minangkabau social values found in Silek Pauh at Perguruan Singo Barantai, Lubuk Lintah, Kuranji, Padang, can be described as follows: 1) The social values of the step moves is a person can consider other people / be considerate of being Minangkabau people. 2) The social values of attack motion is a person has an accurate consideration in making decisions. 3) The social values of the lockdown moves is a person can adapt to any situation. 4) The social values of defend movesis a person has alertness and capabiltyin reading situations.Keywords:  Social Values, Minangkabau Customs, Silek Pauh, Singo Barantai College

scholarly journals Struktur dan Sistem Sosial pada Aras Wacana dan Praksis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Thohir Yuli Kusmanto ◽  
Misbah Zulfa Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practical Reality

<p><em>The social phenomenon that became the focus of sociology has diversity in the aspects of social life of society both as a real and practical reality as well as abstract and utopian reality. The reality is static and moves dynamically inherent in social processes in the daily life of social setting. The social process shapes reality as part of the past takes place today and becomes a hope for the future. Among the social phenomena that become part of the fundamental study of sociology are structure and social system. Social structure is a process of social interaction that lasts a long time, regularly and form a pattern. The social system is a functional social interaction of a set of elements in a group or society to defend the boundaries or unity of its parts. Both in this context are interesting to explain the process of its formation, relationships, functions, traits and changes in discourse and praxis. Applying literature study this article will explore the processes of formation, relationships, functions, traits, and changes of social structure and social system in discourse and praxis. The effort is important to strengthen the sociology repertoire on the macro and abstract level.</em></p>

scholarly journals The Importance of Transportation in Knitting Indonesia’s Diverse Communities Together

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Mantoro
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Social System ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Valuable Role

Transportation is defined as the activity of moving passengers and goods from one place to another. Transportation plays an important role in the development of urban infrastructure and especially its human resources. Transportation is a major component in the system of life, the system of government, and the social system. The socio-demographic conditions of a region have an influence on transportation performance in the region. The level of population density will have a significant effect on the ability of transportation to serve community needs. A good and ideal interaction between transportation components (passengers, goods, facilities and infrastructure) forms a comprehensive transportation system, efficient and effective. The important role of transportation is of course balanced with the active participation of the parties involved in it. This study undertakes qualitative research to assess the valuable role played by transportation within the country. Keywords: Transportation, Role, Diversity

scholarly journals Ritual Hada O Na’adi dalam Pesta Adat Pernikahan di Mali Hada O Na'adi Rituals at a Traditional Marriage Party in Mali

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Christin Ekaristi Molana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Interview Techniques ◽  
The Social ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Traditional Marriage

This research relates to one of the cultures that exist in Mali, namely the culture of eating indigenous. The culture of traditional eating is known as the ritual of hada o na'adi, this ritual is only carried out in a traditional wedding party and is a legacy from ancestors that is still preserved to this day. This paper also aims to look at the hada o na'adi ritual function in a traditional wedding party in Mali. The method used is a qualitative research method using direct interview techniques with several people representing each tribe in Mali and literature study to strengthen this writing. based on data obtained from the field, this study explains that the ritual of hada o na'adi has two main functions, namely the religious function and social function. The religious function of the hada o na'adi ritual is to have magical power to better organize people's mindsets and lives, while the social function is as a symbol of togetherness, courtesy, mutual respect and order.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document