scholarly journals Visual Hierarchy Relates to Impressions of Good Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Urano ◽  
Aaron Kurosu ◽  
Gregory Henselman-Petrusek ◽  
Alexander Todorov

Here we examine an untested assumption among graphic designers that a concept called “visual hierarchy” is tied to theperception of good design. Visual hierarchy refers to the sequence in which graphic elements in a design are seen. From adesign perspective, a stronger visual hierarchy means that a graphic design, such as a poster, will lead to more similar eyemovements among its audience. From a psychology perspective, stronger visual hierarchy may mean that information forguiding overt attention is being more effectively communicated. The consequent cognitive ease may facilitate an aestheticexperience, thereby explaining how visual hierarchy could be linked to perceptions of good design. In an empirical test, wesee that when people agree that a design is good, their eye movements are more likely to be synchronous.

Author(s):  
Надія Подоляка

The purpose of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of the national Ukrainian culture in the artistic design of the editions of the Kharkov cooperative publishing house «Rukh». Research methods: Empirical-theoretical methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction are used. From the theoretical methods, a description and interpretation is applied. The use of these methods made it possible to prove that the publications of the Kharkov cooperative publishing house «Rukh» are a highly cultured artistic product, shrouded in the aura of the traditions of Ukrainian culture. It is proved that in the 20-ies. XX century. around the «Rukh» united a circle of like-minded writers, critics, editors, illustrators. Book covers were made by M. Samokish, S. Borovoy, V. Krichevsky. It is established that in the graphic design of the editions the editors used font ensembles, decorative elements and other visual materials created by the most prominent representatives of the artistic circles, in which the Ukrainian tradition is traced. In the design of covers used a variety of frames, ornaments of vegetable origin, stylized with letters. At the same time, minimalism of forms, compositions in a black and white version was quite common. Attention is focused on the works of the famous graphs of the era of the Ukrainian revival, created by the order of the Kharkiv cooperative publishing house «Rukh». The features of the national Ukrainian culture in the artistic design of publications are analyzed. Illustrations, graphic elements, style of execution and technique of the Ukrainian artists cooperating with the publishing house are characterized. The study significantly expands the view on publishing at the stage of the formation of Soviet power. The results can be used to write textbooks and teaching aids on cultural studies, the history of publishing and the history of Ukraine.


2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 2637-2648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Arcizet ◽  
Koorosh Mirpour ◽  
Daniel J. Foster ◽  
Caroline J. Charpentier ◽  
James W. Bisley

When looking around at the world, we can only attend to a limited number of locations. The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) is thought to play a role in guiding both covert attention and eye movements. In this study, we tested the involvement of LIP in both mechanisms with a change detection task. In the task, animals had to indicate whether an element changed during a blank in the trial by making a saccade to it. If no element changed, they had to maintain fixation. We examine how the animal's behavior is biased based on LIP activity prior to the presentation of the stimulus the animal must respond to. When the activity was high, the animal was more likely to make an eye movement toward the stimulus, even if there was no change; when the activity was low, the animal either had a slower reaction time or maintained fixation, even if a change occurred. We conclude that LIP activity is involved in both covert and overt attention, but when decisions about eye movements are to be made, this role takes precedence over guiding covert attention.


1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Madelyn Flammia

Today many students learn how to use desktop programs such as PageMaker and Ventura in technical communication courses; however, few of those students are also learning the principles of graphic design underlying the production of mechanicals. The ability to use a desktop publishing program does not necessarily guarantee the ability to produce well-designed and effective documents. In fact, the growing use of desktop publishing software has led to a proliferation of documents that violate all the rules of good design. This article describes a technical publications course in which students gain a better understanding of the principles of design and layout by using mechanical paste up techniques. When required to use mechanical paste up in addition to desktop publishing software, students acquired a more thorough understanding of grids and white space as well as a greater confidence in their abilities to do page design.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa Kulke

Emotional faces draw attention and eye-movements towards them. However, the neural mechanisms of attention have mainly been investigated during fixation, which is uncommon in everyday life where people move their eyes to shift attention to faces. Therefore, the current study combined eye-tracking and Electroencephalography (EEG) to measure neural mechanisms of overt attention shifts to faces with happy, neutral and angry expressions, allowing participants to move their eyes freely towards the stimuli. Saccade latencies towards peripheral faces did not differ depending on expression and early neural response (P1) amplitudes and latencies were unaffected. However, the later occurring Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) was significantly larger for emotional than for neutral faces. This response occurs after saccades towards the faces. Therefore, emotion modulations only occurred after an overt shift of gaze towards the stimulus had already been completed. Visual saliency rather than emotional content may therefore drive early saccades, while later top-down processes reflect emotion processing.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Stephen T.F. Poon

Typographic elements have a huge impact on how designed mediums affect visual literacy. This paper reviews the principles, perspectives and approaches in the production and function of typographic design visual media (print and digital), with the aim to understand the relationship between typographic design on digital mediums, with the aim of examining its influence on people’s ability to communicate ideas, meaning and messages effectively, while reflecting on its commercial implications for brands and marketers. Research via survey and a focus group implied there is a positive association between literacy and the application of graphic design and typography on digital communication mediums. Findings revealed that type design complements textual word elements to enhance cognition and understanding of messages. The integration of visual and texts facilitates reading, and for digital mediums, both legible layout and engaging typefaces are equally crucial. Graphic typeface for digital media, from smartphones to e-texts for learning, should apply visual hierarchy arrangement to achieve these objectives. Findings show typographic design is an essential aspect of social communication today, and digital designers play a fundamental role to enable audiences to improve their economic and social participation and gain its full advantages.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Miss Aminah Sa-Ah

Newspaper forms are the process of organizing and decorating the front page. The two design elements consist of appearance and layout, both of which have functions to decorate, beautify and arrange the front page so that it is interesting. Thairath and Tribun Jabar newspapers in arranging the front page of the newspaper using graphic design elements to make it interesting. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. The purpose of this research is to get a picture of the second form of newspaper, namely the color, typography, and layout format. The results showed that the application of the design of print media of the Thairath newspaper and the West Java Tribune so that it would not be rigid and attract attention. The color that dominates the Thairath newspaper is green, while the Tribun Jabar newspaper is blue. The typography used in each section on the second page of the newspaper is carried out consistently in accordance with the visual hierarchy. The layout format arrangement has an impact on attracting newspapers to be read by readers.Reka bentuk surat kabar merupakan proses menata dan menghias halaman muka. Dua unsur reka bentuk terdiri dari perwajahan dan tata letak, kedua-duanya memiliki fungsi untuk menghias, memperindah dan menata halaman muka sehingga menarik. Surat kabar Thairath dan Tribun Jabar dalam menata halaman muka surat kabarnya menggunakan elemen desain grafis supaya menarik. Penelitian ini menggunakan meode deskriptif kualitatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang reka bentuk kedua surat kabar, yaitu mengenai warna, tipografi dan format layout. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan reka bentuk media cetak surat kabar Thairath dan Tribun Jabar, supaya tidak kaku dan menarik perhatian. Warna yang menjadi dominasi pada surat kabar Thairath adalah warna hijau, sementara pada surat kabar Tribun Jabar adalah warna biru. Tipografi yang digunakan pada setiap bagian pada halaman muka kedua surat kabar, dilakukan secara konsisten sesuai dengan hierarki visual. Penataan  format layout berimbas pada menariknya surat kabar untuk dibaca oleh pembaca.


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Hércules Tolêdo Corrêa ◽  
Cleide De Araújo Campos

Pode-se dizer que o livro para crianças é um objeto artístico-cultural constituído por vários modos de linguagens. Dessa forma, partimos dos pressupostos da semiótica cultural, mais especificamente das teorizações sobre a multimodalidade, e procuramos identificar os aspectos tanto discursivos quanto educacionais de obras destinadas ao público infantil publicadas na contemporaneidade. Valemo-nos também de estudos sobre ilustração e projeto gráfico de livros infantis, tais como van der Linden (2011), Ramos (2013) e Paiva (2018). Este artigo, especificamente, centra-se na análise de dois livros da coleção Universidade das Crianças, publicada pelo selo Estraladabão, da Editora UFMG, em 2018: O que existe? O que não existe? e O que é um livro? Os nomes dos profissionais envolvidos na produção das obras estão identificados ao longo deste artigo. Hoje em dia, podemos considerar o livro para crianças como um objeto com múltipla autoria (multi ou poliautoria): além do escritor e do ilustrador, os autores principais ou protagonistas, como denominamos neste texto, também estão envolvidos na produção da obra designers gráficos, editores e coordenadores editoriais especializados, leitores críticos, revisores de conteúdo e de linguagem, e muitas vezes também outros especialistas da área editorial e educacional, como publicitários, engenheiros do papel, tradutores, adaptadores, psicólogos, pedagogos e psicopedagogos, aos quais chamamos neste artigo de autoria secundária ou coadjuvante. Analisamos alguns elementos do projeto gráfico das obras selecionadas e da relação entre texto escrito, ilustração e design, seguindo a ordem: 1- Capa e quarta capa; 2- Formato do livro e outros elementos da materialidade; 3- Layout: forma como o texto escrito e o visual são apresentados na página, o que inclui uma série de elementos e de relações entre eles, como: tipo e tamanho de letra, espaço entre linhas e mancha gráfica (a área do impresso: texto escrito e ilustração). Destaca-se que a definição deste último elemento envolve a relação entre texto escrito e texto visual. Por fim, é importante dizer que este artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa coletiva desenvolvida no âmbito do Grupo MULTDIC – Multiletramentos e usos das tecnologias da informação e comunicação na Educação –, intitulada Literatura e visualidade: a importância do projeto gráfico em livros para crianças na contemporaneidade. Palavras-chave: Livros para crianças. Multimodalidade. Projeto gráfico. GRAPHIC ELEMENTS INFLUENCE IN BOOKS FOR CHILDREN IN THE CONTEMPORANEITY: ANALYSIS OF TWO WORKS FROM THE CHILDREN'S UNIVERSITY COLLECTION Abstract: Books for children are said to be an artistic-cultural object made up of several modes of languages. Thus, this paper departs from the assumptions of cultural semiotics, more specifically the theories about multimodality, and tries to identify both the discursive and educational aspects of works aimed at children published in contemporary times. Studies on illustration and graphic design of books for children, such as Nikolajeva and Scott (2011), van der Linden (2011), Ramos (2013) and Paiva (2018) are also used. This paper focuses specifically on the analysis of two books from Universidade da Criança [Children's University] collection, published by the label Estraladabão, by Federal University of Minas Gerais Press, in 2018: O que existe? O que não existe? (COSCARELLI, 2018) and O que é um livro? (RIBEIRO, 2018). Other professionals involved in the creation of the books are identified along this paper. Nowadays, books for children can be considered as an object of multiple authorship: besides the writer and the illustrator, the main authors or protagonists, as called in this paper, there are also other professionals, who were called secondary or coadjuvants authors, such as graphic designers, editors and specialized editorial coordinators, critical readers, content and language reviewers, and often also other editorial and educational specialists, such as advertisers, paper engineers, translators, adapters, psychologists, pedagogists and psychopedagogists. Some elements of the graphic design of the selected works and the relation between written text, illustration and design were analyzed in the following order: 1- Cover and fourth cover; 2- Format of the book and other elements of materiality; 3- Layout: how the written text and the visual are presented on the page, which includes a series of elements and relationships between them, such as: type and size of letter, space between lines and graphic spot (the area of the print: written text and illustration). It should be noted that the definition of this last element involves the relationship between written text and visual text. Finally, it is important to say that this paper is part of a collective research developed within the framework of the Group MULTDIC – Multiliteracies and digital information and communication technologies, entitled Literatura e visualidade: a importância do projeto gráfico em livros para crianças na contemporaneidade [Literature and visuality: the importance of the graphic design in books for children in contemporaneity]. Keywords: Books for children. Multimodality. Graphic project.


FACETS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-422
Author(s):  
Karen J. Murchie ◽  
Dylan Diomede

Guidance on improving the visual aspects of science communication range from “recipe”-style instructions to hyper-focused aspects of data visualization. Currently lacking in the peer-reviewed literature is a primer in graphic design tailored to a high-level overview of basic design principles and associated jargon related to layout, imagery, typeface, and colour. We illustrate why these aspects are important to effective communication. Further, we provide considerations on when to solicit professional assistance and what to expect when working with graphic designers. Having the fundamental principles of good design in your toolbox facilitates the production of effective visual communication related to your research and fruitful scientist–designer collaborations.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Elise Peacock ◽  
Deborah A Cronin ◽  
Taylor R. Hayes ◽  
John M. Henderson

How do spatial constraints and meaningful scene regions interact to control overt attention during visual search for objects in real-world scenes? To answer this question, we combined novel surface maps of the likely locations of target objects with maps of the spatial distribution of scene semantic content. The surface maps captured likely target surfaces as continuous probabilities. Meaning was represented by meaning maps highlighting the distribution of semantic content in local scene regions and objects. Attention was indexed by eye movements during search for target objects that varied in the likelihood they would appear on specific surfaces. The interaction between surface maps and meaning maps was analyzed to test whether fixations were directed to meaningful scene regions on target-related surfaces. Overall, meaningful scene regions were more likely to be fixated if they appeared on target-related surfaces than if they appeared on target-unrelated surfaces. These findings suggest that the visual system prioritizes meaningful scene regions on target-related surfaces during visual search in scenes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Minja Malešević ◽  
◽  
Mladen Stančić ◽  

Many recent research has focused on graphic design and shape of the packaging, and their effects on the customer's decision-making process as two separate categories. Since the shape of the packaging along with the graphic design plays an important role in the visual appearance of the packaging and attracts the customer's attention, the main objective of this research was to find out which packaging shapes and graphic elements customers find most attractive, as well as to understand the general opinion of customers about the influence of packaging aesthetics on their decision-making process when purchasing a product. Methodology of this research was conducted in two stages, from which the first one included creating three different graphic design solutions combined with three shape categories, and three variations of added value, for the same food packaging. The second part of the research covered an online questionnaire, in which a group of 50 people participated. This questionnaire focused on three variables: graphic design of the packaging, packaging shape and it’s added value. These variables were evaluated using the Likert scale. Through the questionnaire, participants were asked to answer general questions about the impact of the packaging visual appearance and added value, on their decision-making process when buying a product, as well as to choose the most appealing packaging between the given options. The research results showed that customers preferred non-standard packaging shapes and simple graphic design, as well as packaging with added value. The results of this research prove that the aesthetics of packaging has an impact on the customer's perception of a product, which means that packaging plays an important role in product marketing.


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