scholarly journals BRIKET BIOMASSA DARI JERAMI PADI, SAMPAH DAUN DAN KOTORAN SAPI

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Retno Ambarwati Sigit Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
High Cellulose

Indonesia memiliki banyak limbah pertanian yang selama ini hanya dibiarkan atau dibakar begitu saja. Limbah pertanian yang merupakan biomassa mengandung selulosa cukup tinggi dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi terbarukan berupa briket. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik briket yang dibuat  dari jerami padi, sampah daun dan kotoran sapi untuk dibandingkan dengan standar briket arang. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat briket dari bahan jerami padi, sampah daun dan kotoran sapi. Pembuatan briket biomassa dilakukan dengan teknik karbonisasi di dalam drum yang tertutup. Arang yang diperolah dihaluskan dan diayak 50 mesh selanjutnya ditambah bahan perekat berupa tapioka dengan perbandingan 7:1 dan sedikit air kemudian dicetak secara manual. Setelah dicetak, briket arang yang diperoleh  dijemur dibawah sinar matahari selama 3 hari. Waktu terbentuknya arang dari berbagai jenis biomassa berbeda-beda, waktu optimum untuk bahan dari jerami padi 30 menit, sampah daun 60 menit dan 75 menit untuk kotoran sapi dengan rendemen masing-masing 24,39%, 29,03%, dan 26,26%. Briket yang dihasilkan dari biomassa jerami padi memiliki kadar air 5,9% kadar abu 8,02%, kadar zat mudah menguap 35,68%, kadar karbon terikat 37,48% dan nilai kalor 3000 kal/gr. Briket dari sampah daun memiliki kadar air 5,6%, kadar abu 8,02%, kadar zat mudah menguap 32,46%, kadar karbon terikat 40,55% dan nilai kalor 4600 kal/gr. Briket dari kotoran sapi memiliki kadar air 8,4%, kadar abu 8,32%, kadar zat mudah menguap 26,63%, kadar karbon terikat 50,66% dan nilai kalor 5200 kal/gr. Kata kunci: briket, jerami padi, kotoran sapi,nilai kalor, sampah daun. AbstractIndonesia has a lot of agricultural waste that has been left or burned. Agricultural waste containing high cellulose which to be used as a renewable energy source in the form of briquettes. This study aims to find out the characteristics of briquettes made from rice straw, leaf litter and cow dung to be compared to standard charcoal briquettes. In this study made briquettes from rice straw, leaf waste and cow dung. The manufacture of biomass briquettes was done by carbonization in a closed drum.  The charcoal reduced in size in 50 mesh added tapioca adhesive in ratio of 7: 1 and a little water then formed to be briquettes manually. The charcoal briquettes obtained are dried in the sun for 3 days. The time for formation of charcoal from various types of biomass were varies, the optimum time for rice straw was 30 minutes, leaf waste was 60 minutes and 75 minutes for cow dung with yields of charcoal of rice straw was 24.39%, 29.03% for leaf waste and cow dung was 26.26%. Briquettes produced from biomass of rice straw have a  water content of 5.9% ash content of 8.02%, a volatile substance content of 35.68%, a carbon-bound content of 37.48% and a heat value of 3000 cal/gr. Briquettes from leaf litter have a water content of 5.6%, ash content of 8.02%, a volatile substance content of 32.46%, a carbon-bound content of 40.55% and a heat value of 4600 cal/gr. Briquettes from cow dung have a water content of 8.4%, ash content of 8.32%, a volatile substance content of 26.63%, a carbon-bound content of 50.66% and a heat value of 5200 cal/gr. Keywords:  briquettes, cow dung, heat value, leaf litter rice straw..

scholarly journals The Effect of Hibiscus Leaf’s Adhesives on the Quality of Cow Dung Husk Charcoal Briquettes

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Iwan Ridwan Yusup ◽  
Astuti Kusumorini ◽  
Siti Risalti Maulida
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
State University ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Materials Used

The research to find out the good briquette adhesive has been done, however the results have not been satisfactory yet. This study aims to determine the effect of hibiscus leaf adhesive (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L) on charcoal briquette organic charcoal. The materials used in the manufacture of cow dung husk charcoal briquettes are rice husk and cow dung. The research was conducted in biology garden of Science and Technology Faculty, Islamic State University of Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung from May to June 2015. The research was conducted by using Random Design Complete (RAL) Factorial 3 X 4 with twice repetition (duplo). There are 3 compositions of treatment rice husk: cow dung, that are: 1: 1, 3: 1 and 1: 3, and addition of 4 levels adhesive from hibiscus leaf (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.), that are; control (without adhesive), 10 grams, 15 grams and 20 grams. The results showed that the adhesive combination of hibiscus leaves and the composition of organic charcoal briquettes was highest at density of 0.89 g / cm3, calorific value of 2432.62 cal / g, carbon content of 25.49% and lowest at water content of 8.75 %, vapor content 32.89%, ash content 45%. The best treatment combinations were found in the ratio of rice husk: cow dung ie 1: 3 and adhesive concentration 15 grams with the best heat value of 2431,62 kal /g.

scholarly journals KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET DARI PENCAMPURAN JERAMI DAN SEKAM PADI DARI LIMBAH PASCA PANEN DI LAHAN GAMBUT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Fonny Rianawati ◽  
Zainal Abidin ◽  
Muhammad Naparin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Post Harvest

This study aims to study the characteristics of briquettes from rice straw and rice husks in the form of moisture content, density, ash content, flight substance content, and heating value with different mixing variations in an effort to overcome the occurrence of deep forest / land fires to control forest or land fires in wetland areas by innovating and utilizing technology of straw and rice husks from post-harvest waste.  The test results showed, the characteristic values are not much different for each mixing variation and are still below the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 1-6235-2000, namely The heating value ranges from 2729.33 - 3492.14 cal/g (SNI ≥ 5000 cal/g), bonded carbon content ranges from 2.3524 -12.5870% (SNI ≥ 77%), ash content ranges from 27.3367 -29.8367% (SNI ≤ 8%) and the moisture content ranges from 18.2130 -28.8903% (SNI ≤ 8%). This is presumably due to the large content of the adhesive used, the pressing and drying processes that cause high water content, because high water content will cause a low calorific value. Low heating value will cause a large amount of ash content which causes a low value of bound carbon. However, overall charcoal briquettes from rice husks and rice straw can be applied to the community as a technological innovation that can be used in the use of post-harvest waste in an effort to control forest and land fires with land processing without burning.

scholarly journals Teknik Pengomposan Limbah Pelepah Sawit Dengan Mengunakan Aerobic Inoculum Manure Sapi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-411
Author(s):  
Hafit Razeki Taruna ◽  
Ramayanty Bulan Bulan ◽  
Darwin Darwin
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Agricultural Engineering

Abstrak. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengomposan limbah sawit dengan menggunakan aerobik inokulum manure  sapi. Hasil cacahan pelepah sawit kemudian di campurkan dengan mengunakan manure sapi dan menghitung kadar air pelepah, dengan suhu 105 °C, total solid,analisis NPK,kadar abu dan analisis nilai pH.Proses pengomposan dilakukan selama 20 hari,yaitu pda tanggal  27 juli sampai tanggal 17 agustus 2018 di labaratorium teknik pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala. Pengomposan dilakukan dengan proses pencacahan pelepah sawit dan kemudian pelepah yang telah disimpan 3, 5, 7, 9  hari setelah dipotong dari tanaman sawit daerah.  Kecamatan  Arongan Lambalek, pelepah dengan campuran manure dimasukkan dalam drum  dengan 5 kg pelepah, dalam satu drum. Hasil pencacahan pelepah sawit 5, 10, 15 tahun umur pelepah yang telah dimasukkan 10% manure sapi, sebelum proses pengomposan dilakukan terlebih dulu proses inoculum.Palm oil Front Composting Techniques Using Aerobic Inoculum Manure From CowsAbstract. This study aims to make palm oil waste compost using aerobic inoculum of cow dung. The results of chopped palm leaves are then mixed using cow dung and calculates the water content of the midrib, with a temperature of 105 ° C, total solids, NPK analysis, ash content and pH value analysis. The composting process is carried out for 20 days, namely on July 27 starting August 17, 2018 in the agricultural engineering laboratory of Syiah Kuala University. Composting is done by the process of counting palm leaves and then leaves that have been opened 3, 5, 7, 9 days after being cut from regional oil palm plantations. In the Regency of Arongan Lambalek, a midrib with a fertilizer mixture is put into a drum with a midrib of 5 kg, in one drum. The results of the calculation of oil palm leaves are 5, 10, 15 years, the age of the midrib which includes 10% cow dung, before the composting process is carried out before the inoculum process.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Macronutrient Content of Compost and Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Agricultural Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Devianti ◽  
Purwana Satriyo ◽  
Ramayanty Bulan ◽  
Dewi Sartika Thamren ◽  
Agustami Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Macronutrient Content

Agricultural products have great potential to produce untapped farm-to-table agricultural waste. This can happen because the agricultural products are damaged before they reach consumers and become agricultural waste. Therefore, paper aims to investigate the macronutrient content of the compost and liquid organic fertilizer using agricultural waste as the main ingredient. There are two treatments for making compost, namely the composition of the main ingredients (rice straw + lamtoro, rice straw + corn stalks, and lamtoro + corn stalks) and the composition of the supporting material in the form of livestock manure (cow dung, goat manure, and chicken manure). There are five treatment sources of the main raw materials for making liquid organic fertilizer tested, namely banana peel, papaya peel, pineapple skin, tomato, and cassava peel. Macro parameters in the form of N, P, K, and C content were measured using the Kjeldahl, Bray, AAS, and Walkle and Black methods, respectively. The C/N ratio was calculated by comparing the content of C and N. Furthermore, data were analyzed using statistical parameters in the form of ANOVA and DMRT. Making compost with the main ingredients of agricultural waste and supporting materials from livestock manure has a significant effect on macronutrient content in compost. Apart from that, the production of liquid organic fertilizer with the main ingredient of agricultural waste significantly affects the macronutrient content of liquid organic fertilizer produced.

scholarly journals Application of the Calorimetric Methods to the Characteristics of Seeds from Olives

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bryś ◽  
Joanna Bryś ◽  
Marko Obranović ◽  
Dubravka Škevin ◽  
Szymon Głowacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Initial Water

The olive oil industry represents an important productive sector in the Mediterranean basin countries. Olive stone is an essential by-product generated in the olive oil extraction industries and it represents roughly 10% by weight of the olive fruit. The seeds of pickled olives are also a significant waste product. In the present study, we have investigated the possibility of the use of differential scanning calorimetry for the thermal characterization of seeds from green and black pickled olives from Croatia. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) with a normal pressure cell equipped with a cooling system was used to determine the thermal properties of seeds from olives. The following analyses were also performed: the determination of calorific values in a pressure bomb calorimeter, the determination of initial water content, the determination of changes of water content during drying at the temperatures of 30 °C, 50 °C and 80 °C, the determination of a percentage content of seeds mass to the mass of the whole olives, and the determination of ash content. Seeds from olives are characterized by very good parameters as a biomass. The analyzed olive seeds were characterized by low water content, low ash content, and a relatively high caloric value.

Utilization of rice straw and tea composts for strawberry and tomato production

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
R Ashrafi ◽  
RM Saiem ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
MSAA Mamun ◽  
HA Begum
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Yield And Quality

The use of agricultural waste is of great interest to sustainable agriculture. An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of compost and compost tea made from agricultural waste rice straw on the yield and quality of two horticultural crops strawberry and tomato. In strawberry experiment, six treatments were considered which wereT1: 100% soil (as a control), T2: 80% soil + 20% compost, T3: 60% soil + 40% compost, T4: 40% soil + 60% compost, T5: 20% soil + 80% compost & T6: 100% compost. Results revealed that number of fruit, fruit yield and total sugar (%)was increased with the increasing level of compost up to 80% after that decreased at 100% compost. The treatment T5: 20% soil + 80% compost gave the best results among the treatments to grow strawberry with good yield (185.3 g/plant) and sweetness (total sugar 5.19%). On the other hand, six treatments i.e. T1: Control, T2: Compost (5 t/ha), T3: Compost tea (50% concentration), T4: Compost (5 t/ha) + Compost tea (50% concentration), T5: Compost tea (100% concentration) and T6: Compost (5t/ha) + Compost tea (100% concentration) were considered in tomato experiment. As a result, it was observed that combined application of compost (5 t/ha) along with compost tea (100% conc.) (T6) gave the highest yield of tomato than not only control (T1) but also single application of compost or compost tea (T2, T3, T4&T5). Level of compost tea concentration also showed significant effect on fruit yield of tomato. Comparing between treatment T4 and T6, fruit yield was found higher (1027.67 g/plant) in treatment T6: Compost (5t/ha) + Compost tea (100% conc.) than 961.3 g/plant in T4: Compost (5 t/ha) + Compost tea (50% conc.). So, it could be summarized that use of rice straw as compost and compost tea affects positively both in two experiments. The results of this study confirm the beneficial effects of compost to increase the yield and sweetness of strawberry and combination of compost and compost tea to increase the yield of tomato. Progressive Agriculture 30 (4): 335-343, 2019

Some Properties and Detection Methods of Paper Sludge

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Chao Jun Wu ◽  
Jia Chuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Material Content ◽  
The Third

Some properties of paper sludge were analyzed, including water content, organic material content, pH value, fiber content, ash content ,C, H, S, N content and metal content of sludge in three sedimentation tanks.Besides,COD,SS, sludge concentration were analyzed and optical microscope photoes of sludge were got.The results showed that water content was high, organic material content was high, pH value of three sludges was alkalescent, metal elements were varied, lots of bacteria in wet sludge. From the first tank to the third one,COD and SS are gradually diminishing The research of sludge’s properties may be helpful to sludge treatment.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEPUNG KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata) DAN TERIGU TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BAKSO ANALOG

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Utafiyani . ◽  
Ni Luh Ari Yusasrini ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Ekawati
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Bean Flour

This aims of this research was to know the effect of comparison between green bean flour and wheat flour on characteristic of analogue meatball and to know the right comparison of green bean flour and wheat flour to produce analogue meatball with the best characteristics. The design used in this research was completely randomized design (CRD) with the comparison between green bean flour and wheat flour i.e. (70 g :30 g), (60 g :40 g), (50 g :50 g), (40 g :60 g), and (30 g :70 g). Data were analysed by analysis of variance, followed by Duncan test. The result of this research showed that the comparison between green bean flours and wheat flour had no real effect on water content and aroma of analogue meatball, but significant effects were found on ash content, protein content, fat content, crude fiber content, texture, sensory characteristic such as color, flavour, texture, and overall acceptance of analogue meatball. The best characteristic of analogue meatball was comparison between green bean flour and wheat flour 30 g : 70 g i.e. 59.00 percent of water content, 1.34 percent of ash content, 6.88 percent of protein content, 1.77 percent of fat content, 1.77 percent of crude fiber content, level of elasticity 6.38 N, color (liked), aroma (neutral), texture (liked) with chewy characteristics, with the taste is rather not typical of green beans and liked, and overall acceptance (liked).

scholarly journals STUDY OF GELATIN FROM DUCK BONE AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF HALAL GELATIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Habbib Khirzin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Alternative Sources

Gelatin is an intermediate ingredient which is oftenly used in many field such as food, pharmacy, and cosmetics. It is usually extracted from pig and cow. Halal issue of gelatin sources and the outbreaks of mad cow diseases encouraged people to find an alternative sources of gelatin. One of the alternative sources of gelatin was duck bone. The aim of this research was to describe physicochemical properties of duck bone gelatin which is extracted by using acid extraction method as an alternative sources of halal gelatin. The extraction of duck bone gelatin used 5% concentration of HCl (hydrochloric acid). The extraction process consisted of four steps, they were degreassing, defating, demineralization, and acid extraction. The result showed that gelatin which was extracted from duck bone had these several characteristic: yield of 6.24%, pH 4.0, water content of 13.43%, ash content of 13.42%, protein content of 65.43%, and whiteness degree of 30.35%. Generally, gelatin which was extracted from duck bone had similar characteristic with commercial gelatin and SNI standard. Further researcher had been suggested to reoptimized extraction method in order to reduce ash content.

scholarly journals VARIAN IKAN NIKE (Awaous melanocephalus) DAN IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) TERHADAP MUTU KERUPUK

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Desi Arisanti
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Hedonic Method ◽  
Average Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Processed Form ◽  
Current Utilization

the current utilization of nike fish and tuna is still limited to fresh condition. Crackers are a very popular food by all levels of society. Utilization of nike fish and tuna in processed form with longer shelf life has not been done. Nutritional content of both types of fish is a reason in the selection as a basic ingredient in making crackers. The purpose of this research is to know the formulation of nike fish and tuna to the quality of crackers. The observation parameters in this study are the level of favorite or hedonic method, water content, ash content, bloom and texture analizer. The results showed that the average water content of nike fish crackers and skipjack fish from treatment A1 3.3%, treatment A2 3.29%, A3 3.77%. Mean of ash content at treatment of A1 1,97%, treatment of A2 1,55%, treatment of A3 1,58%. The average of A1 is 283,54%, A2 242,75%, A3 182,23%. and the mean of analyzer analyzer test at A1 1185,6%, A2 708,9%, and A3 783,83%. Based on the results and the discussion that has been done on the quality of crackers, it can be concluded that the best formula and liked by the panelists is formula A1

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