scholarly journals KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET DARI PENCAMPURAN JERAMI DAN SEKAM PADI DARI LIMBAH PASCA PANEN DI LAHAN GAMBUT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Fonny Rianawati ◽  
Zainal Abidin ◽  
Muhammad Naparin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Post Harvest

This study aims to study the characteristics of briquettes from rice straw and rice husks in the form of moisture content, density, ash content, flight substance content, and heating value with different mixing variations in an effort to overcome the occurrence of deep forest / land fires to control forest or land fires in wetland areas by innovating and utilizing technology of straw and rice husks from post-harvest waste.  The test results showed, the characteristic values are not much different for each mixing variation and are still below the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 1-6235-2000, namely The heating value ranges from 2729.33 - 3492.14 cal/g (SNI ≥ 5000 cal/g), bonded carbon content ranges from 2.3524 -12.5870% (SNI ≥ 77%), ash content ranges from 27.3367 -29.8367% (SNI ≤ 8%) and the moisture content ranges from 18.2130 -28.8903% (SNI ≤ 8%). This is presumably due to the large content of the adhesive used, the pressing and drying processes that cause high water content, because high water content will cause a low calorific value. Low heating value will cause a large amount of ash content which causes a low value of bound carbon. However, overall charcoal briquettes from rice husks and rice straw can be applied to the community as a technological innovation that can be used in the use of post-harvest waste in an effort to control forest and land fires with land processing without burning.

scholarly journals Elementary analysis and energetic potential of the municipal sewage sludges from the Gdańsk and Kościerzyna WWTPs

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Ostojski
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Water ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Sewage Sludges ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Elementary Analysis

This paper aims to present municipal sewage sludge (MSS) elementary analysis and energetic potential based on measurement of heat of combustion (higher heating value HHV) and calculation of calorific values (lower heating value LHV). The analysis takes into the consideration water content in sewage sludge, at different utilization stages, in wastewater treatment plants in Gdańsk Wschód and Kościerzyna – Pomeranian Voivodeship. The study yielded the following results (in % dry matter): ash 19÷31 %, C - 31÷36 %, H - 5÷6 %, N - 4÷6 %, O - 28÷32 %, S – 1 %. Calorific value of stabilized sludges in Gdańsk was on average 13.8÷15 MJ/kg. In case of sludges not undergoing digestion from Kościerzyna WWTP, the calorific value was at the level of 17.5 MJ/kg. Thus, sewage sludges are good energy carriers. High water content though is the problem, as it lowers the useful effect of heat. There is no alternative for thermal sewage sludge neutralization, which is in conformity with valid Polish National Waste Management Plan (KPGO 2022).

scholarly journals ANGKA KAPANG DAN KHAMIR PADA LADA PUTIH ASAL BANGKA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Oktavio Rosani ◽  
Devy Susanty ◽  
Ary Triyanto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Mold And Yeast ◽  
The Relationship

Numbers of Mold and Yeast on White Pepper from BangkaWhite pepper is one of Indonesia's spices that are needed for both public consumption and exports. Post-harvest processing of white pepper by farmers is often done with unclean. Each source of white pepper has different water content and will affect the quality of white pepper. In this study, seven samples (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7) were from Bangka. All samples tested had higher water content than SNI quality standard (13%), but still below the quality standard 2 (18%). Sample S2 has the highest water content compared to other samples. Sample S1 and S2 have high Numbers of Mold and Yeast (AKK) and do not suitable with quality standart of BPOM. Of all samples, S2  had the highest AKK (5,51 x 104 colony / g) and sample S5 had the smallest AKK (8,8 x 102 colony / g). This shows the relationship between water content in white pepper with AKK. White pepper that has a high water content has a high AKK, whereas white pepper that has low moisture content has low AKK.Keywords: white pepper, Numbers of Mold and Yeast, moisture contentABSTRAKLada putih adalah salah satu rempah Indonesia  yang  banyak dibutuhkan baik untuk konsumsi masyarakat ataupun ekspor. Proses pengolahan pasca panen lada putih oleh petani sering dilakukan dengan tidak bersih. Setiap sumber lada putih memiliki kadar air yang berbeda dan akan mempengaruhi kualitas lada putih. Pada penelitian ini,tujuh sampel (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7)  berasal dari Bangka. Semua sampel yang di uji memiliki kadar air yang lebih tinggi dari standar mutu 1 SNI (13%), namun masih berada di bawah standar mutu 2 (18 %). Sampel S2 memiliki kadar air yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan sampel lainnya. Sampel S1 dan S2 memiliki  (Angka Kapang Khamir) AKK yang tinggi dan tidak memenuhi syarat mutu. BPOM. Dari semua sampel, sampel S2 memiliki AKK paling tinggi (5,51 x 104 koloni/g) dan sampel S5 memiliki AKK paling kecil (8,8 x 102 koloni/g). Hal ini menunjukan hubungan antara kadar air pada lada putih dengan AKK. Lada putih yang memiliki kadar air tinggi memiliki AKK yang juga tinggi, sedangkan lada putih yang memiliki kadar air rendah memiki AKK yang  rendah.Kata Kunci: Lada putih, Angka kapang khamir, Kadar Air

scholarly journals Initial Moisture Content of Corncobs Plays an Important Role in Maintaining its Quality during Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Lince Mukkun ◽  
Herianus J.D. Lalel ◽  
Yuliana Tandirubak
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Randomized Design

Maize is one of the important staple foods for people in Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Subsistent farmers store the maize for their own consumption until the next harvest season, for seed and feed.  However, high initial water content of the kernel due to improper drying prior storage initiate serious damage and losses during the maize storage.  High water content promotes the growth of fungi and insects, and increase respiration rate, resulting in rapid deterioration of maize. The purpose of this study was to determine the initial moisture content that might minimize damage and losses of maize in the farmers’ storage, and to study the effects of some plant materials that are used to smoke corns before storage. The experiment was initiated by sun-drying the harvested corncobs for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days (6 hours a day). This experiment was designed using Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Dried corncobs were stored in the farmer’s storage for 4 months. The effects of maize kernels’ initial water content on the development of water content in kernels; the percentage of damaged kernels; and the species of pathogen and insects were investigated during storage with 2-week intervals.  The results demonstrated that drying the corncobs prior storage for 10 days, resulting in 12.96% of water content, significantly decreased the percentage of seed damage to 6.5%, as compared to without drying process which resulted  in 63%.  Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., and Penicillium sp were found to be the main pathogen during storage.  There are no insect pests found during the storage. 

KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN RUMPUT LAUT (Sargassum sp.) YANG DIPEROLEH DARI KECAMATAN WANGI-WANGI DAN KECAMATAN WANGI-WANGI SELATAN KABUPATEN WAKATOBI

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
La Ode Sarlin ◽  
Haslianti Haslianti ◽  
Sri Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
High Water ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
Keywords Antioxidants

ABSTRACT         The aim of this study was to determine the proximate content (moisture content, carbohydrate content), phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids) and antioxidants. This research used descriptive analysis. Proximate test results on Sargassum sp. P1 = 35.43% and P2 = 34.42% High water content is found in sample code P1, while carbohydrates P1 = 11.85. and P2 = 22.05. Phytochemical test of seaweed Sargassum sp. there are flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids but there are no alkaloids and steroids. Antioxidant activity of seaweed Sargassum sp. P1 has a value of IC50 = 153.37 while the value of IC50 is at P2 = 162.32. Keywords: Antioxidants, Phytochemicals Sargassum sp, and Proximate.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakterisasi kimia aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Sargassum sp. yang diperoleh dari Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi dan Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi.  Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil Uji proksimat pada rumput laut Sargassum sp. yaitu : P1 = 35,43% dan P2 = 34,42% Kadar air yang tinggi terdapat pada kode sampel P1, Sedangkan karbohidrat dengan kode sampel P1= 11,85. dan P2 = 22,05. Uji fitokimia rumput laut Sargassum sp. terdapat flavonoid, saponin dan terpenoid namun tidak terdapat alkaloid dan steroid. Aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Sargassum sp. P1 memiliki nilai IC50 = 153,37, sedangkan nilai IC50 pada P2 = 162,32.Kata kunci: Antioksidan, Fitokimia Sargassum sp, dan Proksimat.

TINGKAT PENERIMAAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP BAKSO IKAN LELE DENGAN KONSENTRASI DAGING YANG BERBEDA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Musdalifah Musdalifah ◽  
Wendy Alexander Tanod
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Increased production of catfish in Central Sulawesi was not followed by an increase in the consumption of meat catfish. Diversification of products made from meat catfish, into attractive products such as meatballs need to be done. This study aims to determine consumer acceptance of meatball use catfish meat. This study uses 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The parameters tested in each treatment, the ash content, moisture content and organoleptic assessment. The treatments were given, namely variations in the concentration of meat catfish 200 g, 400 g, 600 g and 800 g. The results showed the ash content meatballs catfish ranging from 0.64% to 0.93%. The water content meatball catfish of each treatment ranged between 66.75% - 70%. Value organoleptic appearance meatballs catfish range of 6.33 to 6.83. Smell value of meatballs catfish ranging from 6.50 to 6.83. Flavor value of meatballs catfish ranging from 6.33 to 6.83. Texture value of meatballs catfish ranging from 6.33 to 6.83. From the results of this study concluded that the levels of ash and water content meatball catfish from each treatment were given still meet the Indonesian National Standard and meatballs catfish with meat concentrations of 600 g and 800 g preferably panelists

scholarly journals Effects of Water Immersion and Soil Moisture Content on Larval and Pupal Survival of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaiyuan Li ◽  
Consolatha Chambi ◽  
Tianhua Du ◽  
Cong Huang ◽  
Fulian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Respiration Rates

Bactrocera minax, one of the most devastating citrus pests in Asia, has two developmental stages (mature larva and pupa) that complete their life cycle in the soil. Currently, southern China has a climate with abundant autumn rains, and soil moisture can be a major factor affecting the survival of larvae and pupae of B. minax. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of water immersion and high soil moisture content on the development of mature larvae and pupae of B. minax. When immersed in water for 1 d, 100% of mature larvae of B. minax were knocked out. When larvae were immersed for less than 6 d, however, more than 92% of knocked-out larvae recovered within 24 h. The days of water immersion with 50% and 90% recovery ratios (indicated as RD50 and RD90) were 10.3 d and 6.4 d, respectively. When larvae were immersed less than 6 d, the mortality ratios of larvae were not significantly different from those that were not immersed at all. The days of immersion causing 50% and 90% mortality of larvae (MD50 and MD90, respectively) were 7.6 d and 11.1 d, respectively. The pupation ratios of larvae were also observed to be not significantly different compared to non-immersion, and the days of immersion causing 50% and 90% pupation (PD50 and PD90, respectively) were 6.6 d and 0.8 d, respectively. Larval respiration rates were reduced after water immersion as a strategy for larval survival. High water content was not detrimental to pupae of B. minax. Adult emergence did not significantly decrease in soil with high water content, even though pupae were under those conditions for 161–175 d. The respiration rates of pupae were lower in soil with different moisture levels and were not significantly different, which ensured the survival of pupae in high water content. Reduced respiration rate is a strategy for survival of larvae and pupae, and remarkable tolerance to high moisture conditions could explain the high rate of spread and geographical distribution of B. minax. The results of this study provide a reference for the occurrence and control of B. minax.

scholarly journals Analisis mutu briket arang dari limbah biomassa campuran kulit kopi dan tempurung kelapa dengan perekat tepung tapioka

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
Bagus Setyawan ◽  
Rosiana Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Tapioca Flour

Plantation wastes such as coffee skins and coconut shells in Indonesia have not been utilized optimally. Waste can be utilized for the manufacture of charcoal briquettes as an alternative fuel. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of charcoal briquettes from biomass waste mixed with coffee skin and coconut shell with tapioca flour adhesive. This research is a type of laboratory experimental research. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. Testing the quality of charcoal briquettes includes tests of water content, ash content, combustion rate, and heating value. The research data will be compared with the International charcoal briquette quality standards and the Indonesian National Standard (INS). The results showed that the water content and an ash content of the charcoal briquettes were still below the international charcoal briquette quality standards and INS. However, the heating value of this charcoal briquette is surpass the INS quality standard. The conclusion of the research is the quality of the charcoal briquettes from the waste of biomass of coffee husk and coconut shell with tapioca flour recorder in the aspects of water content and ash content is still below the international quality standard and SNI, but in the aspect of the heat value of the charcoal briquette the research results are above the SNI quality standard.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perendaman Kulit Buah Cokelat (Theobroma cacao)Terhadap Kualitas Minyak Goreng Bekas

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulia Aria Suzanni ◽  
Dina Akmila ◽  
Raihanaton Raihanaton ◽  
Rizki Andalia ◽  
Saudah Saudah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
High Water ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Peroxide Number ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Waste Oil

The use of waste oil that can cause health problems. The disturbance is caused by the high peroxide number triggered by oxidation and hydrolysis of oil in the presence of free fatty acids and high water content. Reuse of waste oil can be done with several alternatives such as the addition of natural antioxidants or synthesis. This study aimed to determine the effect of soaking wet and dry chocolate fruit on the quality of waste oil. The parameters seen are water content, acid numbers, peroxide numbers and free fatty acid levels. The moisture content was determined by the oven drying method, acid numbers and free fatty acid levels by the alkalimetry titration method, and peroxide number by the iodometry method. The results showed that the waste oil soaked on the exocarp of dried cacao is more optimal in reducing the peroxide number by 38.71%, while soaking with wet exocarp is only 12.14%. Moisture content increased by 0.08% on soaking with the exocarp of dried cacao, whereas wet exsocarp is 1.63%. Acid number increased 17.42% in soaking with the exocarp of dried cacao, whereas wet exocarp is 36%. Free fatty acid levels increased 0.64% in dumping with dried exocarp, while soaking with the exocarp of wet cacao increased by 0.82%.

Hydrogels as Antibacterial Biomaterials

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 843-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Xu ◽  
Shujun Dong ◽  
Yuping Han ◽  
Shuqiang Li ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Biomedical Field

Hydrogels, as a class of materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery, have high water content and solid-like mechanical properties. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a research hotspot in biomedical field. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels have been developed, each possessing unique qualities, namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing drugs and structural diversity. In this article, an overview is provided on the preparation and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical researches and clinical applications are predicted.

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