scholarly journals Productivity and composition of maize biomass in the central agroclimatic region of the Komi Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
G. Tabalenkova ◽  
O. DYMOVA ◽  
T. GOLOVKO
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Maize Cultivar ◽  
New Varieties

Abstract. In the Komi Republic agricultural production and crops are characterized by low heat availability, short growing season, poor and acidic soil. This determines the selection of cultivated plants. In order to develop and increase the efficiency of northern crop production, expanding the range of cultivated crops through new varieties and hybrids adapted to cold climates is a priority. Over the past twenty years in the central agroclimatic region of the Komi Republic the period with temperatures above 10 °C has increased from 88 to 95 days, and the sum of active temperatures has increased from 1400 to 1560 °C. This allows to expand the range of cultivated fodder crops, including new varieties of corn. Studies on the possibility of growing of maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) in the central agro-climatic region of the Komi Republic were carried out. The subject of this study was the modern maize cultivar, Dork, an early three-line hybrid characterized by rapid growth, cold and drought resistance in the initial stages of development. Zea mays plants were grown in a field on an area of 100 m2 near Syktyvkar (61.67 N, 50.76 E). Seeds of Zea mays were sown late, June 20, due to cold and raw weather in May – first decade of June. At a sum of effective temperatures of less than 1800 °C the Dorka cultivar formed 564 c/ha of green (fresh) mass and 106 c/ha of dry mass. In dry biomass the content of soluble sugars consist of 200 g/kg, carotenoids was 140 g/kg, amino acids – 52 g/kg, among them essential amino acids – 18.7 g/kg. The biomass of maize cultivar, Dorka, is rich in calcium and magnesium. Thus, in terms of crop productivity and nutritional value of biomass, the maize cultivar, Dorka, is promising for cultivation in the central and southern agro-climatic regions of the Komi Republic. It is suitable for use as green feed and silting.

scholarly journals Seed reserve composition and mobilization during germination and initial seedling development of Euphorbia heterophylla

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
CECILIA N.K. SUDA ◽  
JARBAS F. GIORGINI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Rapid Transfer ◽  
Albumin Depletion

Seed composition and reserve mobilization were investigated in wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.). Lipids, around 60% of seed dry mass, are the major reserve. Proteins, including albumins (49%), salt insoluble globulins (30%), salt-soluble globulins (21%) and prolamins (0.3%), comprise about a quarter of seed dry mass. Soluble sugars comprise about 3.6% of seed dry mass, sucrose being the predominant sugar. Starch was not detected in the endosperm of E. heterophylla. Lipid depletion starts after initial imbibition, and is completed between 72 and 96 hours. Protein fractions exhibit different degradation patterns, salt-soluble globulins being continuously degraded after the start of imbibition whereas salt insoluble fractions are degraded between 36 and 72 hours, and albumins between 60 and 84 hours. Globulin depletion is accompanied by an increase in free amino acids in the endosperm whereas intense albumin depletion is not. This result suggests that during albumin depletion there is a rapid transfer of amino acids to the growing embryo. Histochemical studies indicated that light accelerates protein degradation in the micropylar area of the seed. Soluble sugars increase in the embryo with no concomitant decrease in the endosperm, suggesting that sugars are mostly originated from the catabolism of lipids.

scholarly journals Application of chlorophyll fluorescence performance indices to assess the wheat photosynthetic functions influenced by nitrogen deficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Živčák ◽  
K. Olšovská ◽  
P. Slamka ◽  
J. Galambošová ◽  
V. Rataj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Diurnal Changes

Nitrogen deficiency influences importantly the plant photosynthetic capacity and crop productivity. Here, we employed the rapid, non-invasive measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics for calculation of the integrative fluorescence parameters related to the leaf photosynthetic performance. In pot experiments with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) we cultivated plants during the whole growing period in the soil substrate supplied with four different doses of nitrogen. The leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll content as well as the plant dry mass were analyzed after chlorophyll fluorescence records in three growth stages. Our results indicate that the commonly used parameter F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub> (the maximum quantum yield of photochemistry) was almost insensitive to nitrogen treatment. In contrary, the performance index (PI<sub>abs</sub>) and total performance index (PI<sub>tot</sub>) were much more responsive and significant differences among plants of different nitrogen treatments as well as between the youngest and third leaf from the top were observed. Parameter PI<sub>tot</sub> was shown to express only small diurnal changes, thus being more reliable and more useful for comparison of different samples in field conditions than more frequently used parameter PI<sub>abs</sub>.

Analysis of Crop Yield Prediction of Kharif & Rabi Jowar Crops Using Data Mining Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Sujata Mulik
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Rabi Crops

Agriculture sector in India is facing rigorous problem to maximize crop productivity. More than 60 percent of the crop still depends on climatic factors like rainfall, temperature, humidity. This paper discusses the use of various Data Mining applications in agriculture sector. Data Mining is used to solve various problems in agriculture sector. It can be used it to solve yield prediction.  The problem of yield prediction is a major problem that remains to be solved based on available data. Data mining techniques are the better choices for this purpose. Different Data Mining techniques are used and evaluated in agriculture for estimating the future year's crop production. In this paper we have focused on predicting crop yield productivity of kharif & Rabi Crops. 

Comparative Advantage of Using Biopesticides in Ukrainian Agroecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasrat Arjjumend ◽  
Konstantia Koutouki ◽  
Olga Donets
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Irreversible Damage

The use of unsustainable levels of chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals has resulted in a steady decline in soil and crop productivity the world over. Soil biology has undergone irreversible damage, coupled with a high concentration of toxic chemical residues in plant tissues and human bodies. Agricultural practices must evolve to sustainably meet the growing global demand for food without irreversibly damaging soil. Microbial biocontrol agents have tremendous potential to bring sustainability to agriculture in a way that is safe for the environment. Biopesticides do not kill non-target insects, and biosafety is ensured because biopesticides act as antidotes and do not lead to chemical contamination in the soil. This article is part of a larger study conducted in Ukraine by researchers at the Université de Montréal with the support of Mitacs and Earth Alive Clean Technologies. The responses of farmers who use biofertilizers (“user farmers”) and those who do not (“non-user farmers”), along with the responses of manufacturers or suppliers of biofertilizers, and research and development (R&D) scientists are captured to demonstrate the advantages of applying microbial biopesticides to field crops. Participants reported a 15-30% increase in yields and crop production after the application of biopesticides. With the use of biopesticides, farmers cultivated better quality fruits, grains, and tubers with a longer shelf life. Moreover, while the risk of crop loss remains high (60-70%) with chemically grown crops, this risk is reduced to 33% on average if crops are grown using biopesticides. The findings indicate that a large proportion of farmers would prefer to use biopesticides if they are effective and high quality products. In this context, the quality and effectiveness of products is therefore very important. Despite their benefits to soil, human health, and ecosystems, biopesticides face significant challenges and competition vis-à-vis synthetic pesticides for a variety of reasons. Therefore, the development of biopesticides must overcome the problems of poor quality products, short shelf life, delayed action, high market costs, and legal/registration issues.

Evaluation of Zeolite-based Soilless Root Media for Potted Chrysanthemum Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 465e-465
Author(s):  
Janet L. Carlino ◽  
Kimberly A. Williams ◽  
Earl R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Control Medium ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Root Media ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

Chrysanthemum growth and nutrient leaching of three clinoptilolite-based root media, which were formulated and provided by Boulder Innovative Technologies, Inc. and ZeoponiX, Inc., were compared to the performance of control plants grown in Sunshine Mix #2 (3 peat: 1 perlite, v/v). The control received 210 mg·L–1 N from an 18N–4P–15K soluble fertilizer at each irrigation. The experimental zeolite-based medium NZ, which contained untreated zeolite and received the same soluble fertilizer as the control, leached lower concentrations of NH4-N, K, and PO4-P for most of the production cycle compared to the control. Medium EZ1 was formulated to provide N, P, and K as fertilizer nutrients and produced plants similar to the control based on ratings, height, width, and dry mass, but not fresh mass, at harvest when the fertilizer rate was half of that applied to the control, 105 mg·L–1 N. Medium EZ2, which did not receive P or K from soluble fertilizer, produced plants similar to the control based on rating, height, and dry mass, but not width or fresh mass, with soluble fertilizer input reduced to only N. Tissue N, P, and K concentrations of plants grown in media EZ1 and EZ2 were lower than those of control plants. With further refinements, these zeolite-based products show promise for decreasing nutrient leaching during crop production and allowing for application of lower rates of soluble fertilizers.

Screening of amino acid constituents from date palm fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4972
Author(s):  
Lata Birlangi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Social Part

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. The fruit of the date palm is an important crop of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It has always played a genuine economic and social part in the lives of the people of these areas. The present objective in examining the amino acid content of different varieties of date palm fruits from Middle-East region; is to determine whether its protein could effectively supplement the nutritional value and it is also aimed in finding which variety is rich in number of amino acids. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of eight essential amino acids and five non-essential amino acids in the date fruits. Among all the date fruit varieties taken as samples for the study, Dabbas cultivar of United Arab Emirates found to exhibit eight types of amino acids which includes five as non-essential ones. Total of thirteen amino acids were detected in the seven date cultivars. Determination of amino acid can serve as a guide to the possible nutritional value.

scholarly journals Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as Agricultural Lighting: Impact and Its Potential on Improving Physiology, Flowering, and Secondary Metabolites of Crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1985
Author(s):  
Musa Al Murad ◽  
Kaukab Razi ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong ◽  
Prakash Muthu Arjuna Samy ◽  
Sowbiya Muneer
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Lighting Systems

A reduction in crop productivity in cultivable land and challenging environmental factors have directed advancement in indoor cultivation systems, such that the yield parameters are higher in outdoor cultivation systems. In wake of this situation, light emitting diode (LED) lighting has proved to be promising in the field of agricultural lighting. Properties such as energy efficiency, long lifetime, photon flux efficacy and flexibility in application make LEDs better suited for future agricultural lighting systems over traditional lighting systems. Different LED spectrums have varied effects on the morphogenesis and photosynthetic responses in plants. LEDs have a profound effect on plant growth and development and also control key physiological processes such as phototropism, the immigration of chloroplasts, day/night period control and the opening/closing of stomata. Moreover, the synthesis of bioactive compounds and antioxidants on exposure to LED spectrum also provides information on the possible regulation of antioxidative defense genes to protect the cells from oxidative damage. Similarly, LEDs are also seen to escalate the nutrient metabolism in plants and flower initiation, thus improving the quality of the crops as well. However, the complete management of the irradiance and wavelength is the key to maximize the economic efficacy of crop production, quality, and the nutrition potential of plants grown in controlled environments. This review aims to summarize the various advancements made in the area of LED technology in agriculture, focusing on key processes such as morphological changes, photosynthetic activity, nutrient metabolism, antioxidant capacity and flowering in plants. Emphasis is also made on the variation in activities of different LED spectra between different plant species. In addition, research gaps and future perspectives are also discussed of this emerging multidisciplinary field of research and its development.

scholarly journals Agricultural Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers in Ethiopia: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Markose Chekol Zewdie ◽  
Michele Moretti ◽  
Daregot Berihun Tenessa ◽  
Zemen Ayalew Ayele ◽  
Jan Nyssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Approach ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

In the past decade, to improve crop production and productivity, Ethiopia has embarked on an ambitious irrigation farming expansion program and has introduced new large- and small-scale irrigation initiatives. However, in Ethiopia, poverty remains a challenge, and crop productivity per unit area of land is very low. Literature on the technical efficiency (TE) of large-scale and small-scale irrigation user farmers as compared to the non-user farmers in Ethiopia is also limited. Investigating smallholder farmers’ TE level and its principal determinants is very important to increase crop production and productivity and to improve smallholder farmers’ livelihood and food security. Using 1026 household-level cross-section data, this study adopts a technology flexible stochastic frontier approach to examine agricultural TE of large-scale irrigation users, small-scale irrigation users and non-user farmers in Ethiopia. The results indicate that, due to poor extension services and old-style agronomic practices, the mean TE of farmers is very low (44.33%), implying that there is a wider room for increasing crop production in the study areas through increasing the TE of smallholder farmers without additional investment in novel agricultural technologies. Results also show that large-scale irrigation user farmers (21.05%) are less technically efficient than small-scale irrigation user farmers (60.29%). However, improving irrigation infrastructure shifts the frontier up and has a positive impact on smallholder farmers’ output.

scholarly journals Revisiting Sulphur—The Once Neglected Nutrient: It’s Roles in Plant Growth, Metabolism, Stress Tolerance and Crop Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Tinashe Zenda ◽  
Songtao Liu ◽  
Anyi Dong ◽  
Huijun Duan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Sulphur Nutrition ◽  
Physiological Processes

Sulphur plays crucial roles in plant growth and development, with its functions ranging from being a structural constituent of macro-biomolecules to modulating several physiological processes and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In spite of these numerous sulphur roles being well acknowledged, agriculture has paid scant regard for sulphur nutrition, until only recently. Serious problems related to soil sulphur deficiencies have emerged and the intensification of food, fiber, and animal production is escalating to feed the ever-increasing human population. In the wake of huge demand for high quality cereal and vegetable diets, sulphur can play a key role in augmenting the production, productivity, and quality of crops. Additionally, in light of the emerging problems of soil fertility exhaustion and climate change-exacerbated environmental stresses, sulphur assumes special importance in crop production, particularly under intensively cropped areas. Here, citing several relevant examples, we highlight, in addition to its plant biological and metabolism functions, how sulphur can significantly enhance crop productivity and quality, as well as acclimation to abiotic stresses. By this appraisal, we also aim to stimulate readers interests in crop sulphur research by providing priorities for future pursuance, including bettering our understanding of the molecular processes and dynamics of sulphur availability and utilization in plants, dissecting the role of soil rhizospherical microbes in plant sulphur transformations, enhancing plant phenotyping and diagnosis for nutrient deficiencies, and matching site-specific crop sulphur demands with fertilizer amendments in order to reduce nutrient use inefficiencies in both crop and livestock production systems. This will facilitate the proper utilization of sulphur in crop production and eventually enhance sustainable and environmentally friend food production.

scholarly journals The Pitfalls of Relating Weeds, Herbicide Use, and Crop Yield: Don't Fall Into the Trap! A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Colbach ◽  
Sandrine Petit ◽  
Bruno Chauvel ◽  
Violaine Deytieux ◽  
Martin Lechenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
The Impact

The growing recognition of the environmental and health issues associated to pesticide use requires to investigate how to manage weeds with less or no herbicides in arable farming while maintaining crop productivity. The questions of weed harmfulness, herbicide efficacy, the effects of herbicide use on crop yields, and the effect of reducing herbicides on crop production have been addressed over the years but results and interpretations often appear contradictory. In this paper, we critically analyze studies that have focused on the herbicide use, weeds and crop yield nexus. We identified many inconsistencies in the published results and demonstrate that these often stem from differences in the methodologies used and in the choice of the conceptual model that links the three items. Our main findings are: (1) although our review confirms that herbicide reduction increases weed infestation if not compensated by other cultural techniques, there are many shortcomings in the different methods used to assess the impact of weeds on crop production; (2) Reducing herbicide use rarely results in increased crop yield loss due to weeds if farmers compensate low herbicide use by other efficient cultural practices; (3) There is a need for comprehensive studies describing the effect of cropping systems on crop production that explicitly include weeds and disentangle the impact of herbicides from the effect of other practices on weeds and on crop production. We propose a framework that presents all the links and feed-backs that must be considered when analyzing the herbicide-weed-crop yield nexus. We then provide a number of methodological recommendations for future studies. We conclude that, since weeds are causing yield loss, reduced herbicide use and maintained crop productivity necessarily requires a redesign of cropping systems. These new systems should include both agronomic and biodiversity-based levers acting in concert to deliver sustainable weed management.

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