scholarly journals Pengaruh Organisme Perifiton dalam Memperbaiki Kualitas Air pada Lahan Basah Buatan Sistem Aliran Air Permukaan Bebas

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul Bahri ◽  
Iga Maliga
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Total Phosphate ◽  
Primary Producer ◽  
Percent Removal

The main removal mechanism of water contaminants in wetlands is microorganisms activities. One of them is a periphyton that lives on a submerged substratum. Therefore, a study of the influence of periphyton in construcetd wetlands which is important in improving water quality. The research objectives were to identify of the quality of influent, the composition of algae, the periphytone algae as primary producer, the influence of free water surface velocity factor, the quality of effluent, efectivity and eficiency of constracted wetlands. The study was conducted in Bandung City on January 2017. The results show that influent of sewage is contaminated with domestic wastewater. In constructed wetlands foundthree classes of benthic algae as periphyton, namely Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, and Cyanophyta. Periphyton algae play an important role in the transfer of oxygen into water colomn. The free surface velocity factor was strongly correlated to the percent removal of nitrate (r = 0.84) and very strong to the percent removal of total phosphate (r = 0.90) by periphyton. The quality of effluent that qualified grade III were total phosphate and COD parameter only. Effectivity of treatement were 6,6% ? 38,3% BOD, 6,0% ? 38% COD. Efficiency of treatment on the water discharge 0,01 L/s were 4,4% ammonium; 39,2% nitrat; 47,1% organic nitrogen; 53,6% phosphate total; 38,3% BOD; 38% COD; 76,5% detergent.

scholarly journals SISTEM INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR-LIMBAH (IPAL) KOMUNAL DI RW 11 KELURAHAN KERTAJAYA KECAMATAN GUBENG SURABAYA

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Wijaya ◽  
Didik Sugeng Purwanto ◽  
Suprijandani .
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Fat Removal ◽  
Anaerobic System

Urban sanitation remained a difficult problem to overcome, particularly waste watermanagement. Improper wastewater discharges that do not meet health and environmentalrequirements maybe harmful to health. In order to control discharges of domestic wastewater,the Governor of East Java issued Regulation No. 72 of 2013 regarding Wastewater Standard forIndustries and/or Other BusinessActivities that includes parameters such as pH, BOD,COD,TSS,Oils and Fats. The purpose of the present study was to determine the system and processesofcommunal WWTP in RT 4 RW 11 on Jalan Kertajaya IV Raya Kelurahan Kertajaya KecamatanGubeng of Surabaya Municipality.This was a descriptive and cross-sectionalstudy. Data were collected through observations,measurements, interviews, laboratory tests, as well as secondary data collection. Water sampleswere taken three times at the inlet and outlet of the WWTP. The collected data weresubsequently analyzed in descriptive manner.Results showed that the inflow was greater than the outflow, leading to overflow of theWWTP. Sources of wastewater conslsted of domestic wastewater, water used to wash utilities,water discharge from motor vehides washing activities. Wastewater was treated by biologicalmethod consisted of an anaerobic system and physical methods involving a filtration system.Wastewater was sampled at the inlet and outlet points of the WWTP using a time-combinationmethod. BOD removal efficiency was found to be 29.9%-67.9%; COD removal efficiency was8.5%-44.6%; TSS removal efficiency was 41.7%-92.3%; Oil and Fat removal efficiency was 5%-61.9%. The quality of treated domestic wastewater of RW 11 Kelurahan Kertajaya did not meetthe deSignated requirements with regard to parameters of BOD,COD,Oil and Fat.It is recomended to improve the processing capacity of the WWTP in order to preventoverflows, increase the dimension of the biological treatment facility, and add a grease trap unitto help the effluent quality to meet the standards stated in EastJava Governor Regulation No. 72of 2013

scholarly journals KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI PITAP BERDASARKAN INDEKS AUTOTROPIK DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Sasi Gendro Sari ◽  
Siti Hanna Aprida
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Primary Producer

An epilithic benthic algae functions as a primary producer living on rock substrates. The Autotrofic Index (AI) was measured to understand the level of water pollutions by quantifying an autotrofy organism. This research determined water quality of Pitap river based on the autotrofic level of an epilithic benthic algae and to understand the correlation between the autotrofic level and physicochemical parameters. The measurement of water quality based on Ash-Free Dry Mass (AFDM), the amount of chlorophyll-a and physicochemical parameters were taken every month with two repetitions on September and October 2014. Five sampling sites were selected using a purposive sampling method based on the variety of environmental conditions around the Pitap river. The results showed that the water quality in the upstream (Ajung and Langkap villages) were classified non-pollution (dominated by autotrof compounds) until less pollution (dominated by autotrof-heterotof compounds). Other locations in downstream (Tebing Tinggi, Sungsum and Juuh villages) were determined pollution of water quality by dominance of autotrof-heterotrof components to dominance by heterotof components. Spearman correlation explained that autotrofic index on September 2014 was closely correlated with water temperature and water velocity with their value are 0,954 and -0,794 at significantly α=0,01. On October 2014 water temperature was closely correlated with its value 0,681 at significantly α=0,05.

scholarly journals Omnivorous Carp (Carassius gibelio) Increase Eutrophication in Part by Preventing Development of Large-Bodied Zooplankton and Submerged Macrophytes

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Vladimir Razlutskij ◽  
Xueying Mei ◽  
Natallia Maisak ◽  
Elena Sysova ◽  
Dzmitry Lukashanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Plankton Community ◽  
Prussian Carp ◽  
Omnivorous Fish ◽  
Outdoor Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Lower Biomass

Fish, being an important consumer in aquatic ecosystems, plays a significant role by affecting the key processes of aquatic ecosystems. Omnivorous fish consume a variety of food both from pelagic and benthic habitats and may directly or indirectly affect the plankton community as well as the lake trophic state. We conducted a 72-day outdoor experiment in mesocosms with and without Prussian carp (Carassius auratus) to evaluate the effect of this often-stocked omnivorous fish on the plankton community and water quality. We found that the presence of fish increased the biomass of planktonic algae, total and inorganic suspended solids, leading to decreased light intensity in the water and a lower biomass of benthic algae. Fish also prevented development of submerged macrophytes and the establishment of large-bodied zooplankton. However, the fish did not increase nitrogen concentrations and even was lowered total phosphorus levels, in part due to nutrient storage in the fish. We conclude that stocking of Prussian carp should be avoided, or removed where stocked and abundant, to obtain good ecological quality of shallow lakes, characterized by clear water and high abundance of macrophytes.

scholarly journals Analysis Quality of Water River and Quality of Well Water in The Surrounding of Rejo Agung Baru Sugar Factory Madiun

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanti Oktavia Ningrum
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Quality Of Water

The quality of wastewater sugar factory produced will affect the environmental health quality around the factory. The study aimed to analyze the quality of water river and the quality of wells around the Rejo Agung Baru sugar factory in the Madiun. This study is an descriptive observational. The samples comprised of 5 sampels of water rivers and 7 samples of well water. The results of the study at the quality of water river showed that there are parameters (BOD5 and temperature) unqualified with the quality standards based on the East Java Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2008 about Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control in the East Java, the quality of water river is also affected by the waste water, trash, agricultural waste, and other pollutants. The result of measuring the quality of water well showed that there are parameters (organic substance) unqualified with quality standards based on Permenkes No: 416/Menkes/PER/ IX/1990 about the Terms and Water Quality Monitoring, the quality of Well water is also affected by the quality of water river, a distance of toilet, domestic wastewater and other pollutants. The quality of water river and the quality of well water have decreased that required supervision on the quality of a river water and the quality of water of a well.

scholarly journals ANALISA PERENCANAAN SISTEM DRAINASE DALAM UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN BANJIR DI KECAMATAN GANDUSARI KABUPATEN TRENGGALEK

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Rizqi Dwi Prasetyo ◽  
Yosef Cahyo ◽  
Ahmad Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Channel Height ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Flood Prevention ◽  
Dirty Water ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Ideal

In industrial areas or densely populated settlements, generally found channels that function besides to drain rainwater as well as to discharge domestic wastewater or dirty water from households. Drainage systems are often the main problem in the occurrence of flooding. It is necessary to analyze how their performance and resistance to flooding in the District of Gandusari, Trenggalek Regency. For analysis of drainage system planning in flood prevention efforts, the authors used the Van-Breun and Mononobe calculation methods to determine the number of incoming water discharge, the ideal dimension of the channel to accommodate the inlet discharge channel, and calculate the cost budget plan (RAB) of the builder. From the analysis, results obtained a cumulative discharge of rainwater, and dirty water entering the drainage amounted to 0.4695 m3 / sec. From the calculation, the ideal dimensions of the drainage can be obtained to be able to accommodate rainwater runoff and dirty water discharge using square channels, where the 1.5 m channel height is all added to the water level of 0.2 m and 0.7 m in width 500 m. While the budget plan for the construction costs is Rp. 794,048,000.00 -Di daerah industri atau pemukiman padat penduduk umumnya ditemukan saluran yang berfungsi selain untuk mengalirkan air hujan juga sekaligus untuk pembuangan air limbah domestik ataupun air kotor dari rumah tangga. System drainase sering menjadi pokok masalah dalam terjadinya banjir, maka perlu di Analisa bagaimana kinerjanya dan ketahanan terhadap banjir di Kecamatan Gandusari Kabupaten Trenggalek. Untuk analisis perencanaan sistem drainase dalam upaya penanggulangan banjir penulis menggunakan metode perhitungan Van-Breun dan Mononobe untuk mengetahui angka debit air yang masuk, dimensi ideal saluran untuk menampung saluran debit air masuk dan menghitung rencana anggaran biaya (RAB) pembangunanya. Dari hasil analisa didapatkan debit komulatif air hujan dan air kotor yang masuk ke drainase sebesar 0.4695 m3/detik. Dari perhitungan didapatkan dimensi saluran drainase yang ideal agar mampu menampung limpasan air hujan dan debit air kotor dengan menggunakan saluran berbentuk persegi, dimana tinggi saluran 1,5 m semuanya ditambahkan dengan tinggi jagaan air sebesar 0,2 m dan lebar 0,7 m dengan panjang 500 m. Sedangkan rencana Anggaran Biaya pembangunannya sebesar Rp. 794.048.000,00,-

Application of treated wastewater for cultivation of carnations

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Petousi ◽  
N. Stavroulaki ◽  
M. Fountoulakis ◽  
M. Papadimitriou ◽  
E.I. Stentiford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Micro Elements ◽  
Positive Effect

The reuse of domestic wastewater for irrigation of floriculture crops is a very promising option in water-scarce areas. On the other hand, there are concerns about the effect of that kind low-quality water on plant growth. The present work examined the effect of irrigation with several type of treated domestic wastewater on production of carnations. Potted plants were irrigated with primary treated, secondary treated and tertiary treated wastewater as well as with water and water with fertilizer. The results shown that carnations can be irrigated with treated wastewater as the growth and quality of plant is equal or better compared with water. Furthermore, it was found that nutrients and micro-elements contained in treated wastewater had as a result positive effect on characteristics of carnations.

scholarly journals Characteristics of domestic wastewater and estimation of required johkasou capacity for buildings in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-747
Author(s):  
S. Kumokawa ◽  
Y. Shirakawa ◽  
P. Flamand
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Quantity and quality of raw domestic wastewater are reviewed and discussed for packaged plants, known as johkasou, in Japan. A method for the estimation of johkasou capacity in terms of population equivalent, or PE, was introduced and discussed in this paper. It was found that the pollutant loads of domestic wastewater were respectively BOD 45 g, CODMn 23 g, SS 37 g, TN 9.3 g and TP 1.1 g per capita per day on average. It shows that the BOD load of wastewater from kitchens is higher than that of black water. The estimation of the johkasou capacity needed for buildings can be done using a series of formulas, which forms an important estimation method for the implementation of on-site wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Risk analysis in drinking water accumulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Říhová Ambrožová ◽  
J. Říha ◽  
J. Hubáčková ◽  
I. Čiháková
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Haccp System ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Water Accumulation

Drinking water is safe water, from the perspective of long-term use is does not cause any disease, pathogenic and hygienically unsafe microorganisms do not spread in it and customers enjoy its consumption. Drinking water is regarded as a foodstuff, therefore the known HACCP system can be used in the control system which can be applied not only directly to the final product, but also to the whole system of drinking water production, distribution, and accumulation. Even if there is no problem concerning the water processing and the technological line is well adjusted, the quality of drinking water is subsequently deteriorated by its transportation and accumulation. The condition and character of the operated distribution network and reservoirs are significantly and substantially related to the maintenance of the biological stability and quality of drinking water. This is well confirmed by biological audits of the distribution networks and water reservoirs. A significant fact is the negative influence of the secondary contamination by air in the reservoir facilities and the occurrence of microorganisms (fungi, bacteria) in free water and in biofilms. The findings obtained in the framework of biological audits were so alarming that the outputs of biological audits contributed to the reconsideration of the efficiency of the standard for the construction and design of water reservoirs and pointed out the necessity of its review.

Quality of meat from three muscles of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama)

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bykowska ◽  
Marek Stanisz ◽  
Agnieszka Ludwiczak ◽  
Joanna Składanowska ◽  
Piotr Ślósarz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Technological Quality

The quality of three muscles (supraspinatus, longissimus, semimembranosus) were studied in a group of 12 farmed fallow deer bucks (Dama dama) aged 28 months. The aim was to compare the selected quality traits of these muscles and to assess the extent to which these traits change after 14 days of being stored in vacuum packaging. Both the pH and the temperature were significantly affected by the muscle (P < 0.0001) and the time of storage (P < 0.0001). The supraspinatus muscle had the highest initial and final pH (pH0.5 h = 6.95; pH15d = 5.93), while m. semimembranosus showed the greatest drop in temperature (by 37.5°C) 24 h postmortem. The colour parameters differed among muscles. Only lightness (L*) was not influenced by the duration of storage (P = 0.081). The 14-day storage in a vacuum bag caused a decrease in the drip loss (P = 0.002), free water (%; P = 0.001), free water (cm2; P < 0.0001) and a cooking loss (P = 0.050). The duration of time in storage caused an increase in the dry-matter (P = 0.049) and crude-protein (P = 0.044) contents and a decrease of the water to protein ratio (W : CP; P = 0.014). There was a significant effect of muscle on the dry-matter (P < 0.0001) and crude-protein (P < 0.001) contents and W : CP (P < 0.0001). The highest contents of dry matter (P ≤ 0.01) and crude protein (P ≤ 0.01) were found in m. longissimus. The highest W : CP was observed in m. supraspinatus (W : CP24 h = 4.02; W/CP15d = 3.92). The results indicated a different technological quality of the analysed muscles, and, thus, a need to further explore the background of these differences in the early postmortem period and after meat maturation.

scholarly journals Dental Unit Waterlines in Quito and Caracas Contaminated with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: A Potential Health Risk in Dental Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando J. Castellano Realpe ◽  
Johanna C. Gutiérrez ◽  
Deisy A. Sierra ◽  
Lourdes A. Pazmiño Martínez ◽  
Yrneh Y. Prado Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Dental Unit Waterlines ◽  
Dental Offices

Three cases of severe odontogenic infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Venezuela that were directly associated with dental procedures and the finding of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) in dental offices that were colonized with mycobacteria species was the reason for assessing the water quality of DUWLs in dental offices in two capital cities in South America, namely, Quito and Caracas. The main water supplies and the water from 143 DUWLs in both cities were sampled and especially checked for contamination with NTM. To measure the overall bacteriological quality of the water also the presence of heterotrophic bacteria, coliform bacteria, and Pseudomonas was determined. Results showed that respectively 3% and 56% of the DUWLs in Quito and Caracas yielded NTM species (up to 1000 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL). Furthermore, high and unacceptable total viable counts of heterotrophic bacteria and/or coliform bacteria and Pseudomonas were detected in 73% of the samples. We conclude that, in both cities, the water in the majority of DUWLs was contaminated with NTM and other potential pathogens, presenting a risk to human health. The detection of NTM in DUWL water with acceptable heterotrophic bacteria counts shows the need to include NTM in water quality testing. Mycobacteria are more resistant to disinfection procedures than other types of vegetative bacteria, and most testing protocols for DUWLs do not assess mycobacteria and thus do not guarantee risk-free water.

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