scholarly journals Factors affecting the minimum detected activity of the GAMMAVISION software report protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (98) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
T. Vinokurova ◽  
Z. Malimon ◽  
V. Salata ◽  
T. Prokopenko ◽  
G. Kochetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Gamma Spectrometer ◽  
High Voltage Power Supply ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Amount Of Substance ◽  
Radionuclide Composition ◽  
Nuclide Activity ◽  
Channel Analyzer ◽  
The Given ◽  
Detection Unit

The article presents the results of a gamma- spectrometer study with a low- capacity scintillation (NaI(Tl)) detection unit, with software GammaVision v.8, adopted to solve certification problems, including for measuring activities close to zero. The list of factors influencing the presentation of the minimum detected activity (MDA) in the report protocol is analyzed software GammaVision v.8. To perform the measurements, the company´s ORTEC gamma-spectrometer with a low-capacity detection  unit a type digiBASE-RH, in which a high-voltage power supply unit, amplifier, digital multi-channel analyzer with USB-connection to a computer with the installed driver are installed, was used. The peak search in the library was performed using a compressed version of the library, which contains two nuclides 137Cs and 40K. Methods of calculating MDA are based on the intensity of accounts. Nuclide activity is calculation for all peaks in the library, the energy of which is in the selected energy ranges for analysis. Measurements and calculations MDA under the given conditions of research for five methods depending on time of measurement and geometry of measurements are carried out. It is shown that the level of MDA can be reduced by choosing the optimal conditions, time of measurement and geometry of measurements. Recommendations are given for the use of capacity for counting sample, which will reduce the amount of substance required for analysis and optimize the time spent on measuring the counting sample. In a prospect it is expedient to undertake a study of dependence of MDA from the physical properties and radionuclide composition of the substance for the counting sample and the dependence from the uncertainty in the equation MDA.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Hydrodistillation Process from Vietnamese Calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) Peels and GC/MS Analysis of Essential Oils Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2585-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngo Thi Cam Quyen ◽  
Tran Thi Kim Ngan ◽  
Tan Phat Dao ◽  
Phan Nguyen Quynh Anh ◽  
Ngo Quoc Anh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Primary Compound ◽  
Water Ratio

The essential oil of Citrus microcarpa peels was applied in many fields, and the methods to improve the efficiency of citrus exploitation were increasingly concerned. In this study, citrus essential oil was extracted from calamondin by hydrodistillation. This study was carried out to investigate the factors affecting the distillation of essential oils. The highest performance of the distillation process was 2.45 % with optimal conditions (material-water ratio of 1:3 g/mL, time of 2 h, the temperature of 120 ºC). Moreover, calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) peels oil extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The primary compound of calamondin essential oil include limonene 96.925 %, β-myrcene 1.424 %, 1R-α-pinene 0.561 %, cyclohexene 0.343 %, 1R-α-pinene 0.561 % and β-cubebene 0.598 %.

scholarly journals Model of the co-operative trade alliance for independent retail networks in Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-384
Author(s):  
Marek Záboj
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Trade Negotiation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Fast Moving Consumer Goods ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common Trade ◽  
The Given ◽  
Retail Formats ◽  
Transnational Trade

The main objective of the contribution is proposal of the model of co-operative trade alliance for independent trade alliances with fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in Czech Republic. Reason of the choice of this topic is sustain of variety of retail formats in Czech market in connection with position small and medium sized trade firms in comparison with transnational trade chains. Independent trade firms face to much bigger competitors operating supermarkets and hypermarkets, namely not even in size of sales area, width and depth of the assortment but also in possibility of negotiation of more profitable trade conditions with their suppliers. Effort of these independent trade firms, which operate mostly just in local or maximally regional market, is then mutual co-operation in form of consumer co-operatives, associations, alliances and networks. These groupings then mainly through common trade negotiation and purchase get for much more advantageous delivery and payment conditions from their suppliers. Besides they can participate in mutual financing of using of promotion instruments. Partial aim of the paper is investigation of opinion and willingness of Czech trade alliances with FMCG to utilize the opportunity of mutual co-operation in common trade alliance. Next partial goal is identification of the factors affecting formation of joint co-operative grouping and its structure, eventually definition of entry conditions which should be fulfilled by individual members.The system approach will be used to realize the given objective. This approach appears as the most suitable in consideration of anticipated structure and character of supposed model. The result will be then proposal of model of mutual co-operation between individual trade alliances.

INTENSIFICATION OF CLEANING OF DRAINS OF DAIRY INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.А. Марченко ◽  
Т.Н. Боковикова
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Model Solutions

Проведен анализ состава сточных вод предприятий молочной промышленности. Исследованы технические характеристики сорбционных материалов, способных восстановить состав ресурса до норм ПДК. Установлено, что применение двухстадийной очистки модельных растворов с использованием на 1й стадии процесса коагуляции, на 2й сорбции позволяет увеличить эффективность очистки до 92. Оценена сорбционная емкость сорбентов и проанализированы факторы, на нее влияющие. Подобраны оптимальные условия проведения процесса сорбции в зависимости от условий и характера объектов очистки. The analysis of the wastewater composition of the dairy industry was carried out. The technical characteristics of a number of sorption materials that can restore the composition of the resource to the MPC standards are investigated. It is shown that the use of twostage purification of model solutions using on the first stage of the coagulation process, on the second stage, the sorption process, allows increase the cleaning efficiency up to 92. The sorption capacity of sorbents was evaluated and the factors affecting it were analyzed, the optimal conditions for the sorption process were selected depending on the conditions and nature of the objects to be cleaned.

scholarly journals Determination of Critically Objects of Electric Power Systems from the Position of Energy Security

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 03009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Krupenev
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interconnected Power System ◽  
The Given

The paper deal the problem of definition and ranking of critical objects (CO) in electric power systems (EPS). The identification of the CO is necessary for the timely adoption of measures to organize the provision of the required level of energy security of the region where the object is location. The adequacy model is used for determine the critical objects of EPS, within the framework of which the simulation of the functioning of EPS during the given time interval is carried out, taking into account the main random factors affecting its operation. Approbation of the proposed approach is presented on the interconnected power system.

scholarly journals Oospore Production of Phytophthora infestans in Potato and Tomato Leaves

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Cohen ◽  
S. Farkash ◽  
Z. Reshit ◽  
A. Baider
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Fungal Host ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Oospore Formation ◽  
Initial Lesions

Fungal, host, and environmental factors affecting sexual reproduction of Phytophthora infestans in planta were studied. Intact and detached leaves were coinoculated with sporangia of various combinations of A1 and A2 mating-type isolates; leaves were incubated under various conditions, and oospore production was estimated microscopically within whole, clarified leaflets. Some A1 + A2 isolate combinations were more reproductive than others, whereas some potato genotypes better supported oospore formation than others. Tomato usually supported more oospore formation than potato. To induce oospore formation, A1 and A2 sporangia were usually mixed at a 1:1 ratio. Ratios of 1:19 to 19:1, however, also allowed abundant production of oospores. Optimal temperatures for sexual sporulation ranged from 8 to 15°C, but oospores also were produced at 23°C. Oogonia developed 5 to 6 days after sporangial coinoculation, and oospores developed after 8 to 10 days. Light had little effect on oospore formation in both tomato and potato leaves provided that initial lesions were established under photoperiodic conditions. Although A1 and A2 sporangia usually were mixed before inoculation on leaves to obtain oospores, we found that discrete A1 and A2 lesions produced on opposite sides of the midvein of tomato leaves also induced oospore formation in the midvein and adjacent tissues. Oospores also formed when the two halves of the leaves were cut and separated at 3 days after sporangial coinoculation, which corresponded with the appearance of late blight lesions. The continuous supply of moisture to infected leaves was essential to oospore production. No oospores or oogonia formed in severely diseased plants kept at 50 to 80% relative humidity. Such plants did allow some oospore formation when kept continuously wet for 2 weeks in plastic boxes or tents. Detached leaves floated on water supported the highest sexual sporulation. Under optimal conditions of wetness and temperature, as many as 100 oospores per mm2 of tissue were observed.

scholarly journals Liquidity Determinants of the Selected Banking Sectors and their Size Groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 971-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Laštůvková
Keyword(s):  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
Risk Measurement ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
The Given ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

The article focuses on the factors affecting the liquidity of selected bank sectors, as well as their size groups, using panel regression analysis. For higher complexity of the results, multiple dependent variables are used: liquidity creation, outflow and net change. The values are calculated based on the specific method of liquidity risk measurement – gross liquidity flows. The results indicate both multiple effects of some factors on the given variables, as well as isolated influence of factors on a single liquidity form or size group. Thus, when looking for determinants using just one form of liquidity, such as creation, the results need not necessarily comprehensively show the influence of the given factors, and can lead to erroneous conclusions. The results also point to the differing behaviours of the size groups and their different sensitivity on the factors; smaller banks have shown higher sensitivity on macroeconomic variables. Higher flexibility in regulation could lead to higher optimization.

scholarly journals USING AN ACTIVATED COPPER MICROELECTRODE FOR VOLTAMMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ALCOHOLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Martynov ◽  
T. V. Sitnikova ◽  
M. A. Lazov ◽  
I. Yu. Lovchinovsky ◽  
N. K. Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Analytical Signal ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Naoh Solution

A method for fabricating a copper microdisk electrode of an original design based on 50 μm diameter wire sealed in borosilicate glass is described. The electrochemical properties of the copper microelectrode were studied by the method of steady-state voltammetry in a 2 M NaOH solution in the potential range from -1.1 to 0.8 V (versus saturated Ag/AgCl-electrode). In order to improve the electrochemical response a method for two-stage electrode activation based on a copper dissolution / redeposition procedure followed by polarization in an alkaline medium is suggested. Morphological and physico-chemical changes on copper surface after activation were examined by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After this procedure, the electrode showed a heterogeneous morphology with coarse texture and high roughness parameters, and a layer of catalytically active Cu(III) species was formed on copper surface. The best results were achieved with an activation time of 60 s and a polarization potential of -0.3 V. The effectiveness of the activation procedure was tested during the chronoamperometric determination of methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol. Factors affecting the formation of the analytical signal of alcohols were studied, and optimal conditions of amperometric measurements were selected on their basis. Under optimal conditions, the metrological characteristics of the method were determined. The peak current response increases linearly with alcohols concentration over the range 0.01 - 0.45 M (0.04 - 3% v/v). The repeatability of the electrode response was evaluated as 3.8% (n = 10). The activated copper microelectrode was used for the determination of ethanol in pharmaceutical and other products.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll extraction from Egyptian Luffa leaf

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Cang H. Mai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Chlorophyll Extraction ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Activities

This study examined factors affecting on chlorophyll extraction from Egyptian Luffa leaf for using as food colorant. Optimal conditions for chlorophyll extraction were ethanol 96% for 97 minutes at 49oC and extraction speed at 123 rpm. The quality of extracts was investigated for microorganisms, heavy metals and antioxidant activity by using the DPPH (2-2-diphenyl-1- DPPH) method. The free radical scavenging activities of extract presented by the IC50 value was 261,7 μg/mL.

Main Physiological Factors Affecting the Germination of Annona muricata L. Seeds

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 464d-464
Author(s):  
German Corchuelo ◽  
Hector Villamil
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Old Trees

Dormancy and latency factors such as moisture content, temperature, growth regulators, and seed-coat affecting germination of the Annona muricata L., a tropical fruit, were studied. Three types of fruits were used with presence of stylar residues (medium and big size) and absent of stylar residues. The fruits were taken from 4-year-old trees, which were naturally pollinated. A complete randomized design was used for the study, with 50 seeds per experimental unit and four replications per treatment. The variables measured were days and percent of germination, and average germination velocity. The seed germination was affected by the moisture and oxygen content, because the structure of the seed and their high content of the lipid in there. The length of the germination period was determinated by the concentration of the exogen hormones applied, the temperature range, the kind of scarification used, the substrate utilized and the moisture content present during the assays. Highly significant differences were found among treatments. The optimal conditions for germination (97.5%) were: 30 °C of temperature, no scarification, sand as substrate, and 750 ppm of gibberellic acid. The average of days to germination was 24.5 days. No significant differences were found for the different kind of fruits used in this assay. The results showed that this species presented characteristics of recalcitrant seeds.

Functional model for the synthesis of nanostructures of the given quality level

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (107) ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Y.O. Suchikova ◽  
S.S. Kovachov ◽  
G.O. Shishkin ◽  
D.O. Pimenov ◽  
A.S. Lazarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Functional Modelling ◽  
Tunable Properties ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Given ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanostructures

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to develop a functional model for the synthesis of nanostructures of the given quality level, which will allow to effectively control the process of nanopatterning on the surface of semiconductors with tunable properties. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses the IDEF0 methodology, which focuses on the functional design of the system under study and describes all the necessary processes with an accuracy sufficient for an unambiguous modelling of the system's activity. Based on this methodology, we have developed a functional model for the synthesis of nanostructures of the given quality level and tested its effectiveness through practice. Findings: The paper introduces a functional model for the synthesis of nanostructures on the surface of the given quality level semiconductors and identifies the main factors affecting the quality of nanostructures as well as the mechanisms for controlling the formation of porous layers with tunable properties. Using the example of etching single-crystal indium phosphide electrochemically in a hydrochloric acid solution, we demonstrate that the application of the suggested model provides a means of forming nanostructures with tunable properties, assessing the quality level of the nanostructures obtained and bringing the parameters in line with the reference indicators at a qualitatively new level. Research limitations/implications: Functional modelling using the IDEF0 methodology is widely used when process control is required. In this study it has been applied to control the synthesis of nanostructures of the given quality level on the surface of semiconductors. However, these studies require continuation, namely, the establishment of correlations between the technological and resource factors of synthesis and the acquired properties of nanostructures. Practical implications: This study has a significant practical effect. Firstly, it shows that functional modelling can reduce the time required to form large batches of the given quality level nanostructures. This has made it possible to substantiate the choice of the initial semiconductor parameters and nanostructure synthesis modes in industrial production from the theoretical and empirical perspective. Secondly, the presented methodology can be applied to control the synthesis of other nanostructures with desired properties and to reduce the expenses required when resources are depleted and the cost of raw materials is high. Originality/value: This paper is the first to apply the IDEF0 methodology to control the given quality nanostructure synthesis. This paper will be of value to engineers who are engaged in the synthesis of nanostructures, to researchers and scientists as well as to students studying nanotechnology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document