scholarly journals Religion and State in the Perspective of Islamic Thought

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Relationship

The discourse on the relationship between religion and state in Islam has been going on for quite some time since the era of the companions of the Prophet, the scholars from the classical era to the contemporary era. The era of the Companions of the Prophet was represented by the Shia, Khawarij and Mu'tazilah groups who had different views on the relationship between religion and state. The classical era was represented by well-known scholars namely Farabi, Mawardi, Ghazali, Ibn Taymiyah and Ibn Khaldun who also had different perspectives on the relationship between religion and state. Likewise, contemporary Muslim scientists present many religious views on the relationship between religion and state. Therefore, this paper will portray how the views of the three groups, some classical and medieval scholars, to modern-day intellectuals about the relationship between the two historically and by using a comparative critical-analysis approach through the perspective of islamic thought.  

scholarly journals RELASI AGAMA DAN NEGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Edi Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Right ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

This paper examines religious and state relations of Islamic thought perspective. This study aims to describe how the relationship between religion and state in the view of Islam. The method used in obtaining data is descriptive method through literature study. The results of the study show that among Muslim figures or thinkers such as Nurcholish Madjid and Abdur Rahman Wahid agree that there is a constructive relationship between state and religion which by revivalists separates it. Some of the indicators are: (1) Islam gives the principles of the formation of a state with the concept of khalīfah ,dawlah, or hukūmah, (2) Islam emphasizes the democratic values of truth and justice, and (3) Islam upholds Human Rights by stating that the basic rights that human beings bring ever since they are born are the right of religious freedom. Therefore, Islam essentially emphasizes the importance of human rights to be upheld in a state, because human rights are rights that should not be disturbed and deprived from the person who has the right.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Religion and the State Between the Western Vision and the Islamic Vision in Its Asian Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Taha Abdel Aal Taha Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
The State ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The Public ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This study aimed at addressing the relationship between religion and state, by reviewing the evolution of that relationship in the western vision, beginning with the dominance of the Church in the medieval period, and the emergence of the theocratic state, then ideas of secularism, and the conflict between religion and state in the Frame of ideology, Then reviewing a regression in the thesis of the transition to secularism and the emergence of religious presence in the public sphere. On the other hand, the study dealt with the relationship between religion and state in the Islamic vision in its Asian Models. Where the study dealt with the model of the "Madina State" during the era of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), which is the Islamic model that spread in the Asian Peninsula, which was the basis of Sunni Islamic thought later. The study also dealt with the "Wilayat al-Faqih" model, which forms the basis of Shiite thought in Iran. The study relied on the descriptive approach that deals with the analysis and description of the phenomenon. This approach was used in this study to trace the development of the relationship between religion and state in the western vision and Islamic vision in its Asian models. The study concluded with some results. The most important of these was that: the Western vision to a certain extent passed with integration between religion and the state, as embodied in the model of the "Theocratic State" in the Medieval Period, where the church dominated all the political and social affairs of the state. The Western vision also to a certain extent passed with separation between the religion and the state, as embodied in the model of "secularism", where modernity was linked to the non-involvement of religion in politics, The Western vision also passed with the emergence of a regression in the thesis of the transition to secularism, as reflected in the model of "religious presence in the public sphere. Finally, the Islamic vision with its Asian Models witnessed the difficulty of full integration or separation between the religion and the state, as embodied in the model of the "Madina State" during the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and its thought which is followed by Sunni Islamic thought. And the Shiite "Wilayat al-Faqih" model, which was the origin of a religious mandate for political power, although it differs from the "Theocratic State" model completely.

scholarly journals Relasi Agama dan Negara Perspektif KH. A. Wahid Hasyim dan Relevansinya dengan Kondisi Sekarang

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-359
Author(s):  
Rijal Mumazziq Zionis
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Muslim Scholar ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: KH. A. Wahid Hasyim is a progressive and a dynamic Muslim thinker. As a Muslim scholar, he was consistent in his Islamic thought. At the same time, as a statesman, he put the unity of the nation above anything else. The struggle that is worth to be noted here is that although he offered Islam as the state principle by supporting the inclusion of the seven clauses of the Jakarta Charter, but he was willing to remove the seven clauses for the sake of securing unity and integrity of the nation. In Islamic political theory, he is classified as a substantive thinker who supported the symbiotic relationship between religion and state. Up to now, his thought remains relevant to be implemented in the context of the relationship between religion, nation, and state. It is not enough to justly read and examine KH.A. Wahid Hasyim’s thought, the most important thing is how to apply his idea in Islamic and Indonesia context. He advocated moderation (tawazun), tolerance (tasamuh), middle way (tawassuth), and fairness (i’tidal). These values should always be adopted since they are the inclusive and accommodative principles for the life of the nation. Thus, those principles are still relevant for present Indonesia.Keywords: KH. Wahid Hasyim, religion and state relationship, current condition Abstrak: KH. A. Wahid Hasyim merupakan pemikir progresif dan dinamis. Sebagai agamawan, ia konsisten dalam pemikiran keislaman. Sebagai negarawan, ia mengutamakan persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Pengorbanan yang layak dicatat adalah meskipun ia memperjuangkan Islam sebagai dasar negara dengan mendukung pencantuman tujuh anak kalimat dalam Piagam Jakarta, namun ia rela menghapus tujuh kata itu, demi mengutamakan persatuan dan keutuhan bangsa. Dalam khazanah keilmuan politik Islam, ia tergolong pemikir substansialis yang mendukung relasi agama dan negara dalam corak relasi simbiotik. Hingga kini, pemikiran puluhan tahun lalu itu tetap relevan diimplementasikan dalam konteks beragama, berbangsa dan bernegara. Tak cukup hanya membaca dan mengkaji pemikiran KH.A. Wahid Hasyim, yang lebih penting adalah mengaplikasikan gagasan-gagasan KH.A.Wahid Hasyim dalam konteks keislaman dan keindonesiaan. Sikap dan pandangan moderat (tawazun), toleran (tasamuh), mengambil jalan tengah (tawassuth), dan bersikap adil (i’tidal), yang dianut merupakan pilihan tepat yang inklusif dan akomodatif dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Dengan demikian, sikap dan pendangannya masih relevan untuk diimplementasikan dalam kondisi sekarang. Pribadi, jejak langkah dan perjuangan KH.A. Wahid Hasyim, sebagai tokoh besar, layak untuk diteladani.Kata Kunci: KH. Wahid Hasyim, relasi agama dan negara, relevansi dengan kondisi sekarang

A Religious State (A Study of Hasyim Asyari and Muhammad Iqbal's Thought on the Relation of Religion, State and Nationalism)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Arik Dwijayanto ◽  
Yusmicha Ulya Afif
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diverse Cultures

<p><em>This article explores the concept of a religious state proposed by two Muslim leaders: Hasyim Asyari (1871-1947), an Indonesian Muslim leader and Muhammad Iqbal (1873-1938), an Indian Muslim leader. Both of them represented the early generation when the emerging revolution for the independence of Indonesia (1945) from the Dutch colonialism and India-Pakistan (1947) from the British Imperialism. In doing so, they argued that the religious state is compatible with the plural nation that has diverse cultures, faiths, and ethnicities. They also argued that Islam as religion should involve the establishment of a nation-state. But under certain circumstances, they changed their thinking. Hasyim changed his thought that Islam in Indonesia should not be dominated by a single religion and state ideology. Hasyim regarded religiosity in Indonesia as vital in nation-building within a multi-religious society. While Iqbal changed from Indian loyalist to Islamist loyalist after he studied and lived in the West. The desire of Iqbal to establish the own state for the Indian Muslims separated from Hindus was first promulgated in 1930 when he was a President of the Muslim League. Iqbal expressed the hope of seeing Punjab, the North West province, Sind and Balukhistan being one in a single state, having self-government outside the British empire. In particular, the two Muslim leaders used religious legitimacy to establish political identity. By using historical approach (intellectual history), the relationship between religion, state, and nationalism based on the thinking of the two Muslim leaders can be concluded that Hasyim Asyari more prioritizes Islam as the ethical value to build state ideology and nationalism otherwise Muhammad Iqbal tends to make Islam as the main principle in establishment of state ideology and nationalism.</em></p><em>Keywords: Hasyim Asyari, Muhammad Iqbal, religion, state, nationalism.</em>

سؤال العلاقة بين الفطرة والشريعة: قراءة معرفية (The Question of the Relationship between Shariah and Human Nature/fitrah: An Epistemological Review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
المختار الأحمر
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Interconnected Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Aspect ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
Shed Light

الملخّص يتناول البحث علاقة الفطرة بالشريعة في التفكير الإسلامي، وما تطرحه هذه العلاقة سواء على مستوى بيان الجوانب المتعلقة بخَلْق الإنسان وما فُطِر عليه ابتداء، وهذا البعد يمثّل الجانب التكوني في مفهوم الفطرة، أو على المستوى المتعلق بالشريعة وفطريتها، أي أنها جارية وفق ما يدركه العقل وتشهد به الفطرة، وهذا البعد يمثّل الجانب التشريعي الذي يطرحه مفهوم الفطرة. لقد زخرت أغلب الكتابات بتناول جانبا واحدا مما يتيحه أو يعكسه مفهوم الفطرة، لكن البحث في العلاقة التناسبية بين الفطرة والشريعة، وما يتيحه هذا النظر المتلازم بين المفهومين على مستوى الإمكانات المتعلقة بقدرات الإنسان الفطرية في فهم وتعقّل الخطاب الشرعي والأحكام التكليفية، والوقوف على غاياته ومقاصده، يبقى في حاجة إلى البحث والاستقصاء. ولذلك تأتي هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء على الجانب التشريعي والتكويني في علاقة الشريعة بالفطرة، باعتبارهما نظامين متلازمين يتيحان فهم طبيعة الشريعة وأحكامها ومقاصدها من جهة، وتحديد جوهر وماهية الإنسان الفطرية وإمكاناته في تعقّل هذه الشريعة من جهة ثانية.                  الكلمات المفتاحية: الفطرة، الشريعة، الدين، التكاليف، العقل. Abstract This research addresses the relationship between premordial human nature (fitrah) and Islamic law (SharÊÑah) within the frame of Islamic thought, while exploring the questions it raises at two levels. The first level explains the aspects related to the creation of man and what has initially been bestowed upon him, which represents the evolutionary aspect of the concept of fiÏrah. The second level is related to SharÊÑah and its nature, which evolves according to what is percieved by reason and witnessed by fiÏrah; this represents the legislative aspect presented by the concept of fiÏrah. The majority of studies to date address a single aspect of the illustrations of the concept of fiÏrah. However, research on the dialectic relationship between fiÏrah and SharÊÑah and what its relevant concurrent view provides at the level of potentials related to human innate capacities in understanding and realizing SharÊÑah discourse and mandatory provisions as well as understanding its objectives  remains scarce and requires further research and investigation. Therefore, this study intends to shed light on the legislative and evolutionary aspects of the relationship between SharÊÑah and fiÏrah as two interconnected systems that allow for the understanding of the nature of SharÊÑah, its provisions and purposes, as well as identifying the essence of human innate nature and its potential in perceiving SharÊÑah. Keywords: human nature (fiÏrah), Islamic law (SharÊÑah), religious mandates (TakÉlif), religion, intellect (ÑAqal).

أوهام القراءة الحداثية المعاصرة: دراسة تحليلية نقدية (Misunderstandings of Modern Contemporary Reading: A Critical Analysis )

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-299
Author(s):  
حنان ساري ◽  
محمد أبو الليث الخيرآبادي
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Muslim Scholars

انتشرت لفظة الحداثة في عصرنا الحالي انتشاراً واسعاً، وأخذت مفهومات متعددة، ونحن لا نراها أكثر من أنها امتداد طبيعي للقلق الأوروبي.وسعى التيار الحداثي لتقديم مشاريع تعتمد كلية على مناهج وآليات غربية في دراستها وتعاملها مع القرآن الكريم والسنة، ولعل أهم الذين تقدموا بتلك المشاريع؛ محمد أركون، عبد المجيد الشرفي التونسي، محمد عابد الجابري، حسن حنفي، نصر حامد أبوزيد، الطيب التيزني السوري، محمد شحرور، جمال البنا وغيرهم، وطالبوا بإعادة قراءة القرآن الكريم على ضوء المناهج النقدية الغربية في عملية التقليد الأعمى، ومن ثم نقلوا التجربة الأوروبية بكل آثارها الفوضوية إلى ساحة الفكر الإسلامي. وإن مدعي تجديد الدين من هؤلاء، ليس لهم صلة بالدين أو علومه، بقدر ما تشبعت أفكارهم بمناهج علمانية، فالمراد من جهودهم ليس الدين، وإنما غرس الحداثة بدل الدين، فهي خطَّةٌ تقوم على التَّغيير من داخل البيت الإسلاميِّ من خلال العبث بالنُّصوص الشَّرعيَّة بتحريفها وتفريغها من محتواها الحقيقيِّ، ووضع المحتوى الذي يريدون؛ فهم يَطرحون أفكارَهم وآراءَهم على أنَّها رؤى إسلاميَّة ناشئة عن الاجتهاد في فهم الدِّين. وقد حَمَلَ هذا الاتجاهُ شعار (التَّحديث والعصرنة للإسلام)؛ فهم يريدون منَّا تركَ ما أَجْمَعَتْ عليه الأُمَّةُ من معاني القرآن والسُّنَّة، لفهم جديد مغاير لفهم السَّلَف الصَّالح يكون متناسبًا مع هذا العصر الذي نعيش فيه. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الحداثة، أوهام، الحداثيون، قراءة معاصرة، العصرنة للإسلام. Abstract In modern times, the word Modernity has spread widely and has become widely understood, and we see it as a natural extension of European concern and confusion. The Modernist Movement strived to present the ideas that rely completely on Western methodologies and approaches in their study and dealing with Qur’an and Sunnah. The most important scholars that have presented these ideas are; Mohammad Arkoun, ‘Abd Al-Majid Sharafi al-Tunisi, Mohammed ‘Abed al-Jabri, Hassan Hanafi, Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, Tayyeb Tizini, Muhammad Shahrour, Jamal Al-Banna, and others, they called for a re-reading and reinterpret the Qur’an in the light of Western critical approaches. Then, conveyed and brought the European experience and practice with all its chaotic effects to Islamic thought. The slogan of “Renewal of Religion” from these people has no relation to religion (Islam) or its sources, but instead saturated their ideas with secular methods. They tried to instill modernity rather than religion, and misinterpreted the Islamic sources by distorting it and evacuating it from the true context and setting it with their own understanding. They claim their ideas and opinions as the effort to understand religion and carried the slogan of “Modernization and Modernization of Islam”; they want us to leave the consensus of the Muslim scholars on religious issues (Ijmaa’ al-Ummah) especially relating to the meaning of the Qur’an and Sunnah and bring us to a new views and understanding on religious issues which are contradictory to the views of the past Muslim scholars (al-salaf al-soleh) to fulfill their opinions. Keywords: Modernity, Misunderstanding, Modernists, Contemporary Reading, Modernization of Islam.

PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. ASTRA HONDA MOTOR DI CIKAMPEK

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuridin, SE., MM Nuridin ◽  
Winda Lia Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Explanatory Analysis ◽  
Leadership Motivation ◽  
Saturated Sample ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine how the relationship and influence of leadership and motivation to employees performance at PT. Astra Honda Motor. The research method was used with Explanatory Analysis approach that explains the causality relationship between variables. Sampling technique was using saturated sample, all members of the population were sampled. From this research result was found there is a relationship and influence which is significant between the variables of leadership motivation to employee performance at PT. Astra Honda Motor among variables by using the test F, where F count larger than F table (32.173 > 3.158). Conclusion: There is a significant effect that can be explained by the result obtained from the R-square is 0530, which means that the variables of leadership and motivation are giving contribution of 53.0% to the variable of employees performance at PT. Astra Honda Motor, while the remaining 47.0% was contributed by other variables which not researched. Suggestions which the author convey to company, leadership which was contained in the company would need to be more increased, considers motivation of employees was good enough.

Health and Medicine in the Islamic Tradition

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Dennis Michael Warren
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The late Dr. Fazlur Rahman, Harold H. Swift Distinguished Service Professor of Islamic Thought at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, has written this book as number seven in the series on Health/Medicine and the Faith Traditions. This series has been sponsored as an interfaith program by The Park Ridge Center, an Institute for the study of health, faith, and ethics. Professor Rahman has stated that his study is "an attempt to portray the relationship of Islam as a system of faith and as a tradition to human health and health care: What value does Islam attach to human well-being-spiritual, mental, and physical-and what inspiration has it given Muslims to realize that value?" (xiii). Although he makes it quite clear that he has not attempted to write a history of medicine in Islam, readers will find considerable depth in his treatment of the historical development of medicine under the influence of Islamic traditions. The book begins with a general historical introduction to Islam, meant primarily for readers with limited background and understanding of Islam. Following the introduction are six chapters devoted to the concepts of wellness and illness in Islamic thought, the religious valuation of medicine in Islam, an overview of Prophetic Medicine, Islamic approaches to medical care and medical ethics, and the relationship of the concepts of birth, contraception, abortion, sexuality, and death to well-being in Islamic culture. The basis for Dr. Rahman's study rests on the explication of the concepts of well-being, illness, suffering, and destiny in the Islamic worldview. He describes Islam as a system of faith with strong traditions linking that faith with concepts of human health and systems for providing health care. He explains the value which Islam attaches to human spiritual, mental, and physical well-being. Aspects of spiritual medicine in the Islamic tradition are explained. The dietary Jaws and other orthodox restrictions are described as part of Prophetic Medicine. The religious valuation of medicine based on the Hadith is compared and contrasted with that found in the scientific medical tradition. The history of institutionalized medical care in the Islamic World is traced to awqaf, pious endowments used to support health services, hospices, mosques, and educational institutions. Dr. Rahman then describes the ...

Khomeini’s Concept of Wilâyat Al-Faqîh and Its Influence on the Contemporary Indonesian Islamic Thought

TAJDID ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Hasan Bisri
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scholarly Discussion ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
State Relations

The concept of wilâyat al-faqîh from Imam Khomeini was one of the products of Islamic thought. It has revive discourse on Islamic studies in various parts of the Islamic world. It is not only become a threat to the status quo of the Muslim rulers, in fact it has been raising the academic and scholarly discussion in the forums of national, regional, and international levels. The influence of  the concept of wilâyat al-faqîh from Imam Khomeini to contemporary Islamic thought in Indonesia looked on discourse about the relation between religion and state. Indeed, the debate on religion-state relations have long occurred in Indonesia, but in academic discourse becomes increasingly crowded since the concept of wilâyat al-faqîh serve as the basis for the establishment of the Islamic State of Iran by Imam Khomeini. Effect the concept of wilâyat al-faqîh in contemporary Indonesian Islamic thought encouraged by the publication of books by/about Imam Khoemini and about Shia in general and the development of Shi'i institutions in Indonesia.

Seinsbegegnung

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-274
Author(s):  
Katrin Felgenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Epistemic Relation ◽  
Ontological Question ◽  
Realist Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Realist Ontology

AbstractThe contemporary realist turn in philosophy can be seen as a reaction to a merely constructivist understanding of being. The formulation of a realist ontology was already the central concern of Nicolai Hartmann’s philosophy. Hartmann argues that in order to pose the ontological question critically, a realist analysis of the cognitive relation must precede posing the question of being. From the critical analysis, it follows that the cognitive relation is embedded in the relationship of being. Thus, the epistemic relation becomes understandable in the sense of beings encountering and touching one another. In this respect, some proponents of the contemporary realist turn emphasize that there is a philosophically relevant experience of being that can be understood as resistance. Beyond this statement, Hartmann’s analysis of the encounter with being is able to take into account the fact that different kinds of being touch us differently.

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