scholarly journals The Effect of Mercury Exposure to Escherichia Coli Bacteria Resistant to Mercury and Escerichia Coli Esbl in Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Diah Retno Kusumawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Coli Isolate ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
Mercury Detoxification ◽  
Very High

Background: The level of pollution in Indonesia is still very high, consist of water pollution, air pollution and soil pollution. Mercury is one of the heavy metals that pollutes the waters of the sea, while Escherichia coli is exposed to mercury will try to defend itself by doing mercury detoxification so that it can live in an environment that contains mercury. Escherichia coli that tries to defend itself from mercury exposure in the environment will experience a change in its genes into mercury resistant Escherichia coli. In plasmids or transposons, it might also stimulate the formation of resistance genes for some antibiotics, include producing the ESBL enzyme, so that it can convert non ESBL Escherichia coli into ESBL Escherichia coli. Objective: This study aims to prove that the repeated exposure of mercury will change non ESBL-mercury sensitive Escherichia coli into ESBL- mercury resistant Escherichia coli. Method: This was an experimental study with 27 non-ESBL Escherichia coli isolates as identified from Phoenix. Non-ESBL Escherichia coli clinical isolates were tested by giving exposure to HgCl2 with concentrations of 0.02 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.20 ppm for 1-14 days until mercury resistant Escherichia coli was formed, and then ESBL screening was tested by giving Cefotaxime exposure to them. Results:  On the first day of mercury exposure, there were 9 isolates of 0.02 ppm HgCl2 resistant Escherichia coli, 9 isolates of 0.10 ppm HgCl2 resistant Escherichia coli, 9 isolates of 0.20 ppm HgCl2 resistant Escherichia coli. Furthermore, this Escherichia coli isolate was exposed to Cefotaxim as ESBL screening. The final results of post-exposure HgCl2 0.02 ppm was obtained 3 (33.3%) isolates were still sensitive to Cefotaxime and 6 (66.7%) isolates that were resistant to Cefotaxime. The final results of post-exposure HgCl2 0.10 ppm was obtained all 9 (100%) isolates that were resistant to Cefotaxime. The final results of post-exposure HgCl2 0.20 ppm obtained 2 (22.2%) isolates were still sensitive to Cefotaxime and 7 (77.8%) isolate were resistant to Cefotaxime. Conclusion: Escherichia coli in urine had the phenotive change into mercury resistant Escherichia coli. Mercury exposure of 0.02 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.20 ppm for 1 day in vitro on isolates of non ESBL-mercury resistant Escherichia coli caused changes in 22 isolates of Escherichia coli in urine

Expression of bacterial Rubisco genes in Escherichia coli

1986 ◽  
Vol 313 (1162) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rhodospirillum Rubrum ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Very High

The structural genes for three forms of Rubisco have been isolated from bacteria and introduced into various plasmids. Apart from details of the sequences which have been obtained from these constructs, they are now being exploited for mutagenesis to determine the identity and specific function of the individual amino acid residues that compose the active site. These methods have been applied to a plasmid that contains the structural gene for the simplest form of Rubisco from Rhodospirillum rubrum to obtain mutant enzymes with altered activity. The construct pRR2119 is also expressed to very high levels in Escherichia coli and enough recombinant protein of both the wild-type and m utant enzymes can be obtained for detailed physico-chemical studies. Other vectors have now been constructed, containing the genes of prokaryotic Rubisco that assemble into an active form I enzyme. The levels of expression are acceptable and the product is similar to the authentic enzyme. These constructs are now being used for mutagenesis in vitro to attempt to alter the relative rates of the oxygenase and carboxylase activities.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF RHINACANTHUS NASUTUS (L) KURZ AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI BACTERIA USING IN VITRO METHOD

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
SUNARTI M.BIOMED ◽  
DEBORA PANINSARI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Objective: The objective of this study was to discover of the ethanolic extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L) Kurz in inhibiting Escherichia coli bacteria using an in vitro method. Methods: This is an experimental study using a laboratory test with Kirby-Bauer or paper disc method by observing and measuring the inhibition zone of the ethanolic extract of R. nasutus against E. coli bacteria with extract concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 60% consisting of control groups and treatment group. The positive control group used chloramphenicol antibiotics and negative control groups used Aquadest. E. coli was incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Then, the plates were incubated for 24 h at 37°C and the diameter of the inhibition zone was observed until the 3rd day with three repetitions. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean inhibition zone of E. coli bacteria was 10.93 mm, 12.09 mm, and 18.90 mm. The results of the Shapiro–Wilk test were p=0.199. The results of the one-way analysis of variance test were p<0.05 and that of the post hoc test indicated a significant value of p<0.05. Based on the results of the research, there were significant differences in the inhibition zone between the control group and the treatment group at a concentration of 15%, 30%, and 60%. Conclusion: R. nasutus extract was effective to inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria at concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 60%, so R. nasutus is effective as an antimicrobial.

Mitomycin C-Activity Effected by Vitamins B1, C, E and β-Carotene under Irradiation with γ-Rays

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Heinrich ◽  
Nikola Getoff
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Strong Decrease ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
Β Carotene

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) can essentially effect the activity of mitomycin C (MMC), added individually or in combination with antioxidant vitamins (C, E-acetate, β-carotene) as found in experiments in vitro (Escherichia coli bacteria, AB 1157) under irradiation with γ-rays. The environment plays a crucial role. In airfree media vitamin B1 leads to a 2-fold increase of the MMC-efficiency, but adding vitamin C it decreases. In the presence of all vitamins (B1, C, E-ac., and β-carotene) the MMC-action increases about 1.8-fold. In aerated media vitamin B1 causes an about 4-times increase of the MMC-efficiency, but by adding vitamin B1 and C the MMC-activity decreases by a factor of two, whereas in the presence of B1, C, E-ac., and β-carotene it rises again to 2.6-fold. In environment saturated with N2O (conversion of e-aq into OH radicals) a different picture is observed. The presence of vitamin B1 or vitamin B1 + C causes a strong decrease of the MMC-efficiency, but the addition of all vitamins (B1, C, E-ac., and β-car.) leads to a small increase of the cytostatic action. The results demonstrate the influence of vitamin B1 used individually or in combination with other antioxidants on the MMC-efficiency and the strong effect of the environment. The results are of interest for the application of MMC in radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Combination of Propolis Extract (Trigona Sp) and Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) as Alternative Antibiotics against Escherichia Coli In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid Jamaluddin ◽  
Muhammad F. Mursalim ◽  
Andi M. S. Apada
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Escherichia coli is a gram negative bacterium which is a normal flora in the digestive tract. In birds, this bacterium causes a disease known as colibasillosis. Antibiotics are generally used, but excessive use will cause residues and antibiotic resistance. To avoid resistance or residue, an alternative treatment is needed. The combination of propolis and ginger extract is very promising to develop because both have a synergistic effect as antimicrobials. The research aims to determine the effect of the combination extract on Escherichia coli bacteria in vitro. We used 8 groups which contain combinations of propolis and ginger extract. We used amoxicillin disk as a positive control, 1% Na CMC as a negative control. The results showed a combination of ginger and propolis extract showed good inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli in all groups> 6mm., and the highest inhibitory activity was K3 (5% propolis combination and 15% ginger extract) with 8.7 mm. The combination of propolis and ginger extract has the potential to be used as an alternative antibiotic to prevent antibiotic resistance from synthetic antibiotics.Keywords: alternative antibiotics, combination extracts, Escherichia coli, ginger, in vitro, propolis

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAH SAWO, BAWANG PUTIH, DAUN ANDONG, DAN BUAH PARE TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Susiwati Susiwati
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

This research aims to determine the inhibition of sapodilla fruit, garlic, andong leaves and pare fruit toward the growth of escherichia coli bacteria. Antimicroba test used paper disc diffusion was in-vitro test. Sapodilla fruit, garlic, andong leaves and pare fruit were extracted by using maceration process. The extracts were tested on the growth of E- coli bacteria.  The highest inhibition zone (6,7mm) was found in andong leaves extract. The highest inhibition zone was 8.3 mm, whereas the inhibition of pare fruit did not not provide the inhibitory zone. It can be concluded that garlic extract, sapodolla extract and decoction of andong leaves have highly inhibitory in vitro. Based on stastistical analysis, there was Significant difference betwen the effectiveness of garlic extract with a decoction of andong leaves but the effectivess of garlic extract with sapodilla extract was not meaningful. Whereas pare fruit did not give any inhibition zones. From the result of this research, the society can be encouraged to consume andong leaves or sapodilla fruit to treat diarrhea. In addition, garlic spices and pare fruit also can be used to overcome diarrhea, which is caused by the bacterium E. coli.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI KOMBINASI HPMC DAN CARBOPOL DALAM FORMULA SEDIAAN GEL HAND SANITIZER EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
Christe Mareta Ardika Sari ◽  
◽  
Disa Andriani ◽  
Didik Wahyudi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) have antibacterial activity because they contain terpenoid, karpain and flavonoid compounds. Flavonoids have OH groups that can damage bacterial cell walls. The dry powder of papaya seeds was extracted by maceration method using 80% ethanol. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal combination of HPMC and carbopol concentrations in the hand sanitizer gel of papaya seed ethanol extract which can influence the in vitro inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria. The data analysis used in this study was one way ANOVA and then continued with the Post Hoc Tests. The results of the study obtained a yield of 6.933%. The optimum formula obtained is RUN 8 with a concentration of HPMC: Carbopol (0.25gram: 0.75gram). The results of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria obtained an average of 44.25 mm from the two samples. The statistical results obtained stated that there was no significant difference between the concentration of A and ciprofloxacin as a positive control.

A Novel Binary Biofilm Coinfection Model for the Simultaneous Growth of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. I. Al-Adham ◽  
Sehar Wani ◽  
Elham Al-Kaissi ◽  
Phillip J. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
And Control

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine if it is possible to establish and maintain a binary biofilm consisting of Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, which could be used as a multi-species model for antibiotic action studies. Materials and Methods: A medium controlled, continuous culture biofilm model was developed based upon the previously developed Sorbarod™ model. This new model was designed to enable the growth of B. subtilis and E. coli at the same time without either out-competing the other. Results: A pseudo-steady-state binary biofilm was established, which could be maintained for a total of 53 hours. This biofilm was tested to confirm the ability of the biofilm model to support the growth of a Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and a Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial species under the same conditions of media throughput, aeration and temperature. Conclusions: This paper gives evidence of the ability to develop and control binary biofilm models to maintain the growth of two Gram-dissimilar species of bacteria. We believe this is a novel concept and will aid the future in vitro assessment of antibiotic activity in coinfection models.

scholarly journals In VitroAntimicrobial and Antiprotozoal Activities, Phytochemical Screening and Heavy Metals Toxicity of Different Parts ofBallota nigra

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najeeb Ullah ◽  
Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
Sultan Ayaz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Heavy Metals Toxicity ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Different Parts

The study was done to assess the phytochemicals (flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannin, alkaloids, and phenol) in different parts (root, stem, and leaves) ofBallota nigraand correlated it to inhibition of microbes (bacteria and fungi), protozoan (Leishmania), and heavy metals toxicity evaluation. In root and stem flavonoids, terpenes and phenols were present in ethanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate soluble fraction; these were found to be the most active inhibiting fractions against all the tested strains of bacteria, fungi, and leishmania. While in leaves flavonoids, terpenes, and phenols were present in ethanol, chloroform, andn-butanol fractions which were the most active fractions against both types of microbes and protozoan (leishmania) inin vitrostudy. Ethanol and chloroform fractions show maximum inhibition againstEscherichia coli(17 mm). The phytochemical and biological screenings were correlated with the presence of heavy metals in selected plantBallota nigra.Cr was found above permissible value (above 1.5 mg/kg) in all parts of the plant. Ni was above WHO limit inB. nigraroot and leaves (3.35 ± 1.20 mg/kg and 5.09 ± 0.47 mg/kg, respectively). Fe was above permissible value in all parts ofB. nigra(above 20 mg/kg). Cd was above permissible value in all parts of the plant (above 0.3 mg/kg). Pb was above WHO limit (above 2 mg/kg) in all parts ofBallota nigra.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Phagocytic Ability of Mouse B-1 Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. III.S6156 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Novaes E Brito ◽  
BA Cortez ◽  
GM Machado-Santelli ◽  
P Xander ◽  
BH De Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Phagocytic Ability ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
Pathogen Clearance

B-1 cells are a peculiar subpopulation of B cells found in the peritoneal and pleural cavities in mice. These cells are typically IgM+ and CD11b+. B-1 cells are able to migrate from the peritoneal cavity to non-specific inflammatory sites in mice. In addition, they can differentiate into mononuclear phagocyte-like cells in vitro; however, it is still unknown whether B-1 cells are capable of performing phagocytosis in vivo. Here we further characterized B-1 cells as phagocytes in vitro, and we investigated their ability to phagocytose apoptotic cells and bacteria in vivo. Our results demonstrate that B-1 phagocytes are able to uptake apoptotic thymocytes and Escherichia coli bacteria, both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that along with macrophages, B-1 phagocytic cells might play a role in fundamental processes such as tissue remodeling, resolution of inflammation and pathogen clearance.

scholarly journals Bioaktivity Test Crude Fruit of Citrus Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) on Bacteria Escherichia coli in Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldino Ramadhianto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

The antimicrobial activity of citrus fruit crude (Citrus aurantifolia) was proven in this experiment  with  different  concentration  treatments.  The  purpose  of  this  study  was  to determine the antibacterial power of citrus fruit crude against Escherichia coli bacteria tested in vitro. This research uses experimental method with laboratory test for citrus fruit crude using Kirby-baurier of suspectibility test method, with data obtained by using statistical test of Analysis of Varian (Anova) with complete randomized data retrieval. The results showed that of citrus fruit crude has antibacterial power to the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. At concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% formed inhibit zone with an average diameter of 12.6 mm, 15.4 mm, 16.6 mm, 17.3 mm. So, the higher the concentration of citrus fruit crude the better of inhibitory power

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