Ectoparasites of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Kurigram district of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAA Mamun ◽  
N Begum ◽  
HM Shahadat ◽  
MMH Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Haemaphysalis Bispinosa ◽  
Parasitic Burden ◽  
The Common ◽  
Age And Sex

Epidemiology of ectoparasites of buffaloes was studied in Kurigram district of Bangladesh from November, 2007 to October, 2008. A total of 236 buffaloes were examined, among them 61.86% were found infested with one or more species of ectoparasites. Three species of ectoparasites were identified of which, two species were arachnids, namely, Boophilus microplus (13.98%), Haemaphysalis bispinosa (11.44%) and one species was insect, namely, Haematopinus tuberculatus (51.27%). No mites were detected. Among the ectoparasites, mixed infection was common. In this investigation, prevalence of ectoparasites in relation to age, sex and seasonal dynamics were also studied. Ectoparasitic prevalence was higher (p<0.01) in winter season (80.00%) followed by summer (50.68%) and rainy (39.62%) seasons. Significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of ectoparasites were recorded in female animals (85.71%) than in males (56.70%). In the age groups, buffalo calves aged 0.5-2 years (73.68%) were mostly susceptible (p<0.01) to ectoparasites than young aged > 2-5 years (70.73%) and adult animals aged >5 years (58.52%). Overall mean ectoparasitic burden was 2.31±1.31 per square inch of heavily infested area. The highest parasitic burden was recorded in case of H. tuberculatus (3.49±2.29) followed by B. microplus (1.85±0.94) and H. bispinosa (1.59±0.69). It is concluded that, ectoparasites are the common threat to Buffalo rearing in Kurigram district of Bangladesh irrespective of age and sex of the buffaloes and seasons of the year.Keywords: Ectoparasites; Epidemiology; Buffalo; Kurigram districtDOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6400J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 61–66, 2010

scholarly journals Host Determinant Based Prevalence of Ticks and Lice in Cattle (Bos indicus) at Bogra District of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Bilkis ◽  
MMH Mondal ◽  
Sa Rony ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
N Begum
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Host Determinants ◽  
Haemaphysalis Bispinosa ◽  
Parasitic Burden ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Four Square

A cross section survey was carried out during the period from April to September, 2009 in different villages of Bogra district in Bangladesh to know the prevalence of ticks and lice in relation to age, sex, breed and body condition of cattle.  Out of 250 randomly selected cattle, 142 (56.8%) were found infested with one or more species of ticks and lice.  Among ticks, the prevalence rate was highest in case of Haemaphysalis bispinosa (31.2%) followed by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (29.2%), Boophilus microplus (27.2%) and only one species of louse Haematopinus eurysternus (23.2%). The range of parasitic burden was 1 to 16 per four square inch of heavily infested area of affected cattle. Mean parasitic burden was high in case of Haematopinus eurysternus (4.71 ± 0.35) followed by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (4.56 ± 0.29), Boophilus microplus (4.25±0.15) and Haemaphyalis bispinosa (2.85 ± 0.17). Results indicated that prevalence was significantly (P<0.01) higher in young cattle aged >1-3 years (68.0%) than calves aged ?1 year age (46.15%) and adults aged >3 years (45.2%). Infestation of tick and lice was significantly higher (P<0.05) in female (64.63%) than the male (41.86%). Infestation was more prevalent in local (72.32%) breed than the crossbred (44.2%) cattle. Cattle with poor body condition were found to be significantly (P<0.01) more vulnerable to such parasitic infestation than of cattle having normal body condition. It is concluded that tick and lice prevalence is alarming and threatening to the cattle population and host determinants play a vital role in the frequent occurrence of these ectoparasites in the study area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16468 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 65-73, 2011

scholarly journals An international comparison of age and sex dependency of COVID-19 Deaths in 2020 - a descriptive analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bauer ◽  
Jonas Brugger ◽  
Franz König ◽  
Martin Posch
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sex Dependency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryCOVID-19 mortality, the number of reported COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 persons observed so far, is described in 15 European countries and the USA depending on age groups and sex for the full year 2020. It is contrasted to the corresponding historic all-cause mortality per year depending on age and sex observed in these countries. Although there are substantial differences in the age and sex dependency of COVID-19 mortality between countries, there are some common features: Exponential increase with age is a good model to describe and analyse both COVID-19 and all-cause mortality above an age of 40 years, where almost all COVID-19 death occur. Age dependency is stronger for COVID-19 mortality than for all-cause mortality, males have an excess risk compared to women which flattens off with increasing age. Also with regard to calendar time, there were differences in the age and sex dependency between countries with the common tendency that male excess risk of COVID-19 mortality was smaller in the second half of the year.

scholarly journals Is there any relationship of age & sex to the etiology and outcome of medical coma?

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Nadeem ◽  
Khadija Irfan ◽  
Kh A Irfan Waheed ◽  
Tariq Waseein
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Hepatic Coma ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Causal Distribution ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Age And Sex

As the diseases behave differently in males and females and even in different age groups, particular attention was made to classify and observe the distribution of various causes of coma according to age and sex of the patient in order to formulate our indigenous database for future reference. We studied the coma etiology with particular reference to the age and sex of the patient, and the outcome. All the 517 (312 male {60.35%} and 205 female {39.65%}) patients were divided into 7 groups according to decades from age 12 to 80 years. Patients older than 40 years predominated (318 {61.5%}). Metabolic coma was predominant cause in almost all age groups. Structural coma was increasing progressively with the age. Poisonings were the common cause in patients under 30, representing 35.85% of all comas in the age group 12-20, and 33.70% in the group from 21-30 years. In the next two decades (31-50 years), hepatic and renal failure predominated making up more than half of all causes. Leading causes among males we re poisonings (69 cases), hemorrhagic CVA (48 cases), ischemic CVA (24 cases), renal failure (28 cases) and hepatic coma (35 cases). Similarly among females causal distribution revealed renal failure (34 cases), followed by hepatic coma (29 cases), and hemorrhagic CVA (26 cases). Out of the 476 (92%) patients whose outcome could be determined 297 (57.4%) were discharged after recovery and 179 (34.6%) died. Eighty out of 205 female patients died (39%), while 99 out of 312 males had a fatal outcome (31.7%). We conclude that coma etiology has a significant effect on prognosis, while such significance could not be assigned to age or sex.

scholarly journals An international comparison of age and sex dependency of COVID-19 deaths in 2020: a descriptive analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bauer ◽  
Jonas Brugger ◽  
Franz König ◽  
Martin Posch
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sex Dependency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThe number of reported coronavirus disease (COVID-19) deaths per 100,000 persons observed so far in 2020 is described in 15 European countries and the USA as dependent on age groups and sex. It is compared with the corresponding historic all-cause mortality per year depending on age and sex observed in these countries. Some common features exist although substantial differences in age and sex dependency of COVID-19 mortality were noted between countries. An exponential increase with age is a good model to describe and analyze both COVID-19 and all-cause mortality above 40 years old, where almost all COVID-19 deaths occur. Moreover, age dependency is stronger for COVID-19 mortality than for all-cause mortality, and males have an excess risk compared with women, which is less pronounced in the higher age groups. Additionally, concerning calendar time, differences in the age and sex dependency between countries were noted with the common tendency that male excess risk for COVID-19 mortality was smaller in the second half of the year.

Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Monica Vichi ◽  
Maria Masocco ◽  
Nicola Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

A Cross Sectional Survey of Chicken Astroviruses Antibody in Broiler and Sonali (Cross-Bred) Chickens in Selected Areas in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Md Zulfekar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽  
Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group B

AbstractChicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.

scholarly journals Age- and sex-specific profiles of temporal fasting plasma glucose variability in a population undergoing routine health screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agyei Helena Lartey ◽  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Zhongqi Li ◽  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Jianming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability is a significant predictor of mortality, especially in patients with poor glycemic control. This study aimed to explore the temporal age- and sex-specific profiles of temporal FPG variability in a Chinese population undergoing routine health screening and to guide the development of targeted public health interventions for the prevention and control of diabetes. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used a general linear model to compare differences in temporal FPG values between sexes and across age groups in 101,886 Nanjing residents who underwent a routine physical health examination at the Health Management Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, in 2018. The variability of FPG as a function of time, age, and sex, independently and in combination, was analyzed. Results The participants included 57,455 (56.4%) males and 44,431 (43.6%) females, with a mean ± SD age of 42.8 ± 15.0 years. The average ± SD FPG level was 5.5 ± 1.1 mmol/L. The monthly variation contributed to 22% of the overall FPG variability. A significant main effect for the age group was observed (F = 7.39, P < 0.05), with an excellent fitting effect (Eta-squared =0.15). The variability of FPG showed sex differences in the percentage difference of the coefficient of variation, which was 34.1% higher in males than females. There were significant interaction effects for month*age*sex and day*age*sex. Conclusions Temporal variability in FPG is evident in the general Chinese population and is affected by both age and sex. To avoid complications associated with FPG variability, interventions should be directed at females and males at specific ages for optimal control of FPG variability and to reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals Children’s Understanding of Informed Assents in Research Studies

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
Hortense Cotrim ◽  
Cristina Granja ◽  
Ana Sofia Carvalho ◽  
Carlos Cotrim ◽  
Rui Martins
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Objective Understanding ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Acceptance Of Health Care

The assent procedure reflects an effort to enable the minor to understand, to the degree they are capable of, what their participation in the decision making process would involve. Aims: To evaluate the minors’ ability to understand the information provided to them when obtaining assent and to evaluate the opinion of the parents regarding the importance of asking the child’s assent. Methods: The sample included a total of 52 minors aged between 10 and 17 years who underwent exercise echocardiogram. The Quality of Informed Consent is divided into two parts: Part A was used to measure objective understanding and part B to measure subjective understanding. Results: The results show that the minors have a high capacity to understand the information given to them when asking for assent. A positive relationship was found between the two parts of the questionnaire. No statistically significant relationship was found between age and sex and part A and part B or between both age groups (<14 years old and ≥14 years old) and the measure. In the case of the parents, 96.6% of parents consider assent as an advantage for the child’s acceptance of health care. The opinion of the parents is not related to the age, sex or level of schooling. Conclusion: Minors showed a substantial level of understanding regarding the information provided to them. The parents considered the implementation of assent fundamental to the child’s acceptance of health care.

scholarly journals Evolution of the prevalence of obesity in the adult population in France, 2013–2016: the Constances study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Czernichow ◽  
Adeline Renuy ◽  
Claire Rives-Lange ◽  
Claire Carette ◽  
Guillaume Airagnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
French Population ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Point Change ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThis study provides trends in obesity prevalence in adults from 2013 to 2016 in France. 63,582 men and women from independent samples upon inclusion from the Constances cohort were included. Anthropometrics were measured at Health Screening Centers and obesity defined as a Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2; obesity classes according to BMI are as follows: class 1 [30–34.9]; class 2 [35–39.9]; class 3 [≥ 40 kg/m2]. Linear trends across obesity classes by sex and age groups were examined in regression models and percentage point change from 2013 to 2016 for each age category calculated. All analyses accounted for sample weights for non-response, age and sex-calibrated to the French population. Prevalence of obesity ranged from 14.2 to 15.2% and from 14 to 15.3% in women and men respectively from 2013 to 2016. Class 1 obesity category prevalence was the only one to increase significantly across survey years in both men and women (p for linear trend = 0.04 and 0.01 in women and men respectively). The only significant increase for obesity was observed in the age group 18–29 y in both women and men (+ 2.71% and + 3.26% point increase respectively, equivalent to an approximate rise of 50% in women and 93% in men, p = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). After adjustment for survey non-response and for age and sex distribution, the results show that class 1 obesity prevalence has significantly increased in both women and men from 2013 to 2016, and only in young adults in a representative sample of the French population aged 18–69 years old.

82 The Significant Burden of Burn Injuries in the Middle East: An Epidemiological Study of Nineteen Countries over 27 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S56-S57
Author(s):  
Zachary J Collier ◽  
Yasmina Samaha ◽  
Priyanka Naidu ◽  
Katherine J Choi ◽  
Christopher H Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Despite ongoing improvements in burn care around the world, the burden of burn morbidity and mortality has remined a significant challenge in the Middle East due to ongoing conflicts, economic crises, social disparities, and dangerous living conditions. Here, we examine the epidemiology of burn injuries in the Middle East (ME) relative to socio-demographic index (SDI), age, and sex in order to better define regional hotspots that may benefit most from sustainability and capacity building initiatives. Methods Computational modeling from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD17) database was used to extrapolate burn data about the nineteen countries that define the ME. Using the GBD17, the yearly incidence, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2017 were defined with respect to age and sex as rates of cases, deaths, and years per 100,000 persons, respectively. Mortality ratio represents the percentage of deaths relative to incident cases. Data from 2017 was spatially mapped using heat-mapping for the region. Results Over 27 years in the ME, an estimated 18,289,496 burns and 308,361 deaths occurred causing 24.5 million DALYs. Burn incidence decreased by 5% globally but only 1% in the ME. Although global incidence continued to decline, most ME countries exhibit steady increases since 2004. Compared to global averages, higher mortality rates (2.8% vs 2.0%) and DALYs (205 vs 152 years) were observed in the Middle East during this time although the respective disparities narrowed by 95% and 42% by 2017. Yemen had the worst death and DALY rates all 27 years with 2 and 2.2 times the ME average, respectively. Sudan had the highest morality ratio (3.7%) for most of the study, twice the ME average (1.8%), followed by Yemen at 3.6%. Sex-specific incidence, deaths, and DALYs in the ME were higher compared to the global cohorts. ME women had the worst rates in all categories. With respect to age, all rates were worse in the ME age groups except in those under 5 years. Conclusions For almost three decades, ME burn incidence, deaths, DALYs, and mortality rates were consistently worse than global average. Despite the already significant differences for burn frequency and severity, especially in women and children, underreporting from countries who lack sufficient registry capabilities likely means that the rates are even worse than predicted.

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