scholarly journals Registered Influenza Viral Vector Based Brucella abortus Vaccine for Cattle in Kazakhstan: Age-Wise Safety and Efficacy Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sholpan Ryskeldinova ◽  
Nadezhda Zinina ◽  
Zhailaubay Kydyrbayev ◽  
Bolat Yespembetov ◽  
Yerken Kozhamkulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Female Cattle

A novel influenza viral vector based Brucella abortus vaccine (Flu-BA) was introduced for use in cattle in Kazakhstan in 2019. In this study, the safety and efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated in male and female cattle at different ages, and during pregnancy as a part of its registration process. Our data demonstrated that the Flu-BA vaccine was safe after prime or booster vaccination in calves (5–7 months old male and female), heifers (15–17 months old) and cows (6–7 years old) and was not abortogenic in pregnant animals. A mild, localized granuloma was observed at the Flu-BA injection site. Vaccinated animals did not show signs of influenza infection or reduced milk production in dairy cows, and the influenza viral vector (IVV) was not recovered from nasal swabs or milk. Vaccinated animals in all age groups demonstrated increased IgG antibody responses against Brucella Omp16 and L7/L12 proteins with calves demonstrating the greatest increase in humoral responses. Following experimental challenge with B. abortus 544, vaccinates demonstrated greater protection and no signs of clinical disease, including abortion, were observed. The vaccine effectiveness against B. abortus 544 infection was 75, 60 and 60%, respectively, in calves, heifers and adult cows. Brucella were not isolated from calves of vaccinated cattle that were experimentally challenged during pregnancy. Our data suggests that the Flu-BA vaccine is safe and efficacious in cattle, including pregnant animals; and can therefore be administered to cattle of any age.

scholarly journals Control and Preventive Study of Brucellosis by Using

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Rahmahani J ◽  
Handijatno D ◽  
Tyaningsih W ◽  
Suwarno Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune

The aims of this research is to determine the ability of sub unit lipopolysacharide(LPS) vaccine of Brucella abortus strain S-19 in mice and goat, including IgM and sub classes IgG antibody humoral response, cellular mediated immune response (IL-2, IFN- γ) in mice, also IgG as humoral immunity, IL-4 and IL-12 as cellular immunity, comparison affectivity with Brucella abortus strain RB-51 vaccine in goat . This research has two steps methods. Step first, 30 Balb C mice were divided into 3 groups and vaccinated subcutaneously, First group injectedB. abortus S-19, second group injected LPS and third group injected sodium chloride solution. Booster vaccination was conducted every two weeks till the eight week after first vaccination. The second step performed vaccinated to 30 goats divided into three groups. First group was injected by subcutaneous LPS 50 µg/ml and second group injected LPS 100 µg/ml and the third group injected with sodium chloride as control. Booster vaccination conducted 2 weeks after first vaccination and second vaccination. Result of the research conferred. Result research, antibody response in mice showed vaccination by LPS of B. abortus S-19 showed higher titer than vaccination by whole cells but inverse cellular response. The both vaccines showed induce subclass antibody response, vaccination by LPS tendency to IgM response but vaccination by Whole cells active vaccine tendency to IgG1, IgG 2a and IgG2b. Response antibody in goat on two weeks after first vaccination, vaccination with LPS of B. abortus S-19, dose 50 µg/ml failed or zero titer IgG response but dose 100 µg/ml was 500response antibody on two weeks after second vaccination by dose 50 µg/ml was 340 but by dose 100 µg/ml was 960, while cellular IL-12 response two weeks after first vaccination by dose 50 µg/ml was 22.88 pg/ml but by 100 µg/ml was 62.15 pg/ml. Response cellular IL -12 two weeks after second vaccination 50 µg/ml was 12.04 pg/ml while by dose100 µg/ml was 130.88pg/ml    Cellular immune response IL-4 on two weeks after first vaccination, dose 50 µg/ml showed 55.57 pg/ml but by dose100 µg/ml was 49.35 pg/ ml. Response cellular IL-4 on two weeks after second vaccination by dose 50 µg/ml  was 22.17 pg/ml but by dose 100 µg/ml was 143.89 pg/ml Keyword: Vaccine sub-unit LPS of Brucella abortus S-19, Humoral antibody, Cellular antibody

Safety and efficacy of concurrent administration of influenza vaccine in patients undergoing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14607-e14607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Konstantinos Kanaloupitis ◽  
Anjana Chandran ◽  
Alyssa Ralph ◽  
Ryan Thompson ◽  
Jon M. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Common Antigens ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Antigen Testing

e14607 Background: Concerns have been raised over administration of influenza vaccination concurrent with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, specifically, implication in induction of Guillain-Barre syndrome. The aim of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in patients undergoing anti-PD1 therapy. Methods: This is a prospective observational study evaluating the safety and efficacy of Afluria (Seqirus) in patients receiving anti-PD1 therapy. Antibody titers against common influenza A and B antigens were measured by a semi-quantitative ELISA on days 0, 45 and 90+ post vaccine administration to confirm anti-PD1 therapy did not interfere with anti-influenza humoral responses. Influenza infection, confirmed by rapid antigen testing, and influenza-related hospitalizations were reported among vaccinated patients. Safety was assessed using the FDA toxicity grading scale for clinical trials. Results: The acute humoral responses and subsequent IgG responses of the 28 patients included in this study are as follows in the table. IgM responses at 45 days to both influenza A and B common antigens were statistically significant (all P<0.05*). IgG response to common influenza B antigens was increased at day 45 ( P=0.001*). One of 28 patients contracted influenza B infection, confirmed by rapid antigen testing. There were no influenza-related hospitalizations. One patient had a grade 2 local adverse event (AE). A second patient had both a grade 2 local and a grade 2 systemic AE (myalgia). No grade 3/4 local or systemic AEs were reported. Conclusions: Administration of influenza vaccination concurrent with anti-PD1 therapy appeared safe in our study. No grade 3/4 local or systemic AEs were noted. Anti-PD1 therapy did not adversely affect anti-influenza humoral responses. Our data demonstrate that the increase in IgM reactivity to common influenza A and B antigens appears to be an immediate reaction to revaccination. Seroprotection can be inferred by documented infection in only one patient and absence of influenza related-hospitalizations. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Safety of the novel influenza viral vector Brucella abortus vaccine in pregnant heifers

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaissar Tabynov ◽  
Sholpan Ryskeldinova ◽  
Zhailaubay Kydyrbayev ◽  
Abylai Sansyzbay
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Viral Vector Vaccine

ABSTRACT: The present study provides the first information about the safety of a new influenza viral vector vaccine expressing the Brucella ribosomal protein L7/L12 or Omp16 containing the adjuvant Montanide Gel01 in pregnant heifers. Immunization of pregnant heifers was conducted via the conjunctival (n=10) or subcutaneous (n=10) route using cross prime and booster vaccination schedules at an interval of 28 days. The vector vaccine was evaluated in comparison with positive control groups vaccinated with B. abortus S19 (n=10) or B. abortus RB51 (n=10) and a negative (PBS+Montanide Gel01; n=10) control group. Clinical studies, thermometry, assessment of local reactogenicity and observation of abortion showed that the vector vaccine via the conjunctival or subcutaneous route was completely safe for pregnant heifers compared to the commercial vaccines B. abortus S19 or B. abortus RB51. The only single adverse event was the formation of infiltration at the site of subcutaneous injection; this reaction was not observed for the conjunctival route.

scholarly journals Immune Responses and Efficacy of Brucella Abortus Strain RB51 in Bison After Delivery in a Dry Dart Formulation or by Parenteral Inoculation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Olsen ◽  
Paola M. Boggiatto ◽  
Pauline Nol ◽  
Matthew P. McCollum ◽  
Jack C. Rhyan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Parenteral Delivery ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Bison (Bison bison) heifer calves (n = 32) were randomly assigned to control or vaccination with 1010 colony-forming units of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) vaccine by single or boostered parenteral delivery, or by surgical implantation of a dry dart formulation (n = 8/trt). Serum and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 13, 16, 21, and 24 wks after initial vaccination and at 0, 4, 8, 12, 15, 22, and 27 wks after booster vaccination to characterize humoral and cellular immune responses to RB51. Bison in both RB51 vaccination treatments demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.0001) serum humoral responses when compared to non-vaccinates, with parenteral vaccinates demonstrating greater (P &lt; 0.01) responses when compared to mean responses of bison inoculated with the dry dart. Only the booster vaccinated treatment demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.0001) humoral responses than control bison in samples collected after re-inoculation. At 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 wks after initial vaccination, PBMC from parenteral RB51 vaccinates demonstrated greater proliferative responses to RB51 when compared to responses of control animals. In comparison, bison inoculated with the RB51 dry dart did not demonstrate greater (P &gt; 0.05) proliferative responses when compared to responses of non-vaccinates. Bison were pasture bred and pregnant animals experimentally challenged in mid-gestation with 107 CFU of B. abortus strain 2,308. Bison in parenteral vaccination treatments had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) abortions and infection in uterine and fetal samples as compared to non-vaccinated bison, with booster vaccinates tending to have the lowest colonization (CFU/gm) in tissues. In comparison, the dry dart formulation did reduce abortion (P &lt; 0.05) but not infection (P &gt; 0.05) in most tissues when compared to non-vaccinated bison. The results of this study reaffirm the efficacy of boostered parenteral vaccination of bison with RB51 in preventing brucellosis. Our data also suggests that the novel dry dart RB51 formulation does not induce sufficient efficacy in bison after a single inoculation.

scholarly journals Influence of species of negative control sera on results of a brucellosis fluorescence polarization assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Steven C. Olsen ◽  
Lauren S. Crawford ◽  
Antonio Fuentes ◽  
Miladin Kostovic ◽  
Paola M. Boggiatto
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization Assay ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Experimental Challenge

We evaluated serologic responses of cattle, bison, elk, and swine representing negative control, early vaccination (4–8 wk), late vaccination (21–28 wk) or booster vaccination, early after-experimental challenge (2–4 wk), and late after-experimental challenge (8–21 wk), in a brucellosis fluorescence polarization assay (FPA; n = 10 sera per species per treatment) using negative control sera from cattle, bison, elk, and swine ( n = 5 per species). Sera from cattle shedding Brucella abortus strain RB51 in milk were also evaluated against the 20 negative control sera. The species of negative control sera used in the FPA could increase ( p < 0.05) delta millipolarization (mP; delta mP = sample mP − negative control mP) results. In general, the species of negative control sera did not alter the interpretation of FPA results in control, vaccinated, or infected animals. Even after repeated RB51 vaccinations in bison, cattle, or elk, or in cattle shedding RB51 in milk, serologic results from the FPA remained negative. Species differences in FPA results were noted; elk developed robust humoral responses very quickly after infection that resulted in strong positive FPA results. In cattle and bison, humoral responses appeared to develop over a longer period of time, and greater delta mP values were detected at later times after infection. Sensitivity of the FPA for detecting infected animals was greatest for elk in early challenge samples and bison in late challenge samples. Our data suggest that species of origin of negative control sera does not influence interpretation of the FPA in natural hosts of Brucella abortus.

Prime-booster vaccination of cattle with an influenza viral vector Brucella abortus vaccine induces a long-term protective immune response against Brucella abortus infection

Vaccine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaissar Tabynov ◽  
Bolat Yespembetov ◽  
Sholpan Ryskeldinova ◽  
Nadezhda Zinina ◽  
Zhailaubay Kydyrbayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Protective Immune Response

scholarly journals LB-9. Development of a SARS-CoV2 vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV19: immunogenicity and safety in older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S848-S848
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Tolerability Profile ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Huge Impact

Abstract Background The pandemic of SARS-CoV2 has led to a huge impact on population health, resilience of health systems and economies. While social distancing measures have been shown to slow spread, the end of the pandemic will only be achieved with sufficient population immunity in those at greatest risk, and this is most safely achieved through vaccination. We tested safety and immunogenicity of a novel viral vector vaccine in older age groups to consider the potential impact in older adults Methods Healthy adults were recruited aged 18–55, 56–69 and ≥70 years and enrolled in the phase II clinical to receive 1 or 2 doses of either ChAdOx1-nCoV19 (AZD1222) or a control vaccine (MenACWY). Safety was monitored using a diary to collect local and systemic solicited symptoms. Blood was drawn at baseline and 14 and 28 days after primary and booster vaccination. Immune responses were evaluated by ELISA, in a neutralizing assay and by interferon-gamma ELISPOT. Results Immune responses were demonstrated across all ages, with stronger antibody responses after a second dose of vaccine administered 1 month after the first. Local and systemic reactogenicity was lower at older ages than in younger adults and lower after the second dose then after the first. Conclusion ChAdOx1-nCoV19 has an acceptable tolerability profile and is immunogenic in adults above 18 years of age including older adults, with stronger responses after a second dose. Phase III clinical trials for further evaluation are ongoing. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Principal Axis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Diminishing Returns ◽  
The One ◽  
Armed Services ◽  
Principal Axis Factor

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns (SLODR) with regard to age was tested in two different databases from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The first database consisted of 6,980 boys and girls aged 12–16 from the 1997 cohort ( NLSY 1997 ). The subjects were tested with a computer-administered adaptive format (CAT) of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) consisting of 12 subtests. The second database consisted of 11,448 male and female subjects aged 15–24 from the 1979 cohort ( NLSY 1979 ). These subjects were tested with the older 10-subtest version of the ASVAB. The hypothesis was tested by dividing the sample into Young and Old age groups while keeping IQ fairly constant by a method similar to the one developed and employed by Deary et al. (1996) . The different age groups were subsequently factor-analyzed separately. The eigenvalue of the first principal component (PC1) and the first principal axis factor (PAF1), and the average intercorrelation of the subtests were used as estimates of the g saturation and compared across groups. There were no significant differences in the g saturation across age groups for any of the two samples, thereby pointing to no support for this aspect of Spearman's “Law of Diminishing Returns.”

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in hospitalized patients at a tertiary referral center in North India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Animesh Ray ◽  
Dr. Komal Singh ◽  
Souvick Chattopadhyay ◽  
Farha Mehdi ◽  
Dr. Gaurav Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
North India ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is an important tool to estimate the true extent of infection in a population. However, seroprevalence studies have been scarce in South East Asia including India, which, as of now, carries the third largest burden of confirmed cases in the world. The present study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody among hospitalized patients at one of the largest government hospital in India OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among patients admitted to the Medicine ward and ICU METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India, recruited consecutive patients who were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or CB-NAAT. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels targeting recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS CoV-2 were estimated in serum sample by the ELISA method RESULTS A total of 212 hospitalized patients were recruited in the study with mean age (±SD) of 41.2 (±15.4) years and 55% male population. Positive serology against SARS CoV-2 was detected in 19.8%patients(95% CI 14.7-25.8). Residency in Delhi conferred a higher frequency of seropositivity 26.5% (95% CI 19.3-34.7) as compared to that of other states 8% (95% CI 3.0-16.4) with p-value 0.001. No particular age groups or socio-economic strata showed a higher proportion of seropositivity CONCLUSIONS Around, one-fifth of hospitalized patients, who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 before, demonstrated seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2. While there was no significant difference in the different age groups and socio-economic classes; residence in Delhi was associated with increased risk (relative risk of 3.62, 95% CI 1.59-8.21)

scholarly journals Incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in 6-month to 45-year-olds on selected areas of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Urbano Nsue Ndong Nchama ◽  
Ali Hamad Said ◽  
Ali Mtoro ◽  
Gertrudis Owono Bidjimi ◽  
Marta Alene Owono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Bioko Island ◽  
Malaria Vaccines

Abstract Background Extensive malaria control measures have been implemented on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea over the past 16 years, reducing parasite prevalence and malaria-related morbidity and mortality, but without achieving elimination. Malaria vaccines offer hope for reducing the burden to zero. Three phase 1/2 studies have been conducted successfully on Bioko Island to evaluate the safety and efficacy of whole Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite (SPZ) malaria vaccines. A large, pivotal trial of the safety and efficacy of the radiation-attenuated Sanaria® PfSPZ Vaccine against P. falciparum is planned for 2022. This study assessed the incidence of malaria at the phase 3 study site and characterized the influence of socio-demographic factors on the burden of malaria to guide trial design. Methods A cohort of 240 randomly selected individuals aged 6 months to 45 years from selected areas of North Bioko Province, Bioko Island, was followed for 24 weeks after clearance of parasitaemia. Assessment of clinical presentation consistent with malaria and thick blood smears were performed every 2 weeks. Incidence of first and multiple malaria infections per person-time of follow-up was estimated, compared between age groups, and examined for associated socio-demographic risk factors. Results There were 58 malaria infection episodes observed during the follow up period, including 47 first and 11 repeat infections. The incidence of malaria was 0.25 [95% CI (0.19, 0.32)] and of first malaria was 0.23 [95% CI (0.17, 0.30)] per person per 24 weeks (0.22 in 6–59-month-olds, 0.26 in 5–17-year-olds, 0.20 in 18–45-year-olds). Incidence of first malaria with symptoms was 0.13 [95% CI (0.09, 0.19)] per person per 24 weeks (0.16 in 6–59-month-olds, 0.10 in 5–17-year-olds, 0.11 in 18–45-year-olds). Multivariate assessment showed that study area, gender, malaria positivity at screening, and household socioeconomic status independently predicted the observed incidence of malaria. Conclusion Despite intensive malaria control efforts on Bioko Island, local transmission remains and is spread evenly throughout age groups. These incidence rates indicate moderate malaria transmission which may be sufficient to support future larger trials of PfSPZ Vaccine. The long-term goal is to conduct mass vaccination programmes to halt transmission and eliminate P. falciparum malaria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document